Answer and Explanation:
The journal entries are shown below:
On January 4, 2016
Common capital (1 million × $1 per share) $1,000,000
Paid in capital excess of par (1 million × $160,000,000 ÷ $80,000,000) $2,000,000
Retained earnings (difference) $5,000,000
To Cash (1 million × $8) $8,000,000
(Being repurchase & retired shares are recorded)
On June 25,2016
Common capital (2 million × $1 per share) $2,000,000
Paid in capital excess of par ( 2 million × $2) $4,000,000
To Cash (2 million × $2) $4,000,000
To Retained earnings (difference) $2,000,000
(Being repurchase & retired shares are recorded)
the united kingdom voted to leave the european union. the white line shows the u.k's main equity index, the ftse 100
The chart below shows the FTSE 100 index from June 2016 (when the UK voted to leave the European Union) to June 2020. It shows a sharp decline in the index initially, followed by a steady recovery since then.
What is European union?The European Union (EU) is an international organization of 28 European countries that work together to promote economic, social, and political cooperation among its members. The EU was established in 1993 with the signing of the Maastricht Treaty, which created a single market, the Eurozone, and a common currency, the Euro. The EU has become the largest economy in the world, and its members benefit from the free movement of goods and services, the free movement of capital, and the free movement of people across borders. The EU also works to ensure the safety and security of its citizens, combat climate change, and promote sustainable development. The EU works in cooperation with other international organizations to promote peace and stability around the world. The EU is committed to the rule of law and democracy, and strives to uphold human rights and the principles of the United Nations Charter.
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Green Corporation earns active income of $50,000 and receives $40,000 in dividends during the year. In addition, Green incurs a loss of $70,000 from an investment in a passive activity acquired several years ago. Consider the following two statements:(1) Green's current deduction for passive activity losses is $50,000 if it is a closely held C corporation that is not a personal service corporation.(2) Green's current deduction for passive activity losses is $0 if it is a personal service corporation.Which of the following answers is correct?a.Only statement 1.b.Only statement 2.c.Both statements 1 and 2.d.Neither statement 1 or 2.
The belief is that the green corporate image is what drives the present company structures.
Both claims are accurate that
(1) If Green's company is a tightly owned C corporation that is not a personal service corporation, the current deduction for passive activity losses is $50,000.
(2) If Green is a personal service corporation, his or her current deduction for losses from passive activities is $0.
So, c is accurate.
Businesses thrive when customers and clients view them as environmentally responsible. Organizations are moving away from conducting business as usual and replacing it with sustainable operations that enhance brand values. This essay analyses some of them to demonstrate the potential value of green corporate image projects and concepts for company.
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a major goal of the export trading company (etc) act was to question 21 options: 1) allow u.s. companies to bypass tax laws with respect to international trading. 2) remove antitrust disincentives to export activities in the u.s.. 3) bypass trade barriers in foreign countries. 4) earn the highest possible profits in foreign countries. 5) combine export shipments within single containers.
A major goal of the ) act export trading company was to question remove antitrust disincentives to export activities in the USA.
Hence, Option B is correct
For local enterprises to export their goods worldwide, an export trading company (ETC) offers services like information extraction about foreign laws, regulations, and legal concerns. An ETC may be local or situated in the nation from which products are being imported.Foreign customers frequently demand that their suppliers be Private Limited Companies or Limited Liability Partnerships. Therefore, starting as a Private Limited Company, Limited Liability Partnership, or One Person Company is preferable for export firms.To know more about Export here
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Venture is a small, fast-paced software development company. Steve, the owner and manager, constantly asks his employees to give him candid feedback, both in weekly team meetings and during informal, spontaneous conversations. This leads to __________.a) more meetings and longer hoursb) more ideas and faster learningc) closed door policies and harassmentd) none of the above
If Venture's owner, Steve, regularly requests open input from his staff, more ideas will result and learning will proceed more quickly.
No matter how glitzy the "openness and honesty" banners are that are displayed in the foyer, employees are much more likely to believe the communications environment they really experience when working at the office.
This means that your organisation needs to foster a culture where management are aware of how important communication is to the business and where staff members feel free to voice their opinions.
