Answer:
This chapter examines the range of human consequences of, and responses to, global environmental change. We begin by developing the concept of human consequences and showing why, to understand them, it is critical to understand the variety of human responses to global change. We then offer a framework for thinking about human responses and discuss the pivotal role of conflict. The next section examines three cases that illustrate many of the major factors influencing the human consequences of global change. The following sections describe the human systems that are affected by or respond to global change, and how they interrelate. We conclude by offering some general principles for research and some research implications.
Starting with a protein that has been inserted into the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane with the Amino (N) terminal in the ER lumen and the carboxy (C) terminal in the cytoplasm, describe the journey the protein will take until it is placed in the plasma membrane. Include any modifications that occur during the journey and where they occur. Also, always indicate where the N and C terminal are located.
Answer and Explanation:
Ribosomes are the primary structure for protein synthesis. They can be found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum or floating in the cytosol.
Free ribosomes are not attached to any cytoplasmic structure or organelle. They synthesize proteins only for internal cell use. Other ribosomes are attached to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and they are in charge of synthesizing membrane proteins or exportation proteins. Free and attached ribosomes are identical and they can alternate their location. This means that although free ribosomes are floating in the cytosol, eventually, they can get attached to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
Synthesis of proteins that are destined to membrane or exportation starts in the cytoplasm with the production of a molecule portion known as a signal aminoacidic sequence. This signal sequence varies between 13 and 36 amino acids, is located in the amino extreme of the synthesizing protein, and when it reaches a certain length, it meets the signal recognizing particle. This particle joins the signal sequence of the protein and leads the synthesizing protein and associated ribosome to a specific region in the Rough endoplasmic reticulum where it continues the protein building. When they reach the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, the signal recognizing particle links to a receptor associated with a pore. Meanwhile, the ribosome keeps synthesizing the protein, and the enlarged polypeptidic chain goes forward the reticulum lumen through the pore. While this is happening, another enzyme cuts the signal sequence, an action that requires energy from the ATP hydrolysis. When the new protein synthesis is complete, the polypeptide is released into the reticulum lumen. Here it also happens the protein folding (which is possible by the formation of disulfide bridges of proteins are formed) and the initial stages of glycosylation (the oligosaccharide addition).
Once membrane proteins are folded in the interior of the endoplasmic reticulum, they are packaged into vesicles and sent to the Golgi complex, where it occurs the final association of carbohydrates with proteins. The Golgi complex sends proteins to their different destinies. Proteins destined to a certain place are packaged all together in the same vesicle and sent to the target organelle. In the case of membrane proteins, they are packaged in vesicles and sent to the cell membrane where they get incrusted.
There are certain signal sequences in the carboxy-terminal extreme of the protein that plays an important role during the transport of membrane proteins. A signal as simple as one amino acid in the c-terminal extreme is responsible for the correct transport of the molecule through the whole traject until it reaches the membrane.
what is excretion,list the ecretory product for mammals and indicate where each product is formed,make labelled of the nephron of a mammal
Explanation:
The mammalian kidney is a compact organ with two distinct regions: cortex and medulla. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. Each nephron is a tubular structure consisting of four regions. It arises in the cortex as a small vesicle about one-fifth of a millimetre (0.008 inch) in diameter, known as Bowman’s capsule, into which projects a tuft of capillary blood vessels, the glomerulus. Bowman’s capsule is continuous with the proximal convoluted tubule, which also lies in the cortex. Following the proximal convoluted tubule is the loop of Henle, which descends into the medulla and then runs straight up again to the cortex where it continues as the distal convoluted tubule. A collecting tubule, into which several nephrons open, courses through the medulla to open a wide cavity, the pelvis of the kidney. From the pelvis the ureter leads to the bladder, and from the bladder the urethra leads out of the body.
What are body systems?
Answer:
Explanation:
Circulatory system / Cardiovascular system:
Circulates blood around the body via the heart, arteries and veins, delivering oxygen and nutrients to organs and cells and carrying their waste products away.
Keeps the body's temperature in a safe range.
Digestive system and Excretory system:
System to absorb nutrients and remove waste via the gastrointestinal tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach and intestines.
Eliminates waste from the body.
Endocrine system:
Influences the function of the body using hormones.
