Answer:
This year initiates the commemoration of the Sesquicentennial of the Civil War. This is an occasion for serious reflection on a war that killed some 600,000 of our citizens and left many hundreds of thousands emotionally and physically scarred. Translated into today’s terms – our country is ten times more populous than it was then -- the dead would number some 6 million, with tens of millions more wounded, maimed, and psychologically damaged. The price was indeed catastrophic.
As a Southerner with ancestors who fought for the Confederacy, I have been intrigued with the question of why my ancestors felt compelled to leave the United States and set up their own country. What brought the American experiment to that extreme juncture?
The short answer, of course, is Abraham Lincoln’s election as president of the United States. What concerned Southerners most about Lincoln’s election was his opposition to the expansion of slavery into the territories; Southern politicians were clear about that. If new states could not be slave states, went the argument, then it was only a matter of time before the South’s clout in Congress would fade, abolitionists would be ascendant, and the South’s “peculiar institution” – the right to own human beings as property – would be in peril.
It is easy to understand why slave owners would be concerned about the threat, real or imagined, that Lincoln posed to slavery. But what about those Southerners who did not own slaves? Why would they risk their livelihoods by leaving the United States and pledging allegiance to a new nation grounded in the proposition that all men are not created equal, a nation established to preserve a type of property that they did not own?
In order to find an answer to this question, please travel back with me to the South of 1860. Let’s put ourselves into the skin of Southerners who lived there then. That’s what being an historian is about: putting yourself into the minds of people who lived in another time to understand things from their perspective, from their point of view. Let’s set aside what people said and wrote later, after the dust had settled. Let’s wipe the historic slate clean and visit the South of 150 years ago through the documents that survive from that time. What were Southerners saying to other Southerners about why they had to secede?
There is, of course, a historical backdrop that formed the foundation of experience for Southerners in 1860. More than 4 million enslaved human beings lived in the south, and they touched every aspect of the region’s social, political, and economic life. Slaves did not just work on plantations. In cities such as Charleston, they cleaned the streets, toiled as bricklayers, carpenters, blacksmiths, bakers, and laborers. They worked as dockhands and stevedores, grew and sold produce, purchased goods and carted them back to their masters’ homes where they cooked the meals, cleaned, raised the children, and tended to the daily chores. “Charleston looks more like a Negro country than a country settled by white people,” a visitor remarked.
Fear of a slave rebellion was palpable. The establishment of a black republic in Haiti and the insurrections, threatened and real, of Gabriel Prosser, Denmark Vesey, and Nat Turner stoked the fires. John Brown’s raid at Harper’s Ferry sent shock waves through the south. Throughout the decades leading up to 1860, slavery was a burning national issue, and political battles raged over the admission of new states as slave or free. Compromises were struck – the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850 – but the controversy could not be laid to rest.
The South felt increasingly beleaguered as the North increased its criticism of slavery. Abolitionist societies sprang up, Northern publications demanded the immediate end of slavery, politicians waxed shrill about the immorality of human bondage, and overseas, the British parliament terminated slavery in the British West Indies. A prominent historian accurately noted that “by the late 1850’s most white Southerners viewed themselves as prisoners in their own country, condemned by what they saw as a hysterical abolition movement.”
As Southerners became increasingly isolated, they reacted by becoming more strident in defending slavery. The institution was not just a necessary evil: it was a positive good, a practical and moral necessity. Controlling the slave population was a matter of concern for all Whites, whether they owned slaves or not. Curfews governed the movement of slaves at night, and vigilante committees patrolled the roads, dispensing summary justice to wayward slaves and whites suspected of harboring abolitionist views. Laws were passed against the dissemination of abolitionist literature, and the South increasingly resembled a police state. A prominent Charleston lawyer described the city’s citizens as living under a “reign of terror.”
Explanation:
Answer:
When Europeans first colonized the North American continent, the land was vast, the work was harsh, and there was a severe shortage of labor. White bond servants, paying their passage across the ocean from Europe through indentured labor, eased but did not solve the problem. Tensions between settlers and former indentured servants increased the pressure to find a new labor source. Early in the seventeenth century, a Dutch ship loaded with African slaves introduced a solution—and yet paradoxically a new problem—to the New World. Slaves proved to be economical on large farms where labor-intensive cash crops, such as tobacco, sugar and rice, could be grown.