It requires commitment and deliberate effort to open up communication, but the rewards are well worth the effort. Here's how to promote open dialogue in order to foster such an environment.
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create a folder called residential reports and store these reports there. set reports to display data for all accounts and created dates of all time unless instructed otherwise.
You may create a record type named Channel Marketing by going to Customize | Campaigns | Record Types. Create a campaign list view named Campaign Marketplace by selecting Campaigns | Create New View. The Channel Marketing record type may be used to create campaigns for your partner users.
Choose the site, then click Merchant Tools, then click Customers. To add a new client, click New on the Customers tab. To change an existing customer record, select a customer number. You can also remove one or more customers. Add or change the data on the Customer page. There are two distinct account kinds. Accounts for businesses hold data on businesses. Information about specific individuals is kept in person accounts. Specialists in business administration assist a corporation with communication, commerce, human resource administration, and accounting. Business administration professionals can handle events and administrative initiatives in addition to carrying out the duties and activities connected with secretaries.
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Ina Co had the following beginning and ending balances in its prepaid expense and accrued liabilities accounts for the current year: Prepaid expenses Accrued liabilities Beginning balance Ending balance $5,000 10,000 $8,000 20,000 Debits to operating experises totaled $100,000. What amount did Ina pay for operating expenses during the current year? © $ 83,000 O $ 93,000 O $117.000 O $107.000
The current year's operating expenses for Ina will cost $93,000.
What is operating expenses?One of the typical responsibilities that management must contend with is determining how to reduce operating expenses without significantly affecting a firm's ability to compete with its competitors.Operating expenses are necessary and unavoidable for most businesses. Some firms successfully reduce operating expenses to gain a competitive advantage and increase earnings. However, reducing operating expenses can also compromise the integrity and quality of operations. Finding the right balance can be difficult but can yield significant rewards.An income statement tracks the income and expenses of a company over a certain period to provide an image of its profitability.To learn more about profitability refer to:
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Coinsurance is the sharing of costs between the individual and the health insurance company. Which of the following statements are also true about coinsurance?
I. The maximum amount an individual must pay is called the out-of-pocket maximum.
II. Common coinsurance rates are 80/20.
III. The total coinsurance paid by an individual is capped.
IV. Is sometimes called a copay or copayment.
Group of answer choices
I, II, and III.
II, III, and IV.
I, II and IV.
I, III and IV.
The maximum amount an individual must pay is called out-of-pocket maximum and the common coinsurance rates are 80/20 are true about coinsurance.
What is coinsurance?Co-insurance, often known as coinsurance, is the division or spreading of risk across several parties in the insurance industry. Co-insurance clauses are seen in American Land Title Association owner's title insurance policy forms made between 1987 and late 2006. The second is if improvements made to the property after the insurance is issued raise its worth by at least 20% over the sum insured. The insurer will then cover a portion of the claim equal to the ratio of 120% of the amount of insurance acquired divided by the total cost of the renovations. Similar to how it is explained below for the foreign insurance market, co-insurance is also utilized by domestic title insurers in the United States.
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When the Fed regulates the electronic transfer of funds between businesses and financial institutions, it is performing its responsibility to ___________.
When the Fed regulates the electronic transfer of funds between businesses and financial institutions, it is performing its responsibility to ensure the safety and stability of the financial system.
This involves monitoring the activities of these entities to make sure they are compliant with applicable laws and regulations, such as the Bank Secrecy Act, the Truth in Lending Act, and the Fair Credit Reporting Act. The Fed also ensures that these transfers are conducted in a secure and efficient manner so that the financial system runs smoothly.
The Fed also works with other agencies, such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, to ensure that these activities are regularly monitored and supervised. By regulating the electronic transfer of funds, the Fed is helping to protect the integrity of the financial system and protect consumers from fraudulent activity.
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Sampling four pieces of precision-cut wire (to be used in computer assembly) every hour fo rhte past 24 hours has produced the following results:
HOUR x R
1 3.25" .71
2 3.1 1.18
3 3.22 1.43
4 3.39 1.26
5 3.07 1.17
6 2.86 .32
7 3.05 .53
8 2.65 1.13
9 3.02 .71
10 2.85 1.33
11 2.83 1.17
12 2.97 .4
13 3.11 .85
14 2.83 1.31
15 3.12 1.06
16 2.84 .50
17 2.86 1.43
18 2.74 1.29
19 3.41 1.61
20 2.89 1.09
21 2.65 1.08
22 3.28 .46
23 2.94 1.58
24 2.64 .97
Develop appropriate control limits and determine whether there is any cause for concern in the cutting process.
