Exact string match can be used to find matches for a sequencing read in a reference DNA sequence. However, there are biological and technical reasons that make this approach inappropriate.
Biological reasons for the inappropriateness of exact string match approach
There are two main biological reasons for the inappropriateness of the exact string match approach. They are:
Polymorphisms: Polymorphisms refer to variations in the DNA sequence of individuals. Polymorphisms can be present in either the reference DNA sequence or the sequencing read, resulting in a sequence mismatch between the two. Hence, an exact string match cannot be obtained between the reference DNA sequence and the sequencing read due to the polymorphism. Thus, this makes the exact string match approach inappropriate for DNA sequencing reads.
Gene duplication: Gene duplication is the duplication of a particular DNA sequence within a genome. If a gene is duplicated, the exact string match approach may result in multiple matches, making it difficult to distinguish which gene copy is the read mapping to. This makes the exact string match approach inappropriate for DNA sequencing reads.
Technical reasons for the inappropriateness of exact string match approach
There are two main technical reasons for the inappropriateness of the exact string match approach. They are:
Errors in the sequencing reads: Sequencing errors can occur due to technical errors in the sequencing process. Sequencing errors can result in a sequence mismatch between the reference DNA sequence and the sequencing read, resulting in an incorrect match being found. Thus, this makes the exact string match approach inappropriate for DNA sequencing reads.
Fragmented read: Sequencing read can also be shorter than the reference DNA sequence. This means that the read will only be a portion of the entire reference sequence. The exact string match approach will not be able to detect reads that are too small and fragmented. Hence, this makes the exact string match approach inappropriate for DNA sequencing reads.
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ASAP PLEASE HELP!!!!
When rock in the interior of the planet is heated to high enough temperatures, what occurs? Select the best answer from the choices below.
a it gets hotter and sinks into a trench
b the rock melts to create magma
c it forms new mountains underwater
d it causes glaciers to melt
Answer:
B !
Explanation:
I'm basing this off of a lesson I took two years ago, but the answer is B! The interior of Earth is rumored to be filled with magma as a way to have convection currents in itself, and to move the tectonic plates/ create the tectonic plates, if I remember correctly.
If i'm wrong I can still prove why it's not the other choices.
It's not A becuase when rock gets hotter, it rises, and when it cools, it sinks.
it's not C becuase it said "interior of the planet", which it may be referencing somewhere having to do to below the crust. as well, you need to cool rocks as to make it solid, not heated up rocks. but even then, mountains are made by the plates.
it's not D becuase glaciers are affected by climate change and occurrences the biosphere, not the interior of the planet.
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a part of the accessory structures of the eye?
A) Conjunctiva
B) Palpebrae
C) Cornea
D) Lacrimal caruncle
The cornea is NOT considered to be a part of the accessory structures of the eye. The correct answer is (C).
The accessory structures of the eye do not include the cornea. It is an essential component of the eye's visual system since it is the transparent outermost layer that shields the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Examples of the accessory structures of the eye are the conjunctiva, palpebrae (eyelids), and lacrimal caruncle.
Conjunctiva: This thin, translucent membrane borders the inner of the eyelids and covers the front surface of the eye.
Palpebrae, sometimes referred to as eyelids, are moveable folds of skin that cover the eyes, disseminate tears, and help control how much light gets in.
Cornea: This transparent, dome-shaped layer at the front of the eye, which is not a component of the accessory structures, is in charge of reflecting light and guarding the eye.
Lacrimal caruncle: This little, rosy-colored clump of soft tissue is found in the inner corner of the eye. It generates a yellowish oily secretion known as the lacrimal caruncle secretion and has sweat and sebaceous glands.
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What is the chirality in a polysaccharide chain
Answer:
the first answer is a virus
Explanation:
categorize each carbohydrate listed as either a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide.glucosecellulosesucrosefructosestarch
A brief explanation of each category:
Monosaccharide: Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates and cannot be further hydrolyzed into smaller units. They consist of a single sugar molecule. Glucose and fructose are examples of monosaccharides.
Disaccharide: Disaccharides are formed by the combination of two monosaccharide units through a glycosidic bond. Sucrose is an example of a disaccharide, composed of glucose and fructose.
Polysaccharide: Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates composed of many monosaccharide units linked together. They can be hydrolyzed into smaller sugar units. Cellulose and starch are examples of polysaccharides. Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants, while starch is a storage polysaccharide in plants.
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Ki,ss me if I'm wrong. But dinosaurs still exist right?
Answer:
No, dinosaurs have died out a long time ago!