By the end of the American Revolution, slavery became largely unprofitable in the North and was slowly dying out. Even in the South the institution was becoming less useful to farmers as tobacco prices fluctuated and began to drop. Due to the decline of the tobacco market in the 1760s and 1770s many farmers switched from producing tobacco to wheat, which required less labor leading to surplus of slaves. However, in 1793 northerner Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin; this device made it possible for textile mills to use the type of cotton most easily grown in the lower South. The invention of the cotton gin brought about a robust internal slave trade. As the lower South became more established in cotton production the region required more slave labor, which they received from upper South slaveowners looking to offload their surplus of slaves. In 1808, the United States banned the international slave trade (the importation of slaves), which only increased the demand for domestically traded slaves. In the upper South the most profitable cash crop was not was not an agricultural product but the sale of human lives. Although some southerners owned no slaves at all, by 1860 the South’s “peculiar institution” was inextricably tied to the region’s economy and society.
Anti-slavery proponents organized the Underground Railroad to help slaves escape north to freedom. Although fictionalized, Harriet Beecher Stowe’s 1852 immensely popular novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin opened northerner’s eyes to some of the horrors of slavery and refuted the southern myth that blacks were happy as slaves. In reality, treatment of slaves ranged from mild and paternalistic to cruel and sadistic. Husbands, wives, and children were frequently sold away from one another and punishment by whipping was not unusual. In 1857 the United States Supreme Court in the decision Dred Scott v. Sandford ruled that all blacks, whether free or enslaved, lacked the rights to citizenship and thus could not sue in federal court. The Supreme Court took their decision a step further by deeming that Congress had in fact exceeded its authority in the earlier Missouri Compromise because it had no power to forbid or abolish slavery in the territories. The Supreme Court also ruled that popular sovereignty, where new territories could vote on entering the union as a free or slave state, lacked constitutional legitimacy. Thus, slaves had no legal means of protesting their treatment. Due to the Dred Scott decision, John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry, and other earlier slave uprisings, Southerners feared servile insurrection above all else but this was rare. Instead as a form of resistance slaves would pretend illness, organize slowdowns, sabotage farm machinery, and sometimes commit arson or murder. Running away for short periods of time was common.The outbreak of the Civil War forever changed the future of the American nation and perhaps most notably the future of Americans held in bondage. The war began as a struggle to preserve the Union, not a struggle to free the slaves but as the war dragged on it became increasingly clear to President Abraham Lincoln the best way to force the seceded states into submission was to undermine their labor supply and economic engine which was sustaining the south—slavery. Many slaves escaped to the North in the early years of the war, and several Union generals established contraband policies in the southern land that they conquered. Congress passed laws permitting the seizure of slaves from rebellious southerners as the rules of war allow for the seizure of property and the United States considered slaves property. On September 22, 1862, following the strategic Union victory at Antietam, President Abraham Lincoln presented the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
Explanation:
hope this helped =)
Describe how a shovel makes moving dirt easier. Use the words "resistant force," "effort force," and "distance." Tell what kind of simple machine a shovel is.
Answer Key:
A shovel is a kind of lever. By increasing the distance from which the effort force is applied to moving the dirt, less resistant force is needed to move the dirt.
Did your student answer correctly?
Yes
No Why was the fact that George Washington was elected unanimously so important?
what are we susupposed to do lo
I neeed help pleaseeee
A colony is a territory under the immediate complete political control and occupied by settlers of a state, distinct from the home territory of the sovereign. Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer and navigator who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, opening the way for European exploration and colonization of the Americas which made way for mass colonization.
Explanation:
The nature of totalitarianism and the police state that existed in Russia, Germany, and Italy could be described as:
geared toward social welfare
O authoritarian
O violent and oppressive
a movement for the people
Answer:
O violent and oppressive
Explanation:
authoritarian violent and oppressive a movement for the people geared toward social welfare.
