Answer:
C monopolies act in ways that hurt consumers
Trust
Answer:
c
Explanation:
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Radon Corporation manufactured 37,500 units during March. The following fixed overhead data pertain to March: Actual Static Budget Production 37,500 units 34,000 units Machine-hours 10,375 hours 10,200 hours Fixed overhead costs for March $213,200 $204,000 What is the fixed overhead production-volume variance?
Answer:
$21,000 Unfavorable
Explanation:
First, we need to calculate fixed overhead absorption rate.
Fixed overhead absorption rate = Fixed overhead costs for March(Static budget) ÷ Production(Static budget)
= $204,000 ÷ $34,000
= $6 per unit
Fixed overhead production volume variance
= Amount actually applied - Amount budgeted
= ($6 × 37,500) - $204,000
= $225,000 - $204,000
= $21,000 Unfavorable
A company will sell N units of a product after spending $x thousand in advertising, as given by N = 60x - x^2 5 \leq x \leq 30approximately what increase in sales will result by increasing the advertising budget from $10,000 to $11,000 and from $20,000 to $21,000?
Answer:
Explanation:
Given that:
[tex]N(x) = 60 x - x^2[/tex] where; 5 ≤ x ≤ 30
SO by increasing the advertising budget from 10,000 to 11000; the budget is increased from 10 to 11 since x is in thousands.
∴
Increase in sales = N(x₂) - N(x₁)
Increase in sales = N(11) -N(10)
Increase in sales = (60(11)-11²) - (60(10) -10²)
Increase in sales = (660 - 121) - (600 - 100)
Increase in sales = 539 - 500
Increase in sales = 39 units
By increasing the advertising budget from 20,000 to 21000; the budget is increased from 20 to 21 since x is in thousands.
∴
Increase in sales = N(x₂) - N(x₁)
Increase in sales = N(21) -N(20)
Increase in sales = (60(21)-21²) - (60(20) -20²)
Increase in sales = (1260 - 441) - (1200 - 400)
Increase in sales = 819 - 800
Increase in sales = 19 units
Why should the people on the RA team be different from the people responsible for correcting deficiencies?a. to avoid potential losses.
b. to increase profitability.
c. to avoid conflicts of interest.
d. to increase survivability.
Answer:
The correct answer is the option C: To avoid conflicts of interest.
Explanation:
To begin with, the term of risk assesstment refers to the process of identifying and analyzing possible future threats that may cause harm to the individuals or the assets of the company and from there on to evalute possible solutions to those situation that the company does not want to. Moreover, the risk manager is the one who should take care of those aspects and therefore that an RA team is the one that is being under his commands and should focus on the fact of identifying and analyzing the problems as well as evaluating instead of correcting some of those deficiencies and therefore that they need to have a different mind in the theme because they need to avoid conflicts of interest with the other team that is responsible from correcting.
On June 8, Williams Company issued an $87,600, 9%, 120-day note payable to Brown Industries. Assuming a 360-day year, what is the maturity value of the note?
The following transactions were completed by the company. The company completed consulting work for a client and immediately collected $7,000 cash earned. The company completed commission work for a client and sent a bill for $5,500 to be received within 30 days. The company paid an assistant $2,150 cash as wages for the period. The company collected $2,750 cash as a partial payment for the amount owed by the client in transaction b. The company paid $1,000 cash for this period's cleaning services. Required: Enter the impact of each transaction on individual items of the accounting equation. (Enter decreases to account balances with a minus sign.)
Answer:
The Company
The Impact of Each Transaction on the Accounting Equation:
1. Assets (Cash + $7,000) = Liabilities + Equity (Retained Earnings + $7,000)
2. Assets (Accounts Receivable + $5,500) = Liabilities + Equity (Retained Earnings + $5,500)
3. Assets (Cash -$2,150) = Liabilities + Equity (Retained Earnings -$2,150)
4. Assets (Cash +$2,750 Accounts Receivable -$2,750) = Liabilities + Equity
5. Assets (Cash -$1,000) = Liabilities + Equity (Retained Earnings -$1,000)
Explanation:
The Company applies the accounting equation, which states that Assets = Liabilities + Equity. With each transaction, the accounting equation is demonstrated as shown above. This means that each transaction that is properly recorded affects the accounting equation in two ways. Note that the accounting equation is the basis for the double-entry system of financial accounting.
If a company buys televisions from a manufacturer and then sells them to department stores, it is most probably a _____. A. retailerB. producerC. consumerD.wholesalerE. marketer
Answer:
a retailer
Explanation:
sorry if this is wrong.