But did you know that dragonflies used to exsist back then? They were way bigger than they are now. Alot of animals are evolutionalized versions of their prehistoric forms!
Explanation:
Explain why some of your arterioles dilate while others construct during exercise.
Answer:
It looks at the role of adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, a chemical that can be released by red blood cells and is believed to cause blood vessels to dilate during exercise, when muscles demand more oxygen.
Explanation:
Hope this helped Mark BRAINLIEST!!!
A one-hectare forest community is sampled in early August. The sample yields 12 small trees, 4 types of vines, as well as 17 native shrubs that represent 10 species. What can be estimated from the sample for the shrubs in the forest community?
A. the forest’s productivity
B. the species richness
C. the degree of forest disturbance
D. the stability of the ecosystem
E. the uniformity of species distribution in the ecosystem
Answer:
The correct answer is - B. the species richness
Explanation:
Species richness determines the numbers of different species are present in an ecological community. It is a numerical value or count of different species present in a particular community.
The given information or data can only be used to estimate the species richness in the particular forest community as there is data available about the number of species presnt in this community.
In the microprogram for Mic-1, in if_icmpeq3, MDR is copied to H. A few lines later it is subtracted from TOS to check for equality. Surely it is better to have one statement here:
If cmpeq3 Z TOS MDR: rd Why is this not done?
The decision to perform two separate operations, copying the value from the memory data register (MDR) to the H register and then subtracting it from the top of the stack (TOS), instead of using a single comparison statement, might be attributed to the architecture and design choices of the Mic-1 microprogram.
One possible reason is that the Mic-1 microprogram architecture follows a more modular and sequential approach. By separating the steps into distinct microinstructions, it allows for better control and flexibility in handling intermediate results or performing additional operations before executing the comparison.
Additionally, breaking down the operations into separate steps might simplify the microinstruction sequencing and control logic, making it easier to implement and optimize. It could also allow for better error detection and handling by checking intermediate states during execution.
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Why might some siblings in a family show the trait of albinism while others don't?
Answer:
Even if both parents carry the gene, the chance of each of their children being born with albinism is one in four. If just one parent has the gene and the other parent has a normal pigment gene, their children won't have oculocutaneous albinism.
Explanation:
the act of doing what's best for the group is called__
Answer:
being a team player :)
Explanation:
The act of doing what's best for the group is called altruism. This is an act of selflessness were the practice of concern is for the welfare of others.
(from go ole)
Which of the following scenarios would cause high compliance? A. High compliance would result in the lung collapsing on itself B. Increased production of elastic fibers in the alveolar walls C. Increased destruction of elastic fibers in the alveolar walls D. Decreased production of surfactant
High compliance would result from increased production of elastic fibers in the alveolar walls. This would enhance lung tissue elasticity, allowing for easier expansion during breathing, option B is correct.
Increased production of elastic fibers in the alveolar walls would lead to high compliance. Compliance refers to the lung's ability to expand and stretch in response to changes in pressure during breathing. Elastic fibers provide the lungs with their elastic properties, allowing them to easily stretch and recoil. When there is an increased production of elastic fibers, it enhances the overall elasticity of the lung tissue.
This increased elasticity means that the lungs can readily expand and accommodate a larger volume of air during inhalation. As a result, high compliance is achieved, enabling efficient and effective breathing, option B is correct.
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The complete question is:
Which of the following scenarios would cause high compliance?
A. High compliance would result in the lung collapsing on itself
B. Increased production of elastic fibers in the alveolar walls
C. Increased destruction of elastic fibers in the alveolar walls
D. Decreased production of surfactant
out of these three gases ( carbon dioxide, hydrogen gas, and methane) which could be a component of water
Answer:
Methane
Explanation:
Methane could be a component of Water because it burns in the air to form H2O which is Water. If you see any fault in my answer please let me know. Thanks. Have a good day.
what do animals in the eukarya domain have in common?
Help me!!
Answer:
The domain Eukarya keep the genetic material
inside of the nucleus.
Explanation:
Explain the concept of 'natural selection' and what it really means. Specify what
mechanism actually causes the natural selection and why it occurs.
Answer:
Natural selection is a proccess that occurs when an oganism is to weak to survive against other predators in that environementIt has failed to find a suitable nihe and evolution will cause it to become extinct from that geographic area.
Natural selection is the theory behind evolution put forth by Charles Darwin. Given the scarcity of resources in nature, animals with heritable features that promote survival and reproduction will typically produce more offspring than their contemporaries, leading to an increase in the frequency of such traits across successive generations.
Why is natural selection important?Charles Darwin's theory of evolution is known as natural selection. Animals with heritable qualities that aid in survival and reproduction will often generate more offspring than their contemporaries due to the limited resources in nature, increasing the frequency of such traits through subsequent generations.
Favorable features are passed down across generations as a result of natural selection. Natural selection may result in speciation, the process by which one species gives rise to another that is utterly separate.
It is one of the mechanisms that propels evolution and contributes to the understanding of the variety of life on Earth.
Thus, this is the main concept of natural selection.
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Could someone PLEASE HELP ME !
Answer:
c
Explanation:
Can i get brainlists
Which of the following is true about cognitive development in early adulthood? a. Pruning of synapses, along with growth and myelination of stimulated neural fibers, progresses at a faster pace in early adulthood than in adolescence b. Slowing of the cognitive system first becomes evident around age 25 c. For young adults who do not attend college, cognitive growth is unlikely d. The cognitive changes of early adulthood are supported by further development of the cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes
The correct option is D. The cognitive changes of early adulthood are supported by further development of the cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes. During early adulthood, the brain continues to undergo development, particularly in the cerebral cortex, including the frontal lobes.
Cognition refers to the mental processes and activities associated with acquiring, processing, and using knowledge and information. It encompasses a wide range of mental abilities, including perception, attention, memory, language, problem-solving, decision-making, and reasoning. Cognitive processes involve the brain's ability to gather and interpret sensory input, store and retrieve information from memory, and engage in complex thinking and problem-solving tasks.
Cognitive functioning is crucial for various aspects of human life, such as learning, communication, problem-solving, creativity, and decision-making. Understanding cognition has implications for fields like psychology, neuroscience, education, and artificial intelligence
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Compare the concentration of connective tissue cells found in bone with the concentration of those found in blood.
Answer: CONNECTIVE TISSUE is the most abundant tissue in the body which are widely separated from each other and intercellular substance (matrix) is present in considerably larger amounts. The principal cell of connective tissue are fibroblasts which makes fibres found in almost all connectiv tissues. Some are solid and strong (bone), while others are fluid and flexible( blood).
Explanation:
Connective tissues usually contain fibres present in the matrix which may be of semisolid jelly-like consistency or dense and rigid, depending upon the position and function of the tissue. There are three main types of connective tissue which include:
--> Loose connective tissue
--> Dense connective tissue and
--> specialised connective tissue.
The bone and the blood are considered to be an example of specialised connective tissue. This is so because they both contain a number of different tissues with specialized cells and unique ground substances.
The BONE consists of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. It is considered to be a specialised connective tissue because the bone cells are surrounded by a matrix of collagen fibres strengthened by inorganic salts, especially calcium and phosphate.
The BLOOD consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets. It is considered to be a specialised connective tissue because the blood cells are surrounded by fluid matrix known as plasma and connecta with other cells through its transport functions.
In COMPARING the concentration of connective tissue cells or bone and blood, the connective tissue cells of bone comsist of fibre and collagen which makes it dense and rigid while the connective tissue cells of blood does not contain any fibre, therefore it's flexible.
What are the different features of the Moon’s surface?
Answer:
Craters, hills, and various spots.
Explanation:
Spong father is a heterozygous squarepants and her mother is a roundpants, what are
her parents' possible genotypes?
Answer:
(a) If SpongeGerdy's father is a heterozygous squarepants and her mother is a ... possible genotypes that would result to help you determine Gerdy's genotype. ... sponge. She knows that they have a 50% chance of having a little roundpants, ... be blue (a recessive trait) like SpongeSusie and many members of her family.
Explanation:
Which of the following regarding most developing countries is true?
a. They have just completed the demographic transition.
b. They have experienced or are in various phases of the ec. idemiologic transition but have not completed the fertility transition.
d. They have not yet begun to enter the initial phase of the demographic transition.
e. They have experienced the fertility transition but not the epidemiologic transition.
Regarding the majority of emerging countries, it is true that the demographic shift has just been accomplished. However, the change in developing nations didn't begin until the second half of the 20th century. Hence (a) is the correct option.
Although the population grew by up to three to four percent annually, the change took place more quickly. In many developing nations, the transformation process is still ongoing. A phenomenon and theory in demography known as demographic transition describes the historical change from high birth and death rates in societies with little technology, education (especially for women), and economic development to low birth and death rates in societies with advanced technology.
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True or False?
The convection currents in the mantle
are mainly caused by heat coming
from the core.
Answer:
true
Explanation:
convection currents occur when a heated fluid expands, becoming less dense, and rises. The fluid then cools and contracts, becoming more dense, and sinks
heat go up, cold go down. they cycle.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
An organism is multicellular and lacks a cell wall. Use this table to determine the kingdom in which it belongs. justify your answer.
Solar system included all of the following except what?
Answer: Stars?
Explanation: I think it is stars because there is only one star in our solar system. I don't know for sure if it is, but I think it is. Don't be too sure of my answer.
The drawing below was sketched by a student who was observing cells under a microscope.
In what kingdom does the above cell likely belong?
Answer:
protista
Explanation:
It just looks like a protista cell, I think
Which of the following steps stops the feedback
mechanism that begins when a person's body
temperature falls below 37.C?
O A. The blood vessels slow blood flow to the
skin.
B. The brain senses that the body temperature
has reached 37°C.
C. The muscles begin to contract rapidly.
O D. The person begins to sweat.
Answer:
dont know sry
Explanation:
??????????????
Answer: B
Explanation: The brain senses that the body temperature has reached 37°C
Ground shaking can transform wet sediments into liquid-like slurries in a process known as O a liquefaction O b. sloping O c slumping O d undercutting
Liquefaction occurs when the ground shaking transforms wet sediments into liquid-like slurries in a process known as liquefaction. The correct option is A) Liquefaction.
Liquefaction is a process where loose, unconsolidated soil loses its strength due to an increase in pore water pressure that reduces the effective stress between soil particles. Liquefaction is the tendency of soil to lose strength in response to earthquake shaking or other rapid loading. The ground behaves as a liquid because of the increase in pore water pressure that occurs as the soil particles are pressed against each other.
Liquefaction is a type of ground failure that occurs in saturated, loose, sandy soils due to seismic loading, and it has caused a lot of damage in past earthquakes. During an earthquake, the pore water pressure in the soil rises and reduces the soil's strength. The water-filled voids in the soil compress under increased stress, causing the soil to behave like a liquid and lose its ability to support the weight of buildings and other structures. This results in the collapse of buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure. Therefore, ground shaking can transform wet sediments into liquid-like slurries in a process known as liquefaction.
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Following fertilization and two rounds of cell cleavage, each of the four cells of a frog embryo has a centriole that is preparing for the next cleavage. The centriole in each of these cells can trace its origins back to the original centriole provided by the _______ prior to the first cleavage. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choices secondary oocyte sperm ootid oogonium primary oocyte
Answer:
sperm
Explanation:
Centrioles are cylindrical organelles that play a major role during cell division, where they work to form the centrosome which duplicates and moves to opposite ends of the cell. The proximal centriole provided by the sperm cell mediates the separation of chromatids during the first cleavage of the fertilized egg. Upon fertilization, the proximal centriole forms the aster rays where microtubules act as a guide for the migration of the female pronucleus.
identify the highlighted structure lymphatic system half head with musculature
The highlighted structure which looks like tonsils are a part of lymphatic system as well as immune system.
The lymph nodes are small, round or bean-shaped structures that are part of the lymphatic system. They play a crucial role in filtering lymph fluid and helping in the immune response by trapping and destroying harmful substances, such as bacteria and viruses.
In the half head with musculature, the lymph nodes in the neck region would be highlighted as they are an integral part of the lymphatic system present throughout the body, including the head and neck.
Additionally, the neck region also contains various muscles responsible for movements such as neck flexion, extension, and rotation. These muscles include the sternocleidomastoid, scalene muscles, and the muscles of the suboccipital triangle, among others. The highlighting of the musculature in the half head may indicate the presence of these neck muscles along with the lymph nodes.
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how do dominant autosomal genes affect a punnett square and the probability?
Dominant autosomal genes have a specific effect on Punnett squares and the probability of inheriting certain traits. When a dominant allele is present, it only requires one copy of the allele to be expressed in the phenotype. In Punnett squares, the dominant allele is represented by a capital letter, while the recessive allele is represented by a lowercase letter.
When a parent with a dominant allele mates with a parent with a recessive allele, the Punnett square shows the possible combinations of alleles that their offspring can inherit. In this case, if the dominant allele is present in one of the parents, it will always be expressed in the phenotype of the offspring. Therefore, the probability of inheriting the dominant trait is 100% for offspring that receive the dominant allele.
For example, if a parent with the dominant allele (AA) mates with a parent with the recessive allele (aa), all of their offspring in the Punnett square will have the genotype Aa, and they will express the dominant trait. The probability of inheriting the dominant trait is 100% for these offspring.
Dominant autosomal genes in Punnett squares ensure that the dominant trait is expressed in the phenotype of the offspring when at least one copy of the dominant allele is present.
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5. Predict long-term changes to the surface landscape of the area if too much water is drawn from the ground and the water table drops further.