1. The "___" states gave up their western lands.
Answer:
Landed, I think
Explanation:
There were no prices at the fair.
True False
Answer:
true
Explanation:
.
I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST, SHOUTOUT, FIVE STARS, AND A THANK YOU TO WHOEVER ANSWERS THESE CORRECTLY
Answer:
For question number two in the 'People' section my answer is:
William B. Travis was a 19th-century American lawyer and soldier. At the age of 26, he was a lieutenant colonel in the Texas Army. He died at the Battle of the Alamo during the Texas Revolution.
Answer:15. the turtle bayou resolutions declared support of the texans rebelling against santa anna. 16. stephen f austin was arrested because the mexican government believed he was pushing for texas independence. 17. Fort Morris, also the american revolutionary war. 1. i believe stephen f austin led the texas army at the battle of goliad. 2. william b travis was a lieutenant colonel in the texas army and later died in the battle of the alamo.
Explanation:
Both parties agreed to ratify the Constitution once the Federalist consented to
A. Returning land taken from farmers before Shays' Rebellion
B. Giving more power to the state governments than the federal government
C. Providing medical care to former veterans of the American Revolution
D. Adding the Bill of Rights to the Constitution
Answer:
D. Adding the Bill of Rights to the Constitution
Explanation:
The major problem that led to the Great Debate was that the Federalist, led by Alexander Hamilton wanted to ratify the Constitution but the Anti-Federalist did not want to.
The Anti Federalist wanted to include the Bill of Rights to checkmate the central government because it had too much power.
Therefore, both parties agreed to ratify the Constitution once the Federalist consented to add the Bill of Rights.
In 5-7 sentences, describe the life of Germans after WW1? Make sure to use at least 1 piece of evidence from the text.
Answer:
Through the period from the armistice on 11 November 1918 until the signing of the peace treaty with Germany on 28 June 1919, the Allies maintained the naval blockade of Germany that had begun during the war. As Germany was dependent on imports, it is estimated that 523,000 civilians had lost their lives.[1] N. P. Howard, of the University of Sheffield, says that a further quarter of a million more died from disease or starvation in the eight-month period following the conclusion of the conflict.[2] The continuation of the blockade after the fighting ended, as author Robert Leckie wrote in Delivered From Evil, did much to "torment the Germans ... driving them with the fury of despair into the arms of the devil."[citation needed] The terms of the Armistice did allow food to be shipped into Germany, but the Allies required that Germany provide the means (the shipping) to do so. The German government was required to use its gold reserves, being unable to secure a loan from the United States.[citation needed]
Historian Sally Marks claims that while "Allied warships remained in place against a possible resumption of hostilities, the Allies offered food and medicine after the armistice, but Germany refused to allow its ships to carry supplies". Further, Marks states that despite the problems facing the Allies, from the German government, "Allied food shipments arrived in Allied ships before the charge made at Versailles".[3] This position is also supported by Elisabeth Gläser who notes that an Allied task force, to help feed the German population, was established in early 1919 and that by May 1919 " Germany [had] became the chief recipient of American and Allied food shipments". Gläser further claims that during the early months of 1919, while the main relief effort was being planned, France provided food shipments to Bavaria and the Rhineland. She further claims that the German government delayed the relief effort by refusing to surrender their merchant fleet to the Allies. Finally, she concludes that "the very success of the relief effort had in effect deprived the [Allies] of a credible threat to induce Germany to sign the Treaty of Versailles.[4] However, it is also the case that for eight months following the end of hostilities, the blockade was continually in place, with some estimates that a further 100,000 casualties among German civilians due to starvation were caused, on top of the hundreds of thousands which already had occurred. Food shipments, furthermore, had been entirely dependent on Allied goodwill, causing at least in part the post-hostilities irregularity.
