Affirmative action was instituted to deal with discrimination. The intent of affirmative action is to repair past discrimination and current discrimination in education and employment and remains highly controversial.

In 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court made an important statement on affirmative action in the cases, Gratz v. Bollinger and Grutter v. Bollinger. Summarize these cases.

What important statement did the Court make on the future of affirmative action?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Affirmative action as a practice was partially upheld by the Supreme Court in Grutter v. Bollinger (2003), while the use of racial quotas for college admissions was concurrently ruled unconstitutional by the Court in Gratz v. Bollinger (2003).

Affirmative Action – Advantages

Climbing the socioeconomic ladder. ...

Boosting the education of disadvantaged students. ...

Promoting education and work on a communal level. ...

Reverse discrimination. ...

Lack of meritocracy. ...

Demeaning true achievement. ...

Employment. ...

Education.

The Court's majority ruling, authored by Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, held that the United States Constitution "does not prohibit the law school's narrowly tailored use of race in admissions decisions to further a compelling interest in obtaining the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body."

Explanation:


Related Questions

What are the 11 steps on how a bill becomes a law?

Answers

Answer:

Step 1: The bill is drafted

Step 2: The bill is introduced

Step 3: The bill goes to committee

Step 4: Subcommittee review of the bill

Step 5: Committee markup of the bill

Step 6: Voting by the full chamber on the bill

Step 7: Referral of the bill to the other chamber

Step 8: The bill goes to the president

Step 9: Overriding a veto

Step 10: House and Senate agree on final bill

Step 11: President approves bill

To register your vehicle, you'll need _____.

Answers

Answer:

a driver license

Explanation:

Answer:

You will need a certificate of title and proof of insurance. To register a vehicle, not only do you need a driver's license. To drive legally each year, you need to buy tabs.

6. Evaluate, take and defend positions on issues regarding the establishment and free exercise clauses 28 POINTS

Answers

Answer:

A. Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses

The First Amendment provides: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.” These two clauses are referred to as the “establishment clause” and the “free exercise clause.” As with that part of the First Amendment which protects freedom of speech, both of these clauses have been applied to the states, and therefore operate against all levels of government in the United States. The free exercise clause protects the religious beliefs, and to a certain extent, the religious practices of all citizens. The more controversial establishment clause prohibits the government from endorsing, supporting, or becoming too involved in religion and religious activities.

Both clauses protect the same values, and often a violation of one would also be a violation of the other. For example, mandatory prayer in schools would constitute an improper establishment of religion and would also interfere with the free exercise rights of those students who did not believe in that particular prayer or prayer in general.

Explanation:

When alcohol and cocaine are combined, the effects of both are...
A. limited.
B. canceled.
C. prolonged.

Answers

A

Because there are more effects when you use alcohol and cocaine combined.

In CIVIL LAW, what is a PLAINTIFF?

Answers

Answer: The person who wanted the lawsuit first

Explanation:

Basically the person who initiated the lawsuit and wants to go to court because of the second parties actions.

what is an example of a reserved power of the state governments?

Answers

Answer:

they are not listed specifically, but are guaranteed by the Tenth Amendment: "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, not prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."

Hope this helps!

The standards of proof in a civil case is “beyond reasonable doubt” true or false

Answers

In criminal cases, the government's proof must be more powerful than that. It must be beyond a reasonable doubt. Proof beyond a reasonable doubt is proof that leaves you firmly convinced of the defendant's guilt.

The Phonetic alphabet was ultimately the creation of _____, an organization created after World War II.
1. UN
2. NAFTA
3. EU
4. NATO

Answers

Answer:

it will be NATO which was created after world war 2

500 PoinTs Making physical contact with another in a violent or provoking way *
Simple Battery
Involuntary Murder
Felony Murder
Murder

Answers

Simple battery; the question doesn’t mention anyone being fatally harmed so none of the other options seem to work.

There are several dilemmas currently faced by corrections in the United States. These dilemmas are multifaceted and include
mission, method, structure, costs, and:

Answers

Answer:

મને ખબર નથી માફ કરશો

Explanation:

yall please help me!!I need to turn this is asap​

Answers

Answer:

The fourth one

Explanation:

Answer:

They believed the system if government should only be changed with overwhelming support

Explanation:

This is to prevent the alteration of the government to fundamentally benefit anyone or any political party, so the balance of power is unchanged unless it benefits everyone, hence the reason why it has to have overwhelming support.

Which term describes the process of verifying a space is NOT occupied by a threat?

Answers

Answer:

Clearing

Explanation:

Clearing operations are employed to completely neutralize an obstacle. Follow-on engineer forces mostly perform this operation. In military or police operations, obstacles are most times placed to divert the opponents and place them under attack by the opposing forces.