Integumentary system / Exocrine system:
Skin, hair, nails, sweat and other exocrine glands
Immune system and lymphatic system:
Defends the body against pathogens that may harm the body.
The system comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph.
Muscular system:
Enables the body to move using muscles.
Nervous system:
Collects and processes information from the senses via nerves and the brain and tells the muscles to contract to cause physical actions.
Renal system and Urinary system
The system where the kidneys filter blood to produce urine, and get rid of waste.
Reproductive system:
The reproductive organs required for the production of offspring.
Respiratory system:
Brings air into and out of the lungs to absorb oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
Skeletal System:
Bones maintain the structure of the body and its organs.
HELP FAST PLEASE!!! A scientist designed and conducted an experiment to test a hypothesis, and then formed a conclusion from her results. Next, she collected and analyzed more data and formed another conclusion. Which statement best justifies the fact that she skipped the hypothesis and experimental design steps of the scientific method? The scientist must have realized that she performed one of the steps incorrectly. The scientist was unhappy with the first data set and started the experiment over. The scientist was repeating the experiment to improve the validity of her data. The scientist was planning to form a hypothesis after completing the experiment.
Answer:
If the question is asking what she did wrong. She needed to form a hypothesis before testing had started because the hypothesis is what you test in an experiment. Testing with out this is pointless.
Explanation:
In a honeybee colony the queen stores sperm from male bees, or drones. She then lays thousands of eggs and uses the stored sperm to fertilize them and create offspring. Even when the stored sperm runs out, offspring drones are born in the hive. How is this possible? A) The unfertilized eggs became drones through regeneration. B) The unfertilized eggs became drones through fragmentation. C) The unfertilized eggs became drones through binary fission. D) The unfertilized eggs became drones through parthenogenesis
Answer:
D
Explanation: Parthenogenesis is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization by sperm. In animals, parthenogenesis means development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell. In plants parthenogenesis is a component process of apomixis.
Is the Earth an open, closed, or isolated system? Explain.
Answer:
Closed Systems. The earth system as a whole is a closed system. ... Virtually no mass is exchanged between the Earth system and the rest of the universe (except for an occasional meteorite). However, energy in the form of solar radiation passes from the Sun, through the atmosphere to the surface.
Explanation:
Answer:
The earth is a closed system because only energy is naturally transferred outside the atmosphere.
Explanation:
A closed system is a system in which only energy is transferred with its surroundings. An open system, however, is a system in which both energy and matter can transfer.
A biochemical Lugol test involved dropping iodine on a cracker and observing
whether the reagent changes color or not. If this test indicated that starches are
present, which monomer would be associated with this test?
Answer:
glucose
Explanation:
Starch is composed of glucose monomers linked by glycosidic bonds.
Which statement best explains how the life functions of a unicellular
organism are carried out?
A. Most of the tissues in the cell work together to perform its life
functions.
B. The structures in the cell work together to perform its life
functions.
C. All of the organism's cells work together to perform its life
functions.
D. Only specialized cells work together to perform its life functions.
Answer:
The answer is b
Explanation:
The life functions of a unicellular organism are carried out by the structures in the cell that work together to perform its life functions.
What is cell?"A cell is the structural and functional unit of living things."All living things are composed of cells.The single-celled organisms are called unicellular organisms whereas the organisms having two or more number of cells are called multicellular organisms.The cell have different structures called organelles that performs specific function.What is organelle?"These are the specialized structures that perform various jobs inside cells."The organelles performs various function so that the cell can perform its life functions and remains alive.For example: DNA replication occurs in nucleus of cell where it transcribe into RNA, it then moves towards ribosome so that it can code for proteins which is important to cells to perform various functions.Hence, the correct option is: B. The structures in the cell work together to perform its life functions.
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Any liquid that destroys bacteria is in the most household cleaning solutions like Lysol
Answer:
n the healthcare setting, “alcohol” refers to two water-soluble chemical compounds—ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol—that have generally underrated germicidal characteristics 482. FDA has not cleared any liquid chemical sterilant or high-level disinfectant with alcohol as the main active ingredient. These alcohols are rapidly bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic against vegetative forms of bacteria; they also are tuberculocidal, fungicidal, and virucidal but do not destroy bacterial spores. Their cidal activity drops sharply when diluted below 50% concentration, and the optimum bactericidal concentration is 60%–90% solutions in water (volume/volume) 483, 484.