After the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June 1919, between Germany on the one side and France, Italy, Britain and other minor allied powers on the other, officially ended war between those countries. Other treaties ended the relationships of the United States and the other Central Powers. Included in the 440 articles of the Treaty of Versailles were the demands that Germany officially accept responsibility for starting the war and pay economic reparations. The treaty drastically limited the German military machine: German troops were reduced to 100,000 and the country was prevented from possessing major military armaments such as tanks, warships, armored vehicles and submarines.
mark me brainliest if this helped :D
Answer:
hiiii
Explanation:
I need help ASAP Which phrase best completes the table?
Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherer Groups
Ate a varied diet of plants and meat
Used tools made of bone and stone
A. Were ruled by powerful kings
B. Lived in communities with hundreds of people
C. Made clothes from animal skins
D. Rarely moved to new places
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
Makes the most sense.
write all the info u know about the birth of the constitution.
PLS HELP ME
Answer:
The U. S Constitution was written in the same Pennsylvania State House where the Declaration of Independence was signed and where George Washington received his commission as Commander of the Continental Army. Now called Independence Hall, the building still stands today on Independence Mall in Philadelphia, directly across from the National Constitution Center.
Written in 1787, the Constitution was signed on September 17. But it wasn’t until 1788 that it was ratified by the necessary nine states.
The U.S. Constitution was prepared in secret, behind locked doors that were guarded by sentries.
Some of the original framers and many delegates in the state ratifying conventions were very troubled that the original Constitution lacked a description of individual rights. In 1791, Americans added a list of rights to the Constitution. The first ten amendments became known as The Bill of Rights.
Of the 55 delegates attending the Constitutional Convention, 39 signed and 3 delegates dissented. Two of America’s Founding Fathers didn’t sign the Constitution. Thomas Jefferson was representing his country in France and John Adams was doing the same in Great Britain.
Established on November 26, 1789, the first national “Thanksgiving Day” was originally created by George Washington as a way of “giving thanks” for the Constitution.
Of the written national constitutions, the U.S. Constitution is the oldest and shortest.
At 81, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania was the oldest delegate at the Constitutional Convention and at 26, Jonathon Dayton of New Jersey was the youngest.
The original Constitution is on display at the National Archives in Washington, D.C. When the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, it was moved to Fort Knox for safekeeping.
More than 11,000 amendments have been introduced in Congress. 33 have gone to the states to be ratified and 27 have received the necessary approval from the states to actually become amendments to the Constitution.
pls mark me brainliest if this helped u :DDAnswer:
my sister got a apple shaped horsie
Explanation:
there is no explanation it just looks like that
will give 100 points
Which characteristic of rule of law requires all people to be treated the same by the government and legal system?
Consistent application
Fair procedures
Accountability to the law
Transparency of institutions
Answer:
A) Consistent Application
Explanation:
With the application of consistency they would be required to treat everyone the same.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
I have done this before
What was the turning point in North Africa?
how did the allied troops prepare for gas attacks in ww1?
Answer:
When the shelling died down, the Allied defenders waited for the first wave of German attack troops but instead were thrown into a panic when chlorine gas wafted across noman’s land and down into their trenches. .The Germans targeted four miles of the front with the wind-blown poison gas and decimated two divisions of French and Algerian colonial troops. by May they had retreated to the town of Ypres
Explanation:
5. Briefly explain the first steps towards economic imperialism in China.
The first steps toward economic imperialism in China date from the mid-1500s, when Portuguese traders paid for access to ports in Macau on China's far south-east coast. In 1711, the British East India Company also established a trading post there.
What features divided the Nile river valley in two different regions and help isolate the area from the outsiders
Answer:
liverstone river
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP ME WORTH 25PTS EACH Please put the following events into timeline order.
Pinckney Proposal
Articles of Confederation is ratified
US Bill of Rights ratified
Annapolis Convention
Philadelphia Convention
US Constitution ratified
Answer:
US constitution ratified, US bill of rights ratified, Articles of Convention ratified, Pinckney Proposal, Philadelphis Convention, and Annapolis convention.
Explanation:
Hope this helps you Merry Christmas!
What was this structure intended to accomplish?