All the observations are within limit. Thus, the whole process is in statistical control.
What does statistical process control's primary goal entail?To monitor and manage the quality of a production process, statistical process control, also known as statistical quality control, is applied. Reducing waste and increasing the number of items that meet specifications, helps to ensure that the process runs effectively.
In order to assess how consistently a product adheres to its design parameters, statistical process control (SPC) is frequently employed in manufacturing and production processes. Manufacturers can get a variety of advantages by establishing consistent quality and performance, including reductions in warranty claims, rework, and scrap.
Let,
Xmean= central line of the chart and the average of past sample means, and A2= constant to provide three sigma limits for the process mean
Rmean= average of several past R values and is the central line of the control chart
D3, D2 = constants that provide three standard deviation (three-sigma) limits for a given sample size
From the provided table we get, Xmean = 2.982083, Rmean = 1.02375, n = 4 (as we are sampling 4 pieces of precision cut wire)
Using the table of control chart constraints,
D4 = 2.282, D3 = 0, A2 = 0.729
UCLR = D4×Rmean = 2.336198
LCLR = D3×Rmean= 0
UCLX= X mean +A2×Rmean = 3.728397
LCLX= Xmean-A2×Rmean = 2.23577
Thus, first we check the R chart if any observation is out of the limits UCLR and LCLR. We see that there is no observation which is out of limits.
Next, we check the x chart to see if any observation goes out of limits UCLX and LCLX.
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Which of the following best describes the difference between joint ventures and strategic alliances? Group of answer choices Establishment of a new firm Coordination problems Sharing of expertise Access to partner/s know-how
The creation of a new firm illustrates how joint ventures and strategic alliances differ from one another.
A firm is an organization that provides expert services. Depending on the situation, this can be a corporation, LLC, or partnership. Most companies only operate in one place. However, a business is made up of one or more physical locations that are all owned by the same individual and have the same employment identification number (EIN).
Numerous businesses can be referred to as "firms," including ones in the financial, consulting, marketing, and graphic design industries. When used in a title, "firm" is frequently associated with businesses that provide specialized legal and accounting services. The establishment explains how joint ventures and strategic alliances differ from one another.
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An amount of cash that a business keeps on hand for small payments or purchases is called:
answer choices
petty cash
a cash advance
an electronic funds transfer
a debit card
Option (a), a company's or organization's petty cash is the cash on hand for making little payments, purchases, and reimbursements.
Petty cash: What Is It and What Does It Do?Petty cash is the money that businesses and other organizations maintain on hand for little payments, purchases, and reimbursements. It would be challenging or inconvenient to write a check or use a credit card for these transactions, which can be anticipated or unanticipated.
What does remuneration for Petty cash mean?Use a petty cash reimbursement form to request compensation from a person or department that paid out of pocket for an unplanned departmental expenditure. The department manager must provide permission before the purchase is made.
Where on the revenue statement is petty cash listed?The balance sheet's current assets segment includes petty cash. This is due to the balance sheet's line items being arranged according to their liquidity. Due to its high liquidity, petty cash might be seen near the top of the balance sheet.
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m complete an application for life insurance but does not pay the initial premium all of these actions must occur
In order for the life insurance application to be complete, the applicant must provide the necessary information, sign the application and submit it to the insurance company. In addition, the applicant must also pay the initial premium for the policy to be activated and effective.
After the initial premium is paid, the insurance company reviews the application and, if approved, issues the policy. The policy documents will be sent to the applicant, who will then have to sign them and send them back to the insurance company. Once we receive the signed documents, the policy will become active and take effect.
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Companies sometimes convert receivables to cash before they are due by selling them or using them as security for a loan. The reasons that a company may convert receivables before their due date include: (Check all that apply.)
▢ to reduce risk of nonpayment.
▢ to satisfy customer's needs.
▢ to quickly increase profit.