Explanation:
How do you define professionalism
We did not use a control group in this experiment. What is the purpose of the control group and how could we have set up with one for this experiment?
Answer:
The experiment will be faulty
Explanation:
To set up a control group, you pick individuals at random( so you don't just get a group to be of the same character, or opinion).
The control group is vital in every experiment because, sometimes our hypothesis could be mere coincidence or assumptions. So the control group will be compared to the test group to see if the results are correct. Plus look at it this way, without a control group, your hypothesis wouldn't be a theory.
Choose all the answers that apply.
Ethical scientists ______
keep detailed records
make biased conclusions
follow the scientific method
communicate experimental results
report inaccurate date
Answer:
keep detailed records
Explanation:
what is a weather font?
A weather front is a boundary separating bands of thunderstorms and severe weather, and may on occasion be preceded by squall lines or dry lines. Warm fronts are usually preceded by stratiform precipitation and fog. The weather usually clears quickly after a front's passage
If you have a volume of 10 ml and a mass of 100kg what is the density
Answer:
1x10^7 kg/m^3
Explanation:
p=m/v
= 100kg/10ml
=10kg/1ml
=1x10^7 kg/m^3
What are some differences between the "Steady State" and "Big Bang" theories?
Answer:
The major difference between the Big Bang theory and the steady state model is that the the big bang theory comes with the belief and idea that all the matter were created as a result of one big bang explosive beginning.
The steady state model matter however talks about matter being created at a steady rate through a specified time. The model also talks about the process being continual and is still happening till today.
why does kids have mothers
Answer: Because, as of now, there is no way to "create" a human without the "use" of a womb
Explanation:
in which situation is it acceptable for an IT professional to access corporate secrets?
Answer:
when she or she is the last hope of the surveillance or the intelligence
Answer:
B. under the guidance of a legal investigation
Explanation:
How do issues within the transgender community relate to gender roles and stereotypes
Which statement best describes the relationship of photosynthesis and energy?
The process of photosynthesis is energy-storing because the process converts light energy into chemical energy,
which is stored in the bonds of glucose.
The process of photosynthesis is energy-releasing because the process converts light energy into free energy that
can be used for cell functions.
The process of photosynthesis is energy-conserving because no energy is used throughout the process of forming
glucose and oxygen molecules.
The process of photosynthesis is energy-wasting because photosynthesis is an inefficient process that depletes the
cell of energy stored in the bonds of glucose.
Answer:
the
Explanation:
process of photosynthesis is energy releasing because the process concerts light energy into free energy that can be used for ceel function
Use the diagram and scenario to answer the constructed response question. Marcus recently visited his doctor with complaints of nausea, stomach cramps, bloating, and gas that occur approximately 45 minutes after eating ice cream, cheese, or drinking milk. The doctor’s report indicated that Marcus has an increased production of acidic toxins causing him to have an imbalanced intestinal pH. The doctor concluded he is lactose intolerant. Using claim, evidence and reasoning (CER) format, determine the macromolecule represented by lactose and describe what happens in the body when a person drinks milk, which contains lactose. You must use the terms lactose, lactase, glucose and galactose in your response. (Hint: Use the picture to explain the process.)
Answer:
well i think this has to do with lactose intolerance Explanation:
What is the Chemical formula for the molecule shown?
Answer:
NH3
Explanation:
Ammonia is a chemical compound formed by the chemical combination of Nitrogen and Hydrogen atoms. One Nitrogen and three hydrogen atoms are joined together by a covalent bond to form the ammonia compound. Hence, ammonia has a chemical formula of NH3.
Therefore, the molecule shown in the image, which is identified as ammonia has a chemical formula: NH3. Ammonia is a gaseous substance at room temperature and gives a pungent odor when inhaled.
How is a carrot an amoeba and bacterium alike
Answer:
All made of cells, All have the DNA-->RNA-->Protein method of information transfer(can't think of exact word)
Explanation:
Answer:
They are all made of cells
Explanation:
True or false? A testable question has two parts, an independent variable and a dependent variable
Answer; true
Explanation:
Predict why is blood sugar important to understanding the type of food you eat.