The following information is available for Randall Inc.
Accounts receivable $2,400
Cash $6,250
Accounts payable 3,700
Supplies 3,760
Interest payable 580
Unearned service revenue 850
Salaries and wages expense 4,500
Salaries and wages payable 745
Notes payable 31,500
Depreciation expense 670
Common stock 50,700
Equipment (net) 108,200
Inventory 2,840
Using the information above, prepare a balance sheet as of December 31, 2022. (Hint: Solve for the missing retained earnings amount after first determining total assets and total liabilities.) (List assets in order of liquidity.)
Answer:
Retained earning $35,375
Explanation:
Randall Inc.
Balance sheet as of December 31, 2022.
Current assets
Cash $6,250
Accounts receivables $2,400
Inventory $2,840
Supplies $3,760
Fixed asset
Equipment(net) $108,200
Total assets $123,450
Liabilities and Stockholders' equity
Liabilities
Notes payable $31,500
Accounts payable $3,700
Unearned service revenue $850
Salaries and wages payable $745
Interest payable $580
Total liabilities $37,375
Stockholders' equity
Common stock $50,700
*Retained earnings $35,375
Total stockholder's equity $86,075
Total liabilities and stockholder's equity $123,450
*Note: The value for retained earning is gotten by;
Retained earning = Total assets - [Common stock + Total liabilities]
Retained earnings = $123,450 - [$50,700 + $37,375]
Retained earnings = $35,375
Retained earning $35,375
Randall Inc.
Then Balance sheet as of December 31, 2022.
the Current assets are:
Cash $6,250
Accounts receivables $2,400
Inventory $2,840
Supplies $3,760
Fixed assetEquipment(net) $108,200
Total assets $123,450
also, Liabilities and Stockholders' equity
Liabilities
Notes payable $31,500
Accounts payable $3,700
Unearned service revenue $850
Salaries and wages payable $745
Interest payable $580
Then the Total liabilities is $37,375
Stockholders' equity
Common stock $50,700
*Retained earnings $35,375
Then the Total stockholder's equity is $86,075
After that the Total liabilities and stockholder's equity is $123,450
*Note that: The value for retained earning is gotten by;
Then Retained earning is = Total assets - [Common stock + Total liabilities]
After that Retained earnings = $123,450 - [$50,700 + $37,375]
Thus, Retained earnings = $35,375
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The cost of common equity is based on the rate of return that investors require on the company's common stock. New common equity is raised in two ways: (1) by retaining some of the current year's earnings and (2) by issuing new common stock. Equity raised by issuing stock has a(n) ____________ cost, re, than equity raised from retained earnings, rs, due to flotation costs required to sell new common stock. Some argue that retained earnings should be "free" because they represent money that is left over after dividends are paid. While it is true that no direct costs are associated with retained earnings, this capital still has a cost, a(n) ______________ cost. The firm's after-tax earnings belong to its stockholders, and these earnings serve to compensate them for the use of their capital. The earnings can either be paid out in the form of dividends to stockholders who could have invested this money in alternative investments or retained for reinvestment in the firm. Therefore, the firm needs to earn at least as much on any earnings retained as the stockholders could earn on alternative investments of comparable risk. If the firm cannot invest retained earnings to earn at least rs, it should pay those funds to its stockholders and let them invest directly in stocks or other assets that will provide that return. There are three procedures that can be used to estimate the cost of retained earnings: the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the Bond-Yield-Plus-Risk-Premium approach, and the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) approach.
Answer:
Equity raised by issuing stock has a(n) HIGHER cost,
When a corporation issues new equity, they will always incur in underwriting costs and other legal expenses, e.g. the underwriter always charges a fee which can be fixed or a percentage, and the actual process of registering new stocks and issuing them costs money.While it is true that no direct costs are associated with retained earnings, this capital still has a cost, a(n) OPPORTUNITY cost.
Opportunity costs are extra costs or benefits lost resulting from choosing one activity or investment from another alternative. In this case, the owners could invest the company's earnings somewhere else and they could earn money by doing so, e.g. buy corporate bonds or other stocks.
Wyzard Corporation is a shipping container refurbishment company that measures its output by the number of containers refurbished. The company has provided the following fixed and variable cost estimates that it uses for budgeting purposes and the actual results of operations for February.