▢ to quickly generate cash.
A. The reasons that a company may convert receivables before their due date include reducing the risk of non-payment.
Converting receivables to cash before they are due can be beneficial for companies for several reasons. One reason is to reduce the risk of non-payment. By converting receivables to cash prior to their due date, companies can reduce their exposure to customer defaults and ensure that they receive payment for their services or goods.
Additionally, converting receivables to cash can help to satisfy customer needs. By having cash on hand, companies can more easily provide customers with the products or services they need. Finally, converting receivables to cash can quickly increase profit and generate cash. By receiving payment for services or goods before their due date, companies can reduce their overhead costs and increase their profitability. In addition, they can use the cash they receive to finance other operations or investments.
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A(n) _______ is the pathway, such as a phone call, a letter, a memo, or face-to-face communication in a meeting, through which an encoded message is transmitted to a receiver.
answer choices
sender
medium
receiver
encoder
Option (b), an encoded message is conveyed to a receiver through a medium, such as a phone call, letter, note, or face-to-face contact in a conference.
What does an encoded message in communication mean?Ideas are translated into language through the process of encoding. The encoder transmits the message using a "medium," such as a phone call, email, text message, in-person meeting, or other communication mechanism. When a signal is encoded, multiple levels of conscious cognition are required.
What is a medium of communication?A system or channel, known as a medium in communication, is used by a speaker or writer to address their audience. It is a means of communicating meaning to an audience and can include written, oral, or nonverbal elements. A communication medium might be real-world or online.
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TRUE/FALSE. rather then rely solely on information from human resources, the department manager should periodically make an independent survey of wages for comparable positions in the community.
True, rather then rely solely on information from human resources, the department manager should periodically make an independent survey of wages for comparable positions in the community.
It is advantageous for a department manager to occasionally carry out an independent assessment of wages for comparable positions in the community rather than just relying on information from human resources. This procedure aids in ensuring that the department's pay rates are fair and in line with industry standards. The department manager can decide on employee salary more wisely if they acquire data on wages from outside sources, such as industry surveys or job advertisements. With this strategy, the manager may remain up to date on recent market trends, recruit and keep talent, and keep a competitive edge in the job market.
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the loanable funds market is currently in equilibrium at a real interest rate of r1. an increase in household savings will affect the loanable funds market in which of the following ways?
The supply of loanable funds will increase and the real interest rate will decrease.
What is the equilibrium level of income and equilibrium interest rate?When the amounts of loans that borrowers desire and the amounts of savings that savers contribute are equal, the market for loanable funds reaches equilibrium. To make these equal, the interest rate is adjusted.
A lower real interest rate caused by an increase in the supply of loanable funds boosts the demand for investment and loanable funds while decreasing the supply of private funds.
When the desired amount of money (L) equals the amount of money (M), when the MEC equals the rate of interest, and when the volume of investment equals the normal or desirable volume of saving (i.e., L = M, r = MEC, S = I), an equilibrium state (income) is obtained.
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Dependable Appliances, Inc., is a private, for-profit corporation that (1) was formed for the purpose of manufacturing and distributing a newly patented kitchen appliance, (2) is owned by five shareholders, (3) is subject to double taxation, and (4) has made no public offering of its shares. Dependable is:
O -an S corporation.
O -a close corporation.
O -a nonprofit corporation.
O -a professional corporation.
Dependable Appliances, Inc., is a close corporation. As it is owned by five shareholders, is subject to double taxation, and has made no public offering of its shares. Hence, option (B) can be considered as suitable.
Give a brief account on closed corporation.Incorporating as a closed corporation allows a partnership to receive liability protection without materially altering how the company conducts business. Due to their freedom from many reporting obligations and shareholder pressure, it can also give businesses more operational flexibility. There are numerous additional names for this type of corporate business structure, including the following:
Close corporation
Privately held company
Private company
Family corporation
Incorporated partnership
Since closed corporations are not listed for trading on any stock exchanges, the public cannot invest in them. The owners or managers of the company, and perhaps even their families, frequently own shares. The company or the surviving stockholders will buy back shares when a shareholder passes away or decides to sell their holdings.
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If the demand curve for a life-saving medicine is perfectly inelastic, then a reduction in supply will cause the equilibrium price to:
A.
rise and the equilibrium quantity to fall.
B.
rise and the equilibrium quantity to rise.
C.
rise and the equilibrium quantity to fall.
D.
stay the same and the equilibrium quantity to fall.
Explanation:
If the demand curve for a life-saving medicine is perfectly inelastic, it means that the quantity demanded does not change regardless of the price of the medicine. In this case, a reduction in supply will cause the equilibrium price to rise, because the reduced supply will lead to an increase in the price that sellers are able to charge.
However, the equilibrium quantity will fall, because the reduced supply will lead to a decrease in the total quantity of medicine that is available for purchase.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: a reduction in supply will cause the equilibrium price to rise and the equilibrium quantity to fall.
Question 1 of 10
What is an example of a fixed expense?
A. Buying a new holiday sweater
B. Replacing a flat tire
C. Paying a cell phone bill
D. Eating at a nice restaurant
An example of a fixed expense is paying a cell phone bill. The Option C is correct.
What is considered as a fixed expense in accounting?Fixed expenses are those that do not change in response to the level of activity. These expenses are usually fairly consistent, with little variation from month to month. Advertising, dues, equipment leases, insurance, and rent are examples of fixed expenses.
Within a certain range of activity, expenses tend to be fixed, but they vary outside of that range. For example, a company may rent fixed-cost administrative space; however, sales double, necessitating the addition of more staff than can fit in the existing facility, necessitating an increase in rent expense to accommodate the additional staff.
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the becker company is interested in buying a piece of equipment that it needs. the following data have been assembled concerning this equipment: cost of required equipmwnt.......$250,000 working capital required........... $100,000 annual operating cash flow........ $ 80,000 cash repair at end of 4 years .... $40,000 salvage value at end of 6 years... $90,000 this equipment is expected to have a useful life of 6 years. at the end of the sixth year the working capital would be released for use elsewhere. the company's discount rate is 10%. the present value of all future operating cash inflows is closest to: answer a. $480,000 b. $452,300 c.$348,400 d. $278,700
The present value for all the future operating cash inflows will be closest to $452,300. The Option B is correct.
What are Cash inflow?In finance, a cash inflow means the money going into a business which can be from sales, investments or financing. It is the opposite of cash outflow which means the money leaving the business.
Cash Flows
Year 0 =-$250,000 -$100,000 =-$350,000
Year 1 -3 = $80,000
Year 4 = $80,000 - $40,000 = $40,000
Year 5 = $80,000
Year 6 = $80,000 + $ 90,000 +$100,000 = $270,000
The present value for operating cash inflows:
= $80,000/1.1 + $80,000/1.1^2 + $80,000/1.1^3 + $40,000/1.1^4 + $80,000/1.1^5 + $270,000/1.1^6
=$428,350.36
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hypothetically speaking if you take out a life insurance policy and die tomorrow do beneficiaries still get paid the death benefit?
The insurance provider has additional latitude to fight or reject the beneficiary's claim if a policyholder passes away soon after purchasing life insurance.
Briefing:-Consequently, if your claim has been unfairly delayed or refused, it is even more crucial that you speak with a knowledgeable life insurance lawyer.
Can you withdraw funds from your life insurance policy before you pass away?You can withdraw money before to your death if you have a permanent life insurance policy.
What situations would prevent a life insurance policy from paying the beneficiary?There won't be a payout if you outlive your term life insurance coverage. When you apply for term life insurance, you agree that it will cover you for a particular period of time, such as 20 years. If you are still alive and well beyond that point, your policy will expire with no refund.
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which of the following approaches to submitting a recommendation to your boss focuses on a direct benefit? group of answer choices anticipating reasons for resistance. emphasizing how your idea saves the company money. backing up your suggestions with facts and evidence. stating your suggestions confidently and fairly.]
Backing up your suggestions with facts and evidence is the approach to submitting a recommendation to your boss focuses on a direct benefit.
What is the professional recommendation?
Candidates that have prior expertise in a field associated with the opportunity they are applying for use professional recommendations. Professional endorsements give hiring employers proof of a candidate's skills, work ethic, and performance in the past. Provide instances of special abilities or credentials that are appropriate for the position.
The goal of recommenders is frequently summed up as "helping the users find relevant items," and the most common operationalization of this goal has been to concentrate on the capacity to numerically estimate the users' preferences for unseen items or to present users with item lists ranked in order of preference.
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4000 Words Report
Imagine you are in charge of an organisational risk management strategy across three distinct departments of the organisation. The organisation envisions risk as, ‘potential vulnerabilities present across our security landscape leads to exposure which enables a cyber incident against the infrastructure, capability, services and applications, which leads to an impact upon Confidentiality, Integrity and/or Availability resulting in reduced resilience, reduced safety, ineffective capabilities, loss of business services, financial impact and reputational damage to UK Government’.
The risk applies to three main business domains:
1. IT & Infrastructure
2. Equipment
3. Logistics & Support services
Each business domain is managed by a separate Director, but collectively they (all three) own the risk. There is a separate Director who is accountable for the risk, and they report the status to the Executive Board throughout the year.
Given the complexity of the risk and its significant breadth and depth it’s difficult to establish a baseline level of risk exposure – a pre-mitigation level, which represents the whole business (all three domains). Defining the Risk Appetite (RA) is also challenging given the differences across the domains, the views from each Director, the level of resources available etc.
Answer:
One approach to managing the organizational risk across the three business domains could be to establish a risk management framework that aligns with the organization's vision of risk. This framework should be designed to provide a clear and consistent approach to identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks across the organization.
To establish a baseline level of risk exposure, the first step would be to conduct a thorough risk assessment across all three business domains. This assessment should identify the potential vulnerabilities and exposures in each domain, as well as the potential impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The assessment should also consider the interdependencies between the domains and the potential cascading effects of a cyber incident in one domain on the others.
Based on the results of the risk assessment, the next step would be to develop a set of risk mitigation strategies that address the identified vulnerabilities and exposures. These strategies should be tailored to the specific needs of each business domain and should be aligned with the organization's overall risk appetite. The strategies should also be prioritized based on their potential impact and the resources required to implement them.
Once the risk mitigation strategies have been developed, the next step would be to implement them and monitor their effectiveness over time. This could involve implementing new technologies, processes, or policies to reduce the organization's exposure to risk. It could also involve conducting regular assessments and audits to ensure that the strategies are effective and that any new risks are identified and addressed in a timely manner.
To establish the organization's risk appetite, the first step would be to engage with the Directors of each business domain to understand their perspectives on risk and their views on the appropriate level of risk exposure for the organization. This could involve conducting workshops or focus groups to gather input and to discuss the risks and opportunities associated with different levels of risk exposure.
Once the Directors' perspectives have been gathered, the next step would be to develop a risk appetite statement that reflects the organization's overall view on risk. This statement should be based on the results of the risk assessment and the input from the Directors, and should outline the organization's tolerance for risk and its willingness to accept certain levels of exposure to potential vulnerabilities and impacts.
To monitor and report on the organization's risk exposure, the Director accountable for the risk should establish a system for tracking and reporting on the organization's risk profile. This could involve regular reporting to the Executive Board on the status of the organization's risk mitigation strategies and the effectiveness of those strategies in reducing the organization's exposure to risk. The reports should also include any new risks that have been identified and any changes to the organization's risk appetite.
Overall, managing the organizational risk across the three business domains is a complex and challenging task.
Lewis Company reports the following fixed budget and actual results for May. Prepare a flexible budget performance report showing variances between budgeted and actual results. (Indicate the effect of the variance by selecting favorable, unfavorable, or no variance.) fixed budgeted actual results sales (units produced and sold) 1,200 1,400 sales (in dollars) $ 300 per unit $ 435,000 variable costs $ 120 per unit $ 172,000 fixed costs $ 125,000 $ 122,000
Net Income for flexible budget is $127,000, actual results is $141,000, variances is $14,000 and the result is favourable.
Give a brief account on fixed budget.A fixed budget is a financial strategy without adjustments for changes in real activity. Due to the fact that it is simpler to create than a flexible budget, it is the form of budget that is most frequently employed. The only circumstances where a fixed budget is likely to come close to actual results are when costs are mostly fixed, so that expenses do not change as revenues fluctuate, or when the industry is not subject to much change, so that revenues are reasonably predictable, or when the company is in a monopoly situation, where customers are forced to accept its pricing. A flexible budget, which is intended to adjust in response to changes in activity levels, is the opposite of a set budget.