Answer:
Blood sugar, also known as blood glucose, comes from the food you eat. Your body creates blood sugar by digesting some food into a sugar that circulates in your bloodstream. Blood sugar is used for energy. The sugar that isn't needed to fuel your body right away gets stored in cells for later use.
Explanation:
Answer:
that isn't needed to fuel your body right away gets stored in cells for later use.
Explanation:
Simplify the following expression. (2x - 5)(6x2 - 6x - 11) A. 12x3 + 18x2 - 52x - 55 B. 12x3 - 42x2 + 8x + 55 C. 12x3 - 18x2 - 52x + 55 D. 12x3 - 42x2 + 8x - 55
Answer:
none of the following are correct.
Explanation:
the correct answer is 12x^3 - 42x^2 + 18x + 55
Answer:
None of the given answers are correct
Explanation:
Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. What specific chemical difference distinguishes carbohydrates from other large organic molecules?
Carbohydrates contain a large number of oxygen atoms which makes them different from rest of the organic molecules.
What are carbohydrates?A carbohydrate is a biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 2:1 hydrogen-oxygen atom ratio.
Carbohydrates are the chief source of energy in the body, fueling the brain, kidneys, heart muscles, a s well as central nervous system.
Fiber, for instance, is a carbohydrate that aids digestion, makes person feel full, and helps keep blood cholesterol levels in check.
Carbohydrates differ from the rest of the organic molecules in that they contain a large number of oxygen atoms.
Thus, carbohydrates can serve the very different functions of energy storage and structural support and protection due to differences in molecular structure.
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Model organisms are used to test hypothesis because:____.
Answer:
A model organism is a species that has been widely studied, usually because it is easy to maintain and breed in a laboratory setting and has particular experimental advantages. Model organisms are non-human species that are used in the laboratory to help scientists understand biological processes
Explanation:
What is a unique characteristic of stem cells that makes them important
In humans, red blood cells are the only cells that eject their nuclei as they develop. By emptying themselves of nuclei, these cells are able to do
which of the following?
replace themselves quickly when more cells are needed
transport greater amounts of oxygen and waste throughout the body
transmit electrical impulses quickly
attack bacterial pathogens more effectively
Answer:
Transport greater amounts of oxygen and waste products.
Explanation:
Not having nuclei allows the red blood cells (RBCs) to have more space for haemoglobin (Hb). Haemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying pigment in the RBCs. So more Hb means more oxygen transport.
Hb also carries carbon dioxide, a waste product.
In humans, red blood cells are the only cells that eject their nuclei as they develop, so by emptying themselves of nuclei, these cells are able to transport greater amounts of oxygen and waste throughout the body, which is the second option.
What is the function of red blood cells in humans?The human and other vertebrates have different types of blood cells, and in humans there are white blood cells and red blood cells. In red blood cells, there is no nucleus when the cell gets mature, so the red blood cells get hemoglobin at that place to carry most of the oxygen through the body and remove the carbon dioxide.
Hence, in humans, red blood cells are the only cells that eject their nuclei as they develop, so by emptying themselves of nuclei, these cells are able to transport greater amounts of oxygen and waste throughout the body, which is the second option.
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The characteristics of life help scientist study all organisms both living and extinct suck as the horse and horse ancestors shown earlier.
2. The skeletons and fossils shown in the previous illustration provide evidence for what process?
3. If you compared the skeleton of an adult horse to that of a newborn foal, what would you be studying?
4. A scientist compares the DNA sequence of Equus and Merychippus and draws conclusions about their genes and proteins. This would be an example of what characteristic of life?
Answer:
The correct answer is ;
1. evolution.
2. growth and development
3. every living organism grows or develop
Explanation:
Fossils and traces and body remain provide information about the evolution of organisms and earth was found and how much it is change from then to modern organism and modern earth.
Comparing the skeleton of an adult horse to that of newborn foal provides the information of growth and development of the bones of foal to the adult horse.
Developing or growing is the property of life which is found in every living organism and comparison of the DNA sequence of Equus and Merychippus and draws conclusions about their genes and proteins isan example of this property.
Answer:
1 evolution
2. growth and development
3. universal genetic code
Explanation: