Answer:
Citizen suits allow an individual to do all of the following except __prevent the citizen from bringing a lawsuit against the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)___.
Answer:
prevent the citizen from bringing a lawsuit against the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Explanation:
i got it right
Maxim manufactures a hamster food product called Green Health. Maxim currently has 11,500 bags of Green Health on hand. The variable production costs per bag are $2.10 and total fixed costs are $13,000. The hamster food can be sold as it is for $10.00 per bag or be processed further into Premium Green and Green Deluxe at an additional cost. The additional processing will yield 11,500 bags of Premium Green and 3,300 bags of Green Deluxe, which can be sold for $9 and $7 per bag, respectively. Assuming Maxim further processes Green Health further into Premium Green and Green Deluxe, revenue from the two products would be:
Answer:
$126,600
Explanation:
Calculation to determine what the revenue from the two products would be:
Venue if processed further:
Premium Green (11,500 bags * $9 per bag) $ 103,500
Green Deluxe (3,300 bags * $7 per bag) $23,100
Total revenue if processed further $ 126,600
($103,500+$23,100)
Therefore Assuming Maxim further processes Green Health further into Premium Green and Green Deluxe, revenue from the two products would be:$126,600
Superior has provided the following information for its recent year of operation: The common stock account balance at the beginning of the year was $11,000 and the year-end balance was $15,500. The additional paid-in capital account balance increased $3,600 during the year. The retained earnings balance at the beginning of the year was $65,000 and the year-end balance was $90,000. Net income was $37,000. How much were Superior's dividend declarations during its recent year of operation
Answer:
$12,000
Explanation:
Given the above information, we will apply the formula below:
The ending balance of retained earnings = Beginning balance of retained earnings + Net income - Dividend paid
$90,000 = $65,000 + $37,000 - Dividend paid
Dividend paid = $65,000 + $37,000 - $90,000
Dividend paid = $12,000
Therefore, the above balance of $12,000 would be displayed in the retained earnings statment
Metlock Mining Company purchased land on February 1, 2020, at a cost of $1,101,100. It estimated that a total of 58,200 tons of mineral was available for mining. After it has removed all the natural resources, the company will be required to restore the property to its previous state because of strict environmental protection laws. It estimates the fair value of this restoration obligation at $112,500. It believes it will be able to sell the property afterwards for $125,000. It incurred developmental costs of $250,000 before it was able to do any mining. In 2020, resources removed totaled 29,100 tons. The company sold 21,340 tons.
Compute the following information for 2020.
(a) Per unit mineral cost: _______
(b) Total material cost of December 31, 2020, inventory:_______
(c) Total material cost in cost of goods sold at December 31, 2020:_______
Answer and Explanation:
The computation is shown below;
(a)
Purchase price of Land $1,101,100
Add: Fair value of restoration $112,500
Less: residual value -$125,000
Developmental costs $250,000
Total $1,388,600
Divided by Tons available for mining 58,200
Per unit Material cost $23.00
(b) Inventory $178,480 (29100 - 21340) × $23
(c ) Cost of goods sold $490,820 (21340 × $23)
Carr Company is considering two capital investment proposals. Estimates regarding each project are provided below:
Project Soup Project Nuts
Initial investment $400,000 $600,000
Annual net income 30,000 46,000
Net annual cash inflow 110,000 146,000
Estimated useful life 5 years 6 years
Salvage value -0- -0-
The company requires a 10% rate of return on all new investments.
Present Value of an Annuity of 1
Periods 9% 10% 11% 12%
5 3.890 3.791 3.696 3.605
6 4.486 4.355 4.231 4.111
The net present value for Project Nuts is
QUESTION 2:
Benet Division of United Refinery Company's operating results include: controllable margin, $200,000; sales $2,200,000; and operating assets, $800,000. The Benet Division's ROI is 25%. Management is considering a project with sales of $100,000, variable expenses of $60,000, fixed costs of $40,000; and an asset investment of $150,000. Should management accept this new project?
A) Yes, since ROI will increase.
B) No, since ROI will be lowered.
C) Yes, since additional sales always mean more customers.
D) No, since loss will be incurred.
QUESTION 3:
The standard number of hours that should have been worked for the output attained is 10,000 direct labor hours and the actual number of direct labor hours worked was 10,500. If the direct labor price variance was $10,500 unfavorable, and the standard rate of pay was $12 per direct labor hour, what was the actual rate of pay for direct labor?
QUESTION 4:
A company's planned activity level for next year is expected to be 100,000 machine hours. At this level of activity, the company budgeted the following manufacturing overhead costs:
Variable
Fixed
Indirect materials $120,000 Depreciation $50,000
Indirect labor 160,000 Taxes 10,000
Factory supplies 20,000 Supervision 40,000
A flexible budget prepared at the 90,000 machine hours level of activity would show total manufacturing overhead costs of:__________
QUESTION 5:
Cleaners, Inc. is considering purchasing equipment costing $60,000 with a 6-year useful life. The equipment will provide cost savings of $14,600 and will be depreciated straight-line over its useful life with no salvage value. Cleaners requires a 10% rate of return.
Present Value of an Annuity of 1
Period 8% 9% 10% 11% 12% 15%
6 4.623 4.486 4.355 4.231 4.111 3.784
What is the approximate profitability index associated with this equipment?
Answer:
1. $35,830
2. B) No, since ROI will be lowered.
3. $13 per DL
Explanation:
1. Present value of inflows = $146,000*Present value of annuity factor (10%,6)
Present value of inflows = $146,000 * 4.355
Present value of inflows = $635,830
Net present value = Present value of inflows - Present value of outflows
Net present value = ($635,830 - $600,000)
Net present value = $35,830.
So, the net present value for Project Nuts is $35,830.
2. ROI = Net income / Investment
ROI = (100000-60000-40000) / 150000
ROI = 0%
The ROI required is 25%. Hence, the new project should not be accepted as ROI will be lowered.
3. Direct labor price Variance = Actual hours (AR - SR)
$10,500 = 10,500 (AR - $12)
$10,500 = 10,500 AR - $126,000
AR = $10,500 + $126,000 /10,500
AR = $13 per direct labor hour.
So, the actual rate of pay for direct labor is $13 per DLH.
Vextra Corporation is considering the purchase of new equipment costing $35,000. The projected annual cash inflow is $11,000, to be received at the end of each year. The machine has a useful life of 4 years and no salvage value. Vextra requires a 12% return on its investments. The present value of an annuity of $1 for different periods follows: Periods 12% 1 0.8929 2 1.6901 3 2.4018 4 3.0373 Compute the net present value of this investment.
Answer:
$-1589.16
Explanation:
Net present value is the present value of after-tax cash flows from an investment less the amount invested.
NPV can be calculated using a financial calculator
Cash flow in year 0 = $-35,000.
Cash flow in year 1 to 4 = $11,000
I = 12%
NPV = $-1589.16
To find the NPV using a financial calculator:
1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
2. after inputting all the cash flows, press the NPV button, input the value for I, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
3. Press compute
The rate established at the beginning of a period that uses estimated overhead and an allocation factor such as estimated direct labor, and that is used to assign overhead cost to jobs, is the: Multiple Choice Predetermined overhead rate. Overhead variance rate. Estimated labor cost rate. Chargeable overhead rate. Miscellaneous overhead rate.
Answer:
Predetermined overhead rate
Explanation:
The predetermined overhead rate is the rate that is computed by taking the estimated manufacturing overhead and the same would be divided by allocation factor that could be estimated direct labor, estimated direct hours, etc in order to assign the overhead cost
So according to the given situation, the first option is correct i.e. predetermined overhead rate
Envision Company has a target return on capital of 12 percent. The following financial information is available for October ($ thousands):
Software Division (Value Base) Consulting Division (Value Base) Venture Capital Division (Value Base)
Book Current Book Current Book Current
Sales $150,000 $150,000 $250,000 $250,000 $850,000 $850,000
Income 17,750 17,200 21,900 25,520 62,230 57,420
Assets 70,000 90,000 100,000 110,000 610,000 590,000
Liabilities 10,000 10,000 14,000 14,000 40,000 40,000
Required:
a. Compute the return on investment using both book and current values for each division.
b. Compute the residual income for both book and current values for each division.
Answer:
Envision Company
Software Division Consulting Division Venture Capital Division
(Value Base) (Value Base) (Value Base)
Book Current Book Current Book Current
a) Return on investment
= 25.3% 19% 21.9% 23.2% 10.2% 9.7%
b) Residual income = operating income - (minimum required return x operating assets)
= 9,350 6,400 9,900 12,320 (10,970) (13,380)
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Target return on capital = 12%
Software Division Consulting Division Venture Capital Division
(Value Base) (Value Base) (Value Base)
Book Current Book Current Book Current
Sales $150,000 $150,000 $250,000 $250,000 $850,000 $850,000
Income 17,750 17,200 21,900 25,520 62,230 57,420
Assets 70,000 90,000 100,000 110,000 610,000 590,000
Liabilities 10,000 10,000 14,000 14,000 40,000 40,000
Software Division Consulting Division Venture Capital Division
(Value Base) (Value Base) (Value Base)
Book Current Book Current Book Current
a) Return on investment = Income/Assets * 100
= 25.3% 19% 21.9% 23.2% 10.2% 9.7%
b) Residual income = operating income - (minimum required return x operating assets)
Minimum required returns (in dollar value) = 12% of Assets:
= 8,400 10,800 12,000 13,200 73,200 70,800
Residual income
= 9,350 6,400 9,900 12,320 (10,970) (13,380)
What is one of the best known functions of The Consumer Product Safety Commission?
O product recalls
O identity theft damage repair
O food safety
Ofree credit reports
Answer:
product recalls
Explanation:
Note, the Consumer Product Safety Commission is an agency that is concerned with consumer product safety in general regardless of whether they are food-related products or not.
Hence, this agency among its stated primary objectives on its official website includes carrying out product recalls where necessary.
POV: I'm the quiet kid
*pulls out AK - 47*
Answer:
POV : Rest Of The Class Run's And *Pumped Up Kicks* Stars Playing In The Background!!
stop, im both quiet and emo kid, us quiet kids arent actually like that even tho i as a quiet kid myself actually enjoy those memes cuz i like seeing those popular kids and the bullys get destroyed by us
Select the correct answer.
At the end of the year, Clean123 Inc. has a service revenue of $193,750, an accounts payable of $500, a notes payable of $ 17,800, a salaries
expense of $26,900, and a rent expense of $14,640. What is Clean123 Inc.'s net income?
ОА.
$134,410
OB.
$152,210
OC. $161,310
OD. $166,850
Reset
Next
Answer: $152,210
Explanation:
The net income is the income that remains after the expenses has been deducted from the revenue.
Clean123 Inc.'s net income will be calculated as:
Service revenue = $193,750
Less: Salaries expense = $26,900
Less: rent expense = $14,640.
Net income = $152,210
Therefore, the net income is $152210
Use the following table:
Present Value of an Annuity of 1
Period 8% 9% 10%
1 0.926 0.917 0.909
2 1.783 1.759 1.736
3 2.577 2.531 2.487
A company has a minimum required rate of return of 9%. It is considering investing in a project which costs $450000 and is expected to generate cash inflows of $200000 at the end of each year for three years. The net present value of this project is:________
a. $100000.
b. $506200.
c. $56200.
Answer:
c. $56,200
Explanation:
The cash inflows = $200,000, r = required rate of return = 9%, n = number of years = 3
Present Value of Annuity Factor (9%,3) = 2.531
Net Present Value of the Project = Cash inflows * Present Value of Annuity Factor (r,n) - Cost of Project
Net Present Value of the Project = ($200,000 * 2.531) - $450,000
Net Present Value of the Project = $506,200 - $450,000
Net Present Value of the Project = $56,200
As a result of recent downsizing at his firm, Dominic lost his job as an IT manager for a large telecommunications company. A true, self-confirmed computer nerd, Dominic knew that several of his past contacts often outsourced their computer problems. He decided it was a good time to test the waters and see if he could secure enough computer clients to be in business for himself. His success demonstrated that
Answer:
The responses to the given question can be defined as follows:
Explanation:
Dominic quit his position as an IT manager for the largest telecommunication company despite a brief downsizing in her corporation. A genuine, self-confirmed nerd of a machine, Dominic realized that several of his past connections often subcontracted problems. He decided to try out all the water to find out whether he could secure and/or computer clients to be in the company. His performance has shown that effective major firms also generate lucrative support for young businesses. He could consider outsourcing jobs from large companies. It shows that big companies are supplying the small company with jobs, that's why the correct choice is "successful big businesses often create profitable opportunities for small businesses".
what are the Computer Design problems and their solutions?
How do you deal with your distraction
Answer:
Proven Strategies for Overcoming Distractions
Put yourself in distraction-free mode. ...
Set three main objectives every day. ...
Give yourself a shorter time frame. ...
Monitor your mind wandering. ...
Train your brain by making a game out of it. ...
Take on more challenging work. ...
Break the cycle of stress and distraction.
Answer:
sticking to a schedule and taking breaks and get away from the thing that distracts u
i also like to put music when im
doing my work so that it wont get boring
Explanation:
Brewsters, a ice cream company, has been fairly successful in its market. Lydia sees an opportunity for profit and enters the market. After producing her profit-maximizing level of output, she finds that her average total cost per unit is $5, her average variable cost per unit is $3, and the market price is $2.50. In the short run, Lydia should Choose one: A. expand production because she is making a positive economic profit.
Answer:
A. shut down her business.
Explanation:
Given that
The average overall cost per unit is $5
The average variable cost per unit is $3
And, the market price per unit is $2.50
Based on the above information
In the short run, the lydia should shut down her business as the total cost is more than the market price due to which the company is suffering the loss instead of the profit
Therefore the correct option is a.
Marian Corporation has two separate divisions that operate as profit centers. The following information is available for the most recent year: Black Division Navy Division Sales (net) $ 1,000,000 $ 370,000 Salary expense 25,000 45,000 Cost of goods sold 120,000 156,000 The Black Division occupies 18,000 square feet in the plant. The Navy Division occupies 27,000 square feet. Rent is an indirect expense and is allocated based on square footage. Rent expense for the year was $45,000. Compute departmental income for the Black and Navy Divisions, respectively. (Do not round your intermediate computations)
Every good speaker adapts to the audience. When adapting presentations for intercultural audiences, most people understand that they must make the basic language adaptations; however, more fundamental sensitivity is sometimes needed in relation to organization, speaking conventions, values, and nonverbal communication. When addressing cross-cultural audiences:__________.
a. use first names
b. anticipate differing expectations
c. deliver your main point first
What should you do when adjusting multimedia slides to intercultural audiences?
a. Progress through your slides rapidly.
b. Use a little more text than usual in your slides.
c. Put very little information in your slides.
Answer: 1. anticipate differing expectations
2. Use a little more text than usual in your slides.
Explanation:
1. Based on the fact that the presentation is for intercultural audiences, it is important for the speaker to anticipate differing expectations. The audience have different values, languages etc and their opinions and expectations may be quite different.
2. During the adjustment of multimedia slides to intercultural audiences, it's important to use a little more text than usual in your slides. This is vital so that the audience can comprehend the message that's being passed across. Progressing through the slides rapidly isn't ideal and there should be detailed information in the slides.
Your firm needs a computerized machine tool lathe which costs $51,000 and requires $12,100 in maintenance for each year of its 3-year life. After three years, this machine will be replaced. The machine falls into the MACRS 3-year class life category. Assume a tax rate of 34 percent and a discount rate of 11 percent. If the lathe can be sold for $5,100 at the end of year 3, what is the after-tax salvage value
Answer:
$4,650.89
Explanation:
Year Depreciation rate Depreciation Book Value
(51000*Rate)
1 33.33% $16,998.30 $34,001.70
2 44.45% $22,669.50 $11,332.20
3 14.81% $7,553.10 $3,779.10
4 7.41% $3,779.10
100% $51,000
Sale Value $5,100
Book Value at end of 3 years $3,779.10
Net Gain on Sale $1,320.90
Tax On Gain = $1320.90*0.34
Tax On Gain = $449.11
After-tax salvage value = $5100 - $449.11
After-tax salvage value = $4,650.89
Suppose the working-age population of a fictional economy falls into the following categories:
75 have full-time employment; 25 have part-time employment; 20 do not have employment, but are actively looking for employment; and 10 people are stay at home parents.
(1) What is the size of Labor force?
(2) What is the Unemployment rate?
Answer:
The right solution is:
(a) 120
(b) 20%
Explanation:
Given that,
Full time employed,
= 75
Part time employed,
= 25
Total unemployed,
= 20
(a)
The total employed will be:
= [tex]Full \ time + Part \ time[/tex]
= [tex]75+25[/tex]
= [tex]100[/tex]
Now,
Labor force will be:
= [tex]Total \ employed+Total \ unemployed[/tex]
= [tex]100+20[/tex]
= [tex]120[/tex]
(b)
The unemployment rate will be:
= [tex]\frac{Total \ unemployment}{Labor \ force}\times 100[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{20}{100}\times 100[/tex]
= [tex]0.2\times 100[/tex]
= [tex]20[/tex] (%)
Lando Calrissian just won the lottery and is trying to decide between the options of receiving the annual cash flow payment option of $330,000 per year for 25 years beginning today, or receiving one lump-sum amount today. Lando can earn 4% investing this money. At what lump-sum payment amount would he be indifferent between the two alternatives
Answer:
the lump-sum payment amount would he be indifferent between the two alternatives is $5,361,497.79
Explanation:
The computation of the lump-sum payment amount would be shown below:
= Annual cash flow per year × present value of annuity due factor at 4% for 25 years
= $330,000 × 16.246963
= $5,361,497.79
Refer the present value of annuity due factor table for the same
hence, the lump-sum payment amount would he be indifferent between the two alternatives is $5,361,497.79
How many people started new businesses in 2011 according to the Kauffman Foundation?
A) 5%
B) 320 of every 100,000 adults in this country
C) 350 of every 100,000 adults in this country
D) 320,000
Answer:
B) 320 of every 100,000 Adults in this country.
Explanation: this is correct!
What is e- marketing
Answer:
marketing online pretty much
A good example of backward vertical integration is a: A. global public accounting firm acquiring a small local or regional public accounting firm. B. hospital opening up a nursing home for the aged. C. large supermarket chain getting into convenience food stores. D. railroad company acquiring a trucking company specializing in long-haul freight. E. crude oil refinery purchasing a firm engaged in drilling and exploring for oil.
Answer: E. crude oil refinery purchasing a firm engaged in drilling and exploring for oil.
Explanation:
Backward integration occurs when Company A acquires Company B because Company B produces the inputs that goes into the manufacturing of the goods produced by Company A.
In the scenario in option E, a crude oil refinery produces goods such as gasoline and other types of fuel but they do this by refining crude oil which is what the firm that they purchased is engaged in acquiring. This is therefore backward integration.
Problem 11-11 Calculating Operating Leverage [LO4] At an output level of 62,000 units, you calculate that the degree of operating leverage is 3.7. The output rises to 67,000 units. What will the percentage change in operating cash flow be? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Will the new level of operating leverage be higher or lower?
Answer:
Percentage change in sales = [(Ending value - Beginning value) / Beginning value] * 100
Percentage change in sales = [($67,000 - $62,000) / $62,000] * 100
Percentage change in sales = 0.080645
Percentage change in sales = 8.0645%
Percentage change in OCF = Percentage change in sales * Degree of operating leverage
Percentage change in OCF = 8.0645% * 3.7
Percentage change in OCF = 29.84%
Will the new level of operating leverage be higher or lower?
As the sales increase, contribution margin will remain constant but operating margin percentage will rise. Therefore, this leads to fall in operating leverage.
When Argentina fixed the exchange rate of their peso to the U.S. dollar, one outcome was: Group of answer choices Argentinean central bankers effectively gave control of their domestic interest rate to the FOMC. Argentinean central bankers regained control of their domestic interest rate. Argentinean central bankers were finally able to focus their attention on domestic monetary policy. Argentineans began using the U.S. dollar for all of their transactions.
Answer: Argentinean central bankers effectively gave control of their domestic interest rate to the FOMC.
Explanation:
The Federal Open Market Committee(FOMC) is a committee of the Federal Reserve which influences the interest rate in the country by engaging in Open Market Operations (OMO). In doing so, they also influence the value of the dollar which is the currency of the U.S.
By pegging the Argentine Peso to the U.S. dollar, the Argentines effectively gave control of their domestic interest rate to the FOMC because the FOMC in deciding the interest rate for the U.S. and therefore the dollar, will be deciding for any other currency that moves exactly as the dollar does which is what the Peso is now going to do.
The outcome was that Argentinean central bankers effectively gave control of their domestic interest rate to the FOMC.
The Federal Open Market Committee is a committee of the Federal Reserve which influences the interest rate in the country by engaging in Open Market Operations (OMO).
Now, by pegging the Argentine Peso to the U.S. dollar, the Argentines will effectively gave control of their interest rate to the Federal Open Market Committee for interest rate decision, therefore, will be deciding for any other currency that moves exactly as the dollar does.Hence, the Option A is correct because the outcome was that Argentinean central bankers effectively gave control of their domestic interest rate to the FOMC.
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Mighty Safe Fire Alarm is currently buying 58,000 motherboards from MotherBoard, Inc., at a price of $63 per board. Mighty Safe is considering making its own boards. The costs to make the board are as follows: direct materials, $29 per unit; direct labor, $10 per unit; and variable factory overhead, $15 per unit. Fixed costs for the plant would increase by $81,000. Which option should be selected and why
Answer:
don't know need points cbmxbmdhdgsajgshkfkhdlhbxhndgkgk
the retained earnings of a corporation is ________. a. internally generated equity that is received from employee stock purchases b. externally generated equity that is acquired from banks and other creditors c. externally generated equity that is contributed by shareholders d. internally generated equity that is earned by profitable operations that is not distributed to stockholders
Answer:
internally generated equity that is earned by profitable operations that is not distributed to stockholders
Explanation:
Retained Earnings
This is simply known as an account used by a corporation to give a short breakdown or summary of the earned capital component of its shareholders' equity. Mathematically or primarily, it consist of the cumulative amount of net income over the life of the corporation, minus the cumulative amount of dividends that is paid out to shareholders.
It is often classified as stockholders equity account. It is a permanent or real account, as opposed to a temporary-equity or nominal account. Both cash dividends and stock dividends reduces retained earnings.
Martha has just started a small retail store in the city. There are popular and older retailers in the same locality. In the first two months, people have been reluctant to walk into Martha’s retail store. They seem to be happy with the more established retailers, even though Martha’s business delivers quality products. Which barrier to entry is Martha experiencing as a first-time entrepreneur? A. She does not gain the benefits of economies of scale. B. Her competitors enjoy good brand loyalty. C. She does not have sufficient capital to fund her business. D. She does not have access to the right distribution channels.
Answer:
B: Her competitors enjoy good brand loyalty
Explanation:
Plato
A company with 82,146 authorized shares of $5 par common stock issued 31,717 shares at $14 per share. Subsequently, the company declared a 2% stock dividend on a date when the market price was $26 a share. What is the amount transferred from the retained earnings account to paid-in capital accounts as a result of the stock dividend
Answer:
$16,492.84
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the amount transferred from the retained earnings account to paid-in capital accounts as a result of the stock dividend
Amount transferred to Paid-in capital accounts=(Common stock*Stock dividend declared percentage)*Market price
Let plug in the formula
Amount transferred to Paid-in capital accounts=(31,717 shares*2%)*$26 per share
Amount transferred to Paid-in capital accounts=634.34*$26 per share
Amount transferred to Paid-in capital accounts=$16,492.84
Therefore the amount transferred from the retained earnings account to paid-in capital accounts as a result of the stock dividend is $16,492.84
A natural experiment is a chance occurrence that mimics a randomized controlled trial. In order to analyze causal effects from natural experiments, economists make use of a statistical method known as instrumental variables, in which one variable from a natural experiment is used as an instrument for a particular independent variable of interest. Assume the independent variable of interest is x1 and the dependent variable in a regression is y. Which of the following represent necessary characteristics of a suitable instrument?
a. The instrument has at least 200 observations
b. The instrument is correlated with
c. The instrument has a conditional mean of zero
d. The instrument does not directly influence y, except through
Answer: b. The instrument is correlated with x1.
d. The instrument does not directly influence y, except through x1.
Explanation:
Based on the information given in the question, the necessary characteristics of a suitable instrument include:
• The instrument is correlated with x1.
• The instrument does not directly influence y, except through x1.
Some of the criteria for an instrument variable are the fact that it should have a causal effect on independent variable and also the dependent variable isn't directly affected except through the independent variable which is x1 in this scenario.
Therefore, the correct option are B and D.