To solve the question :
LEWIS Co.
Flexible budget performance report
For month ended May 31
Flexible budget Actual results Variances Result
Sales $420,000 $435,000 $15,000 Fav
(1400*$300)
Variable expense $168,000 $172,000 $4,000 Unfav
(1400*$120)
Contribution.
margin $252,000 $263,000 $11,000 Fav
Fixed cost $125,000 $122,000 $3,000 Fav
Net Income $127,000 $141,000 $14,000 Fav
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Imagine you are in charge of an organisational risk management strategy across three distinct departments of the organisation. The organisation envisions risk as, ‘potential vulnerabilities present across our security landscape leads to exposure which enables a cyber incident against the infrastructure, capability, services and applications, which leads to an impact upon Confidentiality, Integrity and/or Availability resulting in reduced resilience, reduced safety, ineffective capabilities, loss of business services, financial impact and reputational damage to UK Government’.
The risk applies to three main business domains:
1. IT & Infrastructure
2. Equipment
3. Logistics & Support services
Each business domain is managed by a separate Director, but collectively they (all three) own the risk. There is a separate Director who is accountable for the risk, and they report the status to the Executive Board throughout the year.
Given the complexity of the risk and its significant breadth and depth it’s difficult to establish a baseline level of risk exposure – a pre-mitigation level, which represents the whole business (all three domains). Defining the Risk Appetite (RA) is also challenging given the differences across the domains, the views from each Director, the level of resources available etc.
Considering all of the above, answer the following questions,
1. How would a baseline risk level be established? How ISMS and FAIR can be applicable to organisation.
2. What approach could be taken to define a risk assessment and can a single approach work or it will be more appropriate to individually assess for each domain? Along with risk analysis and treatment strategies.
3. How would the effectiveness of controls (risk response) be measured? What can be risk quantification measures and metrics? How to monitor ongoing (residual) risk?
You are expected to use risk assessment methodologies as covered in this module with critical reflection on your choice of risk methodology, and its strengths and limitations.
You have the freedom to select the risk assessment approach.
Answer:
1. Establishing a baseline risk level involves conducting a risk assessment to identify the potential vulnerabilities, exposures, and impacts within the organisation. This can be done using a risk assessment methodology such as the ISO 27001 Information Security Management System (ISMS) or the Factor Analysis of Information Risk (FAIR). The ISMS provides a framework for managing and protecting sensitive information, while FAIR is a quantitative approach for analyzing and comparing risks. Both of these methods can be applied to the organisation to identify the baseline level of risk exposure.
2. To define a risk assessment and determine the appropriate approach, it is important to consider the specific characteristics of each business domain. A single approach may not be suitable for all three domains, as they may have different levels of risk and require different risk assessment methods. It may be necessary to individually assess each domain and develop a tailored risk assessment and treatment strategy for each. This can be done using a combination of qualitative and quantitative risk assessment methods, such as scenario analysis and Monte Carlo simulations.
3. The effectiveness of controls (risk response) can be measured by comparing the actual results of the risk treatment measures to the expected outcomes. This can be done using metrics such as the cost-benefit ratio, the likelihood of occurrence, and the impact on the organisation's objectives. Risk quantification measures and metrics can also be used to assess the ongoing (residual) risk and monitor it over time. These may include measures such as the annual loss expectancy and the expected loss value.
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Explanation:
with the lowest total cost method (ltc), the goal is to determine the least expensive purchase option, which is the option with the smallest negative net present value (npv).
It's accurate to say this. The objective of the lowest total cost approach (LTC) is to identify the most affordable purchase choice, which is the one with the least negative net present value (NPV).
Is a lower NPV preferred?If your calculation results in a negative net present value, the money obtained in the future won't be worth more than the cost of the initial investment. The investment might not be a good one if the net present value is negative since you might not turn a profit.
Using the lowest overall cost strategy, you obtain the most affordable project (LTC). ideal for companies whose fixed assets need to be replaced often.
utilizes the time value of money to retroactively discount current costs and benefits to those that will come in the future.