Fixed Element per Month Variable Element per Container Refurbished Actual Total for February
Revenue $3,800 $123,400
Employee salaries and wages $40,000 $1,100 $73,800
Refurbishing materials $700 $21,800
Other expenses $29,700 $28,800
When the company prepared its planning budget at the beginning of July, it assumed that 37 containers would have been refurbished. However, 32 containers were actually refurbished during the month. The revenue variance in the Revenue and Spending Variances column of a performance report comparing actual results to the flexible budget for July would have been closest to: ________
Answer:
Wyzard Corporation
The revenue variance in the Revenue and Spending Variances column of a performance report comparing actual results to the flexible budget for July would have been closest to: ________
$1,800 F
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Fixed Element Variable Element Actual Total
per Month per Container for February
Refurbished
Revenue $3,800 $123,400
Employee salaries and wages $40,000 $1,100 $73,800
Refurbishing materials $700 $21,800
Other expenses $29,700 $28,800
Revenue variance
Budgeted revenue (flexible) = $121,600 ($3,800 * 32)
Actual revenue 123,400
Variance $1,800
Squid Roe, Inc.'s $48,000 sushi bar was originally expected to be used for eight years with no residual value. Depreciation on the bar was $6,000 per year for the past two years. In the third year, management changed the estimated life of the bar to be a total of only six years instead of eight. What should Squid Roe do?
Answer:
Squid Roe should change annual depreciation expense to $9,000 per from year 3 through year 6.
Explanation:
The depreciation expense will have to change from year 3 through year 6 as a result of change from eight years to six years as follows:
Asset cost = $48,000
Depreciation expense for first two years = $6,000 * 2 = $12,000
Net book value after 2 years = Asset cost - Depreciation expense for first two years = $48,000 - $12,000 = $36,000
Remaining years after 2 years = 6 - 2 = 4
New annual depreciation expense = Net book value after 2 years / Remaining years after 2 years = $36,000 / 4 = $9,000
Therefore, Squid Roe should change annual depreciation expense to $9,000 per from year 3 through year 6.
Marigold Corp. purchased equipment on November 1, 2020 and gave a 3-month, 9% note with a face value of $86000. The December 31, 2020 adjusting entry is:____.a) debit Interest Expense and credit Interest Payable, $5,400.
b) debit Interest Expense and credit Interest Payable, $900.
c) debit Interest Expense and credit Interest Payable, $1,350.
d) debit Interest Expense and credit Cash, $900.
The options provided in the question are incorrect.
Answer:
31 Dec 2021
Interest expense 1290 Dr
Interest Payable 1290 Cr
Explanation:
Under the accrual basis or principle of accounting, we match the revenue with the expenses and record the transactions in the period to which they relate to rather than when the cash is paid or received. This means that the interest payment that is accrued for time period relating to this year should be recorded as an expense in the current period and as a liability as it will be paid in the next period. Thus, the interest on the note relating to 2 months from November 2020 to December 2020 will be recorded as follows,
Interest expense = 86000 * 0.09 * 2/12 = 1290
31 Dec 2021
Interest expense 1290 Dr
Interest Payable 1290 Cr
Post Company lends Blue Company $40,000 on April 1, accepting a 4 month, 4.5% interest note. Post Company prepares financial statements on April 30. What adjusting entry should they make?
Debit note receivable $40,000; Credit Cash $40,000
Debit interest receivable $150; Credit interest revenue $150
Debit cash $150; Credit interest revenue $150
Debit interest receivable $600; Credit interest revenue $600
Answer:Debit interest receivable $150; Credit interest revenue $150--- B
Explanation:
Interest Receivable = Principal x Rate x Time ( from April 2st to 31st--Imonth)
$40,000 x 4.5% x 1/12
= $ 150
Journal entry to record amount on interest note on April 31st
Date Account titles Debit Credit
April 31st interest receivable $150
interest revenue $150
Sheridan Inc. purchased land, building, and equipment from Laguna Corporation for a cash payment of $371,700. The estimated fair values of the assets are land $70,800, building $259,600, and equipment $94,400. At what amounts should each of the three assets be recorded?
Answer:
Land = $61,950
Building = $227,150
Equipment = $82,600
Explanation:
Total Asset Fair Value = $70,800+$259,600+$94,400
Total Asset Fair Value = $424,800
Recorder Amount
Land = [$70,800/$424,800]$371,700
Land = $61,950
Building = [$259,600/$424,800]$371,700
Building = $227,150
Equipment = [$94,400/$424,800]$371,700
Equipment = $82,600
calling sweden what is not a factor contributing to the rise of export activity in the word economy g
Answer: a. United Nations
Explanation:
The United Nations was established primarily to keep the peace in the world through the use of dialogue amongst nations to lay aside their grievances as well as cooperate in moving the planet forward. It also does a lot of humanitarian work to care for the most vulnerable groups in the world.