A) to provide a trade route for merchants to move goods to Europe
B) to prevent invasion of nomads across the northern frontier of China
C) to end a series of civil wars between rival dynasties
D) to create a faster and more efficient way of traveling across the mountains
Answer:
I think this is B
Explanation:
I was learning this in history
To prevent the invasion of nomads across the northern frontier of China this structure was intended to accomplish. The correct option is B.
What did the ancient Chinese do to prevent people from invading the north?Chinese authorities started building walls to fortify the country against northern, nomadic invaders. In the Shandong province, a section of one such ancient wall that is still standing is made of the hard-packed soil known as "rammed earth," and it is thought to be 2,500 years old.
The Great Wall, the most recognizable representation of China and its extensive and colorful history, was first envisioned by Emperor Qin Shi Huang in the third century B.C. as a defense against incursions by nomadic barbarians.
The Great Wall protected the central plain of modern-day China and successfully repelled invasions from numerous northern nomadic tribes throughout history, including the Huns during the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Turks during the Sui Dynasty, the Khitan during the Song Dynasty, and the Tatar, Oirat, and Jurchen during the Ming Dynasty.
Thus, the ideal selection is option B.
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Review the map here and answer the questions that follow using the drop-down menus. Use the map to answer questions about the relative locations of seven natural wonders.
Which wonder stretches across northern Africa?
Which wonder is located the farthest south in Africa?
Which wonder lies between Africa and Asia?
Which wonders are located entirely in the Great Rift Valley, near Lake Victoria? ____ and ____.
Answer:
1. Sahara desert
2. Okavango Delta
3. Red sea reef
4. Mount Kilimanjaro
5. Ngorongoro Crater
Explanation:
I hope this helps!!!! :):):):):):):):):):)
Answer:
1. Sahara desert
2. Okavango delta
3. Red Sea Reef
4. Mount Kilimanjaro
5. Ngorongoro Crater
Explanation: Did this on edge
DON'T THINK I COPIED JUST WANT EXTRA POINTS EVEN THOUGH THESE ARE RIGHT
How was the Latino approach to gaining civil
rights similar to and different from the African
American civil rights movement?
Answer:
Although Latinos made some civil rights advances in the decades following World ... and more radical, just as the African American civil rights movement had done. ... Mexican American civil rights leaders were active in other areas as well. ... rights movements began to grow more radical, in a manner similar to other civil ...
I AM NOT QUITE SUREAlthough Latinos achieved some strides in the area of civil rights in the years after the Second World War, they were less subtle than what the African American civil rights movement had accomplished. Leaders in the Mexican American civil rights movement also worked in other fields.
What role did Latinos play in the civil rights movement?Many of its leaders intended the African American Civil Rights Movement to encompass all Americans of color fighting for equality, irrespective of their origins. Hispanic Americans of all origins started organizing their own fight for civil equality and fairness in response to the work of Dr. Martin Luther King, among others. Puerto Ricans staged protest marches in Philadelphia, Chicago, and New York against unfair treatment.
This battle became known as the Chicano Civil Rights Movement among Mexican Americans in the Southwest. Even though the objectives of each of these organizations were similar, some of the specific problems they encountered were distinct. Puerto Ricans could only be considered Americans, at least legally, but Mexican Americans were suspected of not being Americans no matter how many there were.
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What reasoning did Robert edlin give in his response to another soldier
Answer:
?
Explanation:
?/
15.
People who beleve in equal pay for women and fight for programs that benefit chilldren and familes would most likely be influenced by
Answer:
their family
Explanation:
sorry if it's wrong
Which of these is the BEST explanation for the contrast between Spain’s motives to explore and settle the North American continent and England’s motives?
A
Spain wanted to colonize North America, and England only wanted to take home the wealth of the New World.
B
Spain wanted to claim land in the New World to use for sending their prisoners to North America, and England wanted to convert all the “savages” to Catholicism.
C
Spain wanted to settle in North America to begin a fur trading business, and England wanted to bring glory to King George by conquering a new land and bringing back gold.
D
Spain wanted to convert North Americans to Christianity, conquistadors were seeking personal fame and fortune, and Spaniards wanted to find gold and bring it back to their motherland, while England’s desire was to create wealth at home by exercising their belief in the profits of mercantilism.
Answer:
I believe the answer is D
Spain wanted to convert North Americans to Christianity, conquistadors were seeking personal fame and fortune, and Spaniards wanted to find gold and bring it back to their motherland, while England’s desire was to create wealth at home by exercising their belief in the profits of mercantilism is the best explanation. Hence, option D is correct.
What was England's main goal in the new world?The promise of prosperity and the Northwest Passage served as inspiration for England as well as the other European nations. A licence to colonize Virgi was granted to the Virgi Corporation of London in 1606 by King James I. The company was a joint stock company of investors who believed there was money to be made.
In the latter half of the sixteenth century, England's primary goal in North America was to hinder Spanish shipping. Catholic Spain, commanded by Philip II, had governed the Caribbean, Florida, Central and South American shores for the later half of the 1500s.
Thus, option D is correct.
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What was the greatest source of conflict between the native American Indians in the European settlers
Answer
french and indian war i assume , but im only in middle school
Explanation:
I said im in middle school...
What military strategy did the Patriots use to defeat the Redcoats at Concord?
Answer:
in da first year of the american revolution, george washington led the rebel militiamen to victory, driving da british ppl out of Boston in i think march 1776 or march 1778 not sure. hope this helps u! ^^
Explanation:
Answer:
strong leadership and one solid alliance
Explanation:
Although the red coats where better trained and had more weapons the red coats still won. I hope this helped.
Does anyone know the answer to this
Answer:
Designating additional land as national parks
Explanation:
(Need ASAP please)
Under what circumstances should men/people unite to make a change in
government?
Answer:
explain further so that I can give you the right answer
Why did Southern states demand passage of the Three-Fifths
Compromise? *
They wanted to end slavery as quickly as possible.
In order to defeat the Union Army in the Civil War.
To gain greater power in the House of Representatives.
So that slaves could begin to receive some political rights.
Answer:
It's C because the south was trying to gain to gain greater power in the House of Representatives. they were not however trying to end slavery as quickly as possible because you have to remember the south was all for slavery (they literally depended on it ), not against it, that would be the North. Also the south treated slaves very poorly and thought of them as the dirt beneath their feet, or the lowest of the lowest class, so they would not want them to receive any political rights or want their slaves to think, or be thought of to be equal to whites. They did not demand passage of the Three-Fifths so that they could defeat the Union in the civil war either since that passage has nothing to do with the civil war . So again this leaves you with C.
hope this helps :)
Some historians believe the caste system developed as a result of new rules and laws brought on by the invasion of WHICH nomadic society? A: aryans B: hittiesC: dravidians D: brahmans
The correct answer is A) Aryans.
Some historians believe the caste system developed as a result of new rules and laws brought on by the invasion of the nomadic society known as the Aryans.
As we know through history, the Aryans migrated to form the Middle East and arrived at what today is India. It was one of the largest migrations in ancient history.
This Ido-Aryans spread all over the northern territory of India and reached modern-day, Bangladesh and Pakistan. These Aryans arrived at the territories once settled by the Harappans during the Indus Valley Civilization.
When they arrived, the Aryans shared their culture, customs, language, and traditions all over that region, including the caste system that influenced India.
what were women in west africa like(the matamba women)
Answer:
Explanation:
In pre-colonial African societies, particularly in West Africa, many women worked from dawn to dusk. With the exception of a few prominent women like queen mothers who were predominantly in the public sphere due to their political and religious roles, women spent more time in the household
Answer:
The region of Matamba was known for its female rulers, most notably the powerful Queen Nzinga (1626–1663), who guided the state amid the complexities and intrigues of various European and African rivalries and gained a reputation for her resistance to Portuguese imperialism.
What is the last name of the English dynasty?
Answer:
Windsor
Explanation:
Explanation:
WindsorToday, the last name of the British royal family remains Windsor. However, royals who are descended from Queen Elizabeth II through the male line use the hyphenated surname Mountbatten-Windsor when needed. This last name reflects both the surname of the royal family and that of the Queen's husband, Prince Philip