For your given bite of food, outline or use a flow chart to show what happens to this piece as it moves down the digestive tract. Take notes in your laboratory journal about how this bite is processed in the digestive tract. Mention key enzymes, describe mechanical and chemical digestion, and discuss absorption of nutrients and removal of wastes.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer: Mouth (amylase digest carbohydrates), esophagus, stomach (digestion of proteins by pepsine), small intestine (digestion of fats, proteins and carbohydrate by pancreatic enzymes and bile), large intestine (it receives the indigestible substances, absorbs the water and leaves the waste products called feces, peristalsis helps move stool into the rectum and feces are expelled from the body through the rectum and anus). Insulin facilitates glucose uptake by the cells and glucagon turns glycogen into glucose.

Explanation:

The gastrointestinal tract is a series of hollow organs joined together in a tube from the mouth to the anus. The organs found there are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus. The liver, pancreas and gallbladder are the solid organs of the digestive tract that also have important functions during digestion.

Digestion is important because the organism needs nutrients to function properly. (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins). So, the digestive system breaks down nutrients into small parts so that the body can transport and absorb them. During digestion, carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars, proteins into amino acids and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

The digestion of food begins in the mouth, where the food is chewed. The saliva possesses enzymes that already begin with the degradation of starches and sugars. The two most important proteins in saliva are amylase (produced by parotid glands) and mucin (produced by sublingual and submandibular glands). When the person swallows, the tongue pushes the food down the throat and the epiglottis folds over the windpipe to prevent choking and so the food passes into the esophagus. The food bolus then passes through the esophagus, where a process called peristalsis takes place to transport the food.

Then the food reaches the stomach, where the upper muscle in the stomach relaxes (esophageal sphincter) to allow the food to enter and the lower muscle of the stomach mixes the food with the digestive juice. This sphincter remains closed to prevent the content in the stomach from flowing back into the esophagus. Protein digestion begins in the stomach with the action of pepsin and continues in the small intestine with pancreatic enzymes such as trypsin (produced in the pancreas), chemotrypsin, aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases. So, the stomach acid and enzymes act there, which are molecules created by our body that are responsible for breaking down the polymers present in food into smaller molecules so that they can be easily absorbed.

The food then passes into the small intestine and is transported along the small intestine by peristaltic movements. There, fats, proteins and carbohydrates are digested. The small intestine has three parts: duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The pancreas produces pancreatic juice and the liver produces bile, and these two juices are discharged into the small intestine. Bile helps to dissolve fats, which facilitates their assimilation. Meanwhile, the pancreatic juice completes the digestion of proteins and sugars, a process that began in the stomach, together with the intestinal juice produced by the walls of the small intestine. Once the food has been digested, its components must pass into the blood to be distributed to all the organs of the body. The inner walls of the small intestine has intestinal villi which are irrigated internally by blood vessels and they are responsible for the absorption of water and nutrients into the bloodstream. So, when the digestive enzymes have dissociated the large molecules into small components, the products are absorbed by the wall of the intestine.  The mucosa of the small intestine also secretes the hormone secretin, which stimulates the pancreas to produce digestive enzymes.

Finally, the large intestine is involved, where bacteria (microbiota) in the large intestine can also chemically break down food. The large intestine includes the appendix, cecum, colon and rectum and it receives the indigestible substances from the small intestine, absorbs the water and leaves the waste products called feces. The colon, is the last structure to process food. Peristalsis helps move stool into the rectum and feces are expelled from the body through the rectum and anus.

After digestion, glucose will be available as a source of energy. Once it begins to circulate in the bloodstream, it will need the help of a hormone called insulin to enter the cells and provide them with the energy they need. Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by the β cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and it helps cellular glucose uptake by signaling cells to take in glucose from the blood. If the body has enough energy. On the other hand, glucagon turns a type of stored sugar called glycogen into glucose, which goes from the liver into your blood to provide energy.


Related Questions

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It’s one of the big mysteries of cell biology. Why do mitochondria—the oval-shaped structures that power our cells—have their own DNA, and why have they kept it when the cell itself has plenty of its own genetic material? A new study may have found an answer.

It’s one of the big mysteries of cell biology. Why do mitochondria—the oval-shaped structures that power our cells—have their own DNA, and why have they kept it when the cell itself has plenty of its own genetic material? A new study may have found an answer.Scientists think that mitochondria were once independent single-celled organisms until, more than a billion years ago, they were swallowed by larger cells. Instead of being digested, they settled down and developed a mutually beneficial relationship developed

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I

how does fertilizer affect the quality of crops?​

Answers

Answer:

Fertilizers replace the nutrients that crops remove from the soil. Without the addition of fertilizers, crop yields and agricultural productivity would be significantly reduced. That's why mineral fertilizers are used to supplement the soil's nutrient stocks with minerals that can be quickly absorbed and used by crops

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how does fertilizer affect the quality of crops?

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The role of fertilizers in food production is usually underestimated. Fertilizers are food for plants.

Fertilizers replace the nutrients that crops remove from the soil. Without the addition of fertilizers, crop yields and agricultural productivity would be significantly reduced. That’s why mineral fertilizers are used to supplement the soil’s nutrient stocks with minerals that can be quickly absorbed and used by crops.

Put simply – we use fertilizer to:

Provide nutrients not available in the soil.Replace nutrients removed at harvest.Balance nutrients for better. producequality and higher yield.

What is the name of the bond that is created when two amino acids

Answers

Answer: peptide bonds

Explanation: I think that's the answer.

answer and show proof please

Answers

Answer:

a

Explanation:

the arrows indicate energy and which there's no energy going to organism 1

If the sugar has a carbonyl group within the carbon skeleton, we call it?
Glucose, Ketose ,Aldose,Galactose?

Answers

Answer:

Ketose

Explanation:

Monosaccharides also known as simple sugars are usually represented in a linear chain with a carbon skeleton. All the carbons present with the exception of one have a hydroxyl group that can be attached on either side of the skeleton.

Aldehyde sugars or aldoses such as glucose and galactose have a carbonyl group that is present at the end of the carbon skeleton. Monosaccharides also known as "ketone sugars", example fructose have their carbonyl group located at other parts of the carbon skeleton.

In animals, glucose is absorbed from the gut into intestinal cells against its concentration of gradient. This one-way process requires energy to work. Which of the following best describes how glucose is absorbed into intestinal cells?
A. By osmosis
B. By diffusion
C. By a buffer
D. By active transport

Answers

Answer: Glucose is absorbed through the intestine by a transepithelial transport system initiated at the apical membrane by the cotransporter

Explanation:

if im wrong ill give you your points

Osmosis best describes how glucose is absorbed into intestinal cells.

What do you mean by osmosis?

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules, through a cell's partially permeable membrane.

Osmosis is when water moves from an area of LOW solute concentration (low osmolarity) to an area of HIGH solute concentration (high osmolarity) through a semipermeable membrane. Osmosis is one of the most important ways that plants and animals achieve homeostasis.

The absorption of water from the soil is due to osmosis. The plant roots have a higher concentration than the soil. Therefore, the water flows into the roots. The guard cells of the plants are also affected by osmosis.

Learn more about osmosis:

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Which units are used in a pyramid of biomass?
A Individuals
B. g C/m2
C. m/s2
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Answers

Answer:

g/m2 is the unit used in a pyramid of biomass. Kilocalories is Unit of measure for energy pyramids

In general, do organisms that have more traits in common also share more genes?

Answers

Answer:

In general, organisms that share similar physical features and genomes tend to be more closely related than those that do not. Such features that overlap both morphologically (in form) and genetically are referred to as homologous structures; they stem from developmental similarities that are based on evolution.

Explanation:

hope it helps!

Describe how the environment (predation, shelter, wind, access to water) might affect a population/ species?

Answers

The answer is environment is the us

Are floating cities the salutation to rising sea levels

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Explanation: no sunken cities are

Proteins are:
a. Resistible to structural changes.
b. Polymers of amino acids bound by peptide bonds.
c. Have different structures but same function.
d. All hydrophilic​

Answers

Hello there!

Proteins are created by the bonding of amino acids. The bonds are called peptide bonds.

So the answer must be b.

I hope this helps!! :)

B. The polymers of amino acids are bounded by peptide bounds or polypeptides

How does genetic variability allow these lizard populations to survive ?

Answers

It allows the individual in a populations to survive and have offspring with the desire trait needed to live while those without will die out

A 23-year-old felt puffy, weak, and tired for several months. She suddenly noticed her urine had a red to brown discoloration and the volume was minimal. She went to the emergency room of a nearby hospital and the following data were obtained upon examination and testing what type of treatment does this person need?

Hematology:
Serum sodium 125 mEq/L
Serum potassium 6 mEq/L
Serum creatinine 2.6 mg/dL
BUN 24.0 mg/dL
pH (arterial) 7.32
Hematocrit 25%
Urinalysis:
Appearance Red to brown
Specific gravity 1.025
Blood Positive
Glucose Negative
Protein Mild
Renal Function Tests:
GFR (glomerular filtration rate) 40 mL/min
RBF (renal blood flow) 280 mL/min

Answers

Answer:

Renal failure treatment

Explanation:

The type of treatment this person requires is Renal failure treatment and this type of treatment will take the following steps :

Healthy eating and engaging in physical activity Controlled  Water intake in order to maintain a serum sodium value between 135- 145 mEq/ L . Sodium should be restricted or permitted, and this depends on the patients accumulation level of sodium  Angiotensin    Beta blocker and a diuretic


PLEASE HELP !! ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST *EXTRA 40 POINTS* DONT SKIP :(( .!

Answers

Answer:D

Explanation:

Answer is D. Good luck. Hydropower plants capture the energy of falling water to generate electricity. Hydropower turbines kill and injure some of the fish that pass through the turbine.

Nondisjunction occurs when chromosomes do not properly separate during cell division, which can lead to?.(please no links just written answers)

Group of answer choices

Duplications

Translocations

Aneuploidy

All the above

Answers

Answer:

Option C, Aneuploidy

Explanation:

Aneuploidy is defined as the condition when offspring/daughter cell has abnormal number of chromosomes.  

In the process of nondisjunction, the pair of homologous chromosomes do not separate and hence the sister chromatids fails to separate.

Hence, option C is correct

WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!
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Answers

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Interestingly too, there are similar animals found on this grassland biome such as antelope, falcon, fox and others

What are grassland biomes?

Grassland biomes are areas that are well covered by grass species of different kinds. It is found in every continent of Africa charactezed by flat and grassy areas. There are different species of grasses which dominate every grasslands

What is a biome?

It is an area which is dominated by a particular species of living organisms

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(PLEASE HELP) Biodiversity affects the sustainability of an ecosystem by-
A. Always Increasing competition for limited resources within the ecosystem.
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D. Always decreasing competition for limited resources within the ecosystem.

Answers

C is the correct answer

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The closer the light is to the plant the rate of photosynthesis will be greater compared to when the light is further away from the plant the rate of photosynthesis will be lower.

I need help with this, thank you

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Answer:

a

Explanation:

the answer is a

universe is biggest and then Galaxy and solar system and then earth

the anwser is a! have a good day!

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I need the answer to be five letters and as a hint, the third letter is a

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Answer: Anaerobic cellular respiration

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Explanation: hopefully i helped

What would happen if a mutation created a new ailele that decreased fitness?
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ob. The new aliele would decrease the finess of the individual that possessed it and that individual would have few or no oftspring,
OC. The individual with the new ailele would wait for an environmental change so that is finess would increase again
od. The allele would be deleted by the bodys generic control mechanisms
Oe. The new ailele would have to change back to an allele of higher fitness so the possessor of that allele could maintain its fitness

Answers

Answer:

Hello There!!

Explanation:

The answer is b.the new allele would decrease the fitness of the individual that possessed it, and that individual would have few or no offspring.

hope this helps,have a great day!!

~Pinky~

PLEASE HELP !!
Ill GIVE BRAINLIEST!!

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Answer:

where the question

Explanation:

Answer:

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Explanation:

Sorry for no answer but I had to ask.....

put your question here

so I can  answer it

               

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Answers

Answer:

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Explanation:

Answer:

a neutron..?

Explanation:

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Answers

Answer:

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Both require glucose

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Answers

The answer is D i believe. Hope this helps!!

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Answers

Answer: The hydrosphere includes water that is on the surface of the planet, underground, and in the air. A planet's hydrosphere can be liquid, vapor, or ice. On Earth, liquid water exists on the surface in the form of oceans, lakes and rivers. It also exists below ground—as groundwater, in wells and aquifers. brainliest?

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

..........................

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Answers

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Explanation:

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Answers

Answer:

see the explanation and get the answer

Explanation:

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Answers

she will most likely see limestone
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