The obstacles are threats that must be detected and removed to avoid incurring losses in time and equipment, or the death of members of the team. Obstacles can be in the form of tactical obstacles (usually formed by the opponents), and protective obstacles (which are set up to protect members of the team).

In CRIMINAL LAW, what is a PROSECUTOR?

Answers

Answer:

A prosecutor is the government attorney who charges and tries cases against individuals accused of crimes. ... Larger offices may have specialized units focusing on areas such as homicide, narcotics, juvenile prosecution, domestic violence, sex crimes and appellate work.

Explanation:

Answer:

A prosecutor is the one trying to put the convicted person in jail. Say evidence is pointing towards a specific person, that person in court would be referred to as the defendant. The "lawyer" trying to put the defendant in jail is the prosecutor.

Explanation:

my brother is gay what is his name

Answers

Answer: ummm

Explanation: Ted, Bob Armstrong, or Gay dude

Answer:

It's definitely Jayden

Explanation:

5. The purpose of this short article
is.............
(a) to entertain (b) to inform (c) to
persuade (d)none of these​

Answers

It’s letter D none of these


What would you implement into the election process that would improve the process while ensuring legality,
transparency, and the security of the election process?

Answers

Almost anything would improve it. right now the election process is rigged and it has been proven, so we need to add people to watch others counting votes, we need to find GOOD people that are trusted, and they have to be completely unbiased. also no mail in ballots. those have been known to get burn or ripped or thrown out if they are for trump.

help please I’ll give brainlest
What is one major difference between the state and federal lawmaking
processes?
A. Federal bills must be approved by an executive.
B. Federal laws are introduced through a referendum.
C. Federal laws are required to follow the Constitution.
D. Federal lawmakers cannot be recalled by citizens.
SUBMIT

Answers

Explanation:

Federal law is the body of law created by the federal government of a country. In the United States, state law is the law of each separate U.S. state, as passed by the state legislature and adjudicated by state courts. ... State law subservient to federal law in case of explicit conflict.

B - federal laws are introduced through a referendum.

yall please help me!!I need to turn this is asap​

Answers

I believe the answer is D.

7. When Terri Luck was charged with arson, her lawyer actually slept through
her trial. The whole thing. He even snored. And drooled. After being
sentenced to thirty years. Terri appeals her conviction, and argues that she
should have a new trial. What amendment would help her win?! I

Answers

Answer:

insanity plee

Explanation:

How to fix the israel-palestine conflict. i need it quickly

Answers

Answer:

The two-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict envisages an independent State of Palestine alongside the State of Israel, west of the Jordan River.

Explanation: i think dats it

When alcohol and cocaine are combined, the effects of both are ...
A. limited
B. canceled.
C. prolonged

Answers

Answer:

C.........

when alcohol and cocaine are combined, the effects are prolonged....... because both supress Central Nervous system....

in 2000, the outcome of the president election rested on which candidate would receive________.
A. a favorable ruling in the US 11th Circuit Court of Appeals
B. the approval of the House of Representatives
C. Florida's 25 electoral votes
D. the majority of the votes in Florida's Seminole County

Answers

Answer:

The answer is C: Floridas 25 electoral votes

Read the following excerpt and answer the question below
All natural persons, female and male alike, are equal before
the law and have inalienable rights, among which are the
right to enjoy and defend life and liberty, to pursue
happiness, to be rewarded for industry, and to acquire,
possess and protect property; except that the ownership,
inheritance, disposition and possession of real property by
aliens ineligible for citizenship may be regulated or
prohibited by law. No person shall be deprived of any right
because of race, religion, national origin, or physical
disability.
Florida Constitution
Which section of the U.S. Constitution protects these same rights?
Article 1, the role of the legislative branch
Article 3, the role of the judicial branch
the amendments
the preamble

Answers

There is an excerpt given about the law and the question is about the excerpt. The answer is found from the excerpt.

In Florida constitution, there is no discrimination based on gender, race, color or religion. Both men and women are equal before law.

All natural persons including men and women have right to live with liberty. They are free to live their life according to their own preferences within the limits determined by law.

The U.S. Constitution also protects these same rights as of Florida Constitution.

The Equal Protection Clause which is Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects the rights of individuals.

The correct answer is The Amendments.

Learn more about law at https://brainly.com/question/25882332

What is the Supreme Law of the Land in the United States?
AO The Articles of Confederation
B The United States Constitution
с
The Declaration of Independence
D The Collection of Natural Rights and Responsibilities

Can some help me with this please

Answers

Answer:

B!

Explanation:

the laws of the united states which shall be made in pursuance thereof

Taxes may be levied on U.S. citizens by both the federal and state governments. This is an example of
A)double jeopardy.
B)a reserved power.
C)an exclusive power
D)a concurrent power.

Answers

Answer:

D) A concurrent power.