There is no chance of a positive NPV while using LTC. The goal is to identify the purchasing choice with the lowest negative NPV and thus lowest cost.
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last year, T-Bills returned 2.2 percent while your investment in large company stocks earned an average of 8.1 percent, which one of the following terms refers to the difference between these two rates of return?
O risk premium
O geometric average return
O arthimetic avg return
O standard deviation
O variance
The difference between these two rates of return is referred to as the risk premium.
What is rates of return?Rates of return are the amount of money earned from an investment over a period of time, expressed as a percentage of the amount invested. Rates of return are used to measure performance and compare investments. These returns can be positive or negative, and can include income from dividends, capital gains or losses, or other sources. Generally, higher rates of return are desired, as they may indicate higher potential profits. Investment decisions should be made with a full understanding of the potential risks associated with the investment.
Risk premium is the difference between the return on an investment with a certain level of risk and the return on a risk-free investment. In this case, the risk premium would be 5.9 percent (8.1%-2.2%).
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Zenith Investment Company is considering the purchase of an office property. It has done an extensive market analysis and has estimated that based on current market supply/demand relationships, rents, and its estimate of operating expenses, annual NOI will be as follows:
The amount of NOI from the property will be a key factor in determining whether or not it is a good investment for Zenith Investments. Knowing the expected NOI from the office property will help the company in deciding whether or not to buy the property.
Net operating income (NOI) is an important indicator of the financial performance of a real estate investment. It is calculated by subtracting the operating costs from the total income generated by the properties. In the case of Zenith Investment Company, it has done extensive market analysis and estimated that the annual NOI for a potential office property will be a certain amount. This analysis takes into account current market supply and demand conditions, rents and estimated operating costs.
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Use each of these key terms to best complete the following sentences. Use each term no more than once. Intuition Scientific method Hypothesis Theory Independent variable Dependent variable Correlation Meta-analysis Global replication The variable predicted to be affected by something else A statistical technique used to combine the results of many different research studies done in a variety of organizations and for a variety of jobs Relying on an understanding of many of the norms, expectations, and behaviors of others learned from living and working with them A collection of verbal and symbolic assertions that specify how and why variables are related, and the conditions under which they should and should not relate The size and strength of the statistical relationship between two variables Relies on systematic studies that identify and replicate a result using a variety of methods, samples, and settings
Intuition relies on an understanding of many of the norms, expectations, and behaviors of others learned from living and working with them.
The scientific method relies on systematic studies that identify and replicate a result using a variety of methods, samples, and settings. A hypothesis is a collection of verbal and symbolic assertions that specify how and why variables are related, and the conditions under which they should and should not relate.
A theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is acquired through the scientific method. An independent variable is a variable used to measure the effect of the independent variable.
A dependent variable is a variable predicted to be affected by something else. Correlation is the size and strength of the statistical relationship between two variables.
A meta-analysis is a statistical technique used to combine the results of many different research studies done in a variety of organizations and for a variety of jobs. Global replication is the replication of the study’s results in different contexts.
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Assume a portfolio contains stocks of 25 different companies, and the weights of each are unequal. Also assume the various potential economic states have unequal likelihoods of occurring. Which one of the following statements is accurate?
O The weights of the individual securities have no effect on the expected return of a portfolio when multiple states of the economy are involved.
O Changing the probabilities of occurrence for the various economic states will not affect the expected standard deviation of the portfolio.
O The standard deviation of the portfolio will be greater than the highest standard deviation of any single security in the portfolio given that the individual securities are well diversified.
O Given the unequal weights of both the securities and the economic states, the standard deviation of the portfolio must equal that of the overall market.
O Given both the unequal weights of the securities and the economic states, an investor might be able to create a portfolio that has an expected standard deviation of zero.
An investor might be able to construct a portfolio with an expected standard deviation of zero given the unequal weights of the assets and the economic conditions.
Which of the following claims about a portfolio's standard deviation is true?Changing the weights of the securities in a portfolio is a common way to reduce the standard deviation of the portfolio.
What is the beta of a portfolio that comprises of the following?According to the relative weights of the investments in the portfolio, the beta of a portfolio is the weighted average of the betas of the individual assets.
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