Explanation:

It definitely isn't double jeopardy as that applies to being arrested. Exclusive and reserved powers are a one or the other type thing, so it either goes to state or federal government, not both.

one way that national traffic and motor vehicle safety act helps keep drivers and passengers safe is by

Answers

Answer:

Zone Control System

Explanation:

Answer:requiring that car manufacturers install safety belts in vehicles

Explanation:

It’s what I’m thinking

Do you believe that anyone is able to murder in the right situation at the right time like if you daughter was about to be murdered but the only way to stop them was to murder them and you do it do believe you should go to jail please answer both parts of the question

Answers

You acted in self defense, I did my job as a parent and protected my daughter.
It depends murder in self defense is somewhat ok but I wouldn’t do it and no you shouldn’t go to jail for self defense

Civil and criminal laws are the same true or false

Answers

Answer:

false

Explanation:

what is a constitution in general as it pertains to government​

Answers

Ans: A constitution is an aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.

What are the 6 stages of a Hurricane?​

Answers

Answer:

Tropical Disturbance

Tropical Depression

Tropical Storm

Tropical Cyclone

Explanation:

There are only 4

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Scientists discover two planets orbiting a distant star. The average distance from the star to Planet A is 4 AU, and it takes 432 Earth days for Planet A to orbit the star. If it takes 1,460 days for Planet B to complete an orbit, what is the average distance from Planet B to the star? y = x2+x-30what are the factors 1. (Ellos / Nosotros ) somos estudiantes. 2 1/3 + 3 2/4 = Fractions Dan eats of a pizza.2Rachel eats another of the pizza.What fraction of the pizza was eaten? The distance traveled, in feet, of a ball dropped from a tall building is modeled by the equation d(t) = 16t2 where d equals the distance traveled at time t seconds and t equals the time in seconds. What does the average rate of change of d(t) from t = 2 to t = 5 represent?The ball travels an average distance of 112 feet from 2 seconds to 5 seconds.The ball falls down with an average speed of 48 feet per second from 2 seconds to 5 seconds.The ball falls down with an average speed of 112 feet per second from 2 seconds to 5 seconds.The ball travels an average distance of 48 feet from 2 seconds to 5 seconds Triangle ABC is formed by a reflection over y = 1 and dilation by a scale factor of 4 from the origin. Which equation shows the correct relationship between ABC and ABC?coordinate plane with triangle ABC at A negative 3 comma 3, B 1 comma negative 3, and C negative 3 comma negative 3 segment A double prime B double prime equals four segment BC segment BC equals 4 segment A double prime B double prime segment AB over segment A double prime B double prime equals one fourth segment C double prime A double prime over segment CA equals one fourth I don't anderstand this exsercise. Which are challenges for study groups? Check all that apply.a) lack of focus during meetingsb) too many new perspectivesc) problems with communication d) lack of commitment to dutiese) overly motivated participants For which pair of points can you use this number line to find the distance?A number line going from negative 2 to positive 8. Points are at 1 and 7.A-(4, 1) and (7, 4)B-(4, 1) and (4, 7)C-(1, 4) and (4, 7)D-(4, 1) and (4, 7) Which event did Roosevelt refer to as "a day that will live in infamy?O the surrender of FranceO the Allied declaration of war on GermanyO the attack on Pearl HarborO the signing of the Munich Agreement These tables of values represent continuous functions. In which table do thevalues represent an exponential function?A X12.345y41236108324 B X 12345910111213. CX12345 7 28497091 D X 1 2 345 y 4 122028. 36. Writing equation of the line that passes through the given points (16, -4) ; m= -3/4 Escribe. Rewrite the following sentences changing them into their plural forms. 1. Mi hijo es atltico. Mis hijos son atlticos. 2. Su mascota es inteligente. 3. Nuestra profesora es simptica. 4. Tu hermano es estudioso. 5. Nuestro amigo es alto. Holly is making fruit salad. She bought 3 pounds and 3 ounces of fruit. How many ounces of fruit did she buy? *Needed ASAP Help plz its 50 points help How do solve this question? Find an equation of a line parallel to the given line and contains the given point. Write the equation in slopeintercept form. With the equation 2x + 5y= -10 point (10, 4). Give examples of the powers given by the Bill of Rights and explain ifthese powers were essential to American citizens. Home maintenance tasks must be performed: A. Daily B. Monthly C. Yearly D. Any of the above depending on the task 8. fill in the blanks with appropriate determiners,1. I want____water2. My sister is a librarian in_____school3. There isn't_____juice4. Neelu has_____chocolates5. Ankita should eat_____fresh fruit 6. Seema must do____homework tonight7. She isn't____smarter than me 8. My sister can speak_____spanish9. Karan doesn't have_____ money 10. Can you lend me______money