This means that even though there are organizations created by the UN to improve trade such as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the mandate of the UN in general is such that it cannot be said to have contributed to the rise of export activity in the world economy.
Each year, Sunshine Motos surveys 7,500 former and prospective customers regarding satisfaction and brand awareness. For the current year, the company is considering outsourcing the survey to Global Associates, who have offered to conduct the survey and summarize results for $30,300.Craig Sunshine, the president of Sunshine Motors, believes that Global will do a higher-quality job than his company has been doing, but is unwilling to spend more than $10,000 above the current costs. The head of bookkeeping for Sunshine has prepared the following summary of costs related to the survey in the prior year.
Mailing $16,600
Printing (done by Lester Print Shop) $4,500
Salary of Pat Fisher, part-time employee who stuffed envelopes and summarized data when surveys were returned (100 hours X $15) $1,500
Share of depreciation of computer and software used to track survey responses and summarized results. $1,100
Share of electricity/phone/etc. based on square feet of space occupied by Pat Fisher vs. entire company. $500
Required:
What is the incremental cost of going outside versus conducting the survey as in the past?
Answer:
incremental cost analysis
survey is done outsource survey differential
by the company to Global amount
Mailing costs $16,600 $0 ($16,600)
Printing costs $4,500 $0 ($4,500)
Labor costs $1,500 $0 ($1,500)
Outsourcing $0 $30,300 $30,300
costs
totals $22,600 $30,300 $7,700
The incremental cost of outsourcing the surveys is $7,700. Some of the current costs are unavoidable, e.g. depreciation expense and utilities, so they should not be considered in this analysis. But other costs, e.g. direct labor, are avoidable.
I know that Pat using the computer will increase the company's electric bill by a few dollars, but it would never be $500 (maybe $5). Maybe he even calls a few customers to check some answers, but again this might add $10 to the phone bill. Also, Pat using the computer's mouse or any other equipment might result in it breaking down, but that is not worth $1,500. Since the cost analysis is not specific, it is safer not to include depreciation or utilities.
Bishop has a capital balance of $120,000 in a local partnership, and Cotton has a $90,000 balance. These two partners share profits and losses by a ratio of 60 percent to Bishop and 40 percent to Cotton. Lovett invests $60,000 in cash in the partnership for a 20 percent ownership. The goodwill method will be used. What is Cotton's capital balance after this new investment?
a) $99,600
b) $102,000
c) $112,000
d) $126,000
Answer:
b) $102,000
Explanation:
Calculation of goodwill
Lovett investment $60,000
Actual value of partnership = $60,000/20% = 300,000
Partnership capital = $120,000 + $90,000 + $60,000 = $270,000
Goodwill = $300,000 - $270,000 = $30,000
Distribution of Goodwill
Bishop = $30,000 * 60% = $18,000
Cotton = $30,000 * 40% = $12,000
Cotton's Capital = $90,000 + $12,000 = $102,000. Thus, Cotton's capital balance after this new investment is $102,000
Vulcan Flyovers offers scenic overflights of Mount St. Helens, the volcano in Washington State that explosively erupted in 1982. Data concerning the company’s operations in July appear below:
Vulcan Flyovers Operating Data For the Month Ended July 31
Actual Results Flexible Budget Planning Budget
Flights (q) 57 57 55
Revenue ($340.00q) $16,400 $19,380 $18,700
Expenses:
Wages and salaries ($3,600 + $87.00q) 8,525 8,559 8,385
Fuel ($34.00q) 2,100 1,938 1,870
Airport fees ($870 + $34.00q) 2,693 2,808 2,740
Aircraft depreciation ($9.00q) 513 513 495
Office expenses ($230 + $1.00q) 455 287 285
Total expense 14,286 14,105 13,775
Net operating income $2,114 $5,275 $4,925
The company measures its activity in terms of flights. Customers can buy individual tickets for overflights or hire an entire plane for an overflight at a discount.
Required:
Prepare a flexible budget performance report for July that includes revenue and spending variances and activity variances.
Answer:
1. Revenue and Spending Variance
Revenue = (19,380 - 16,400) = 2980 U
Expenses
Wages & Salaries = 8,559 - 8,525 = 34 U
Fuel = 1,870 - 1,938 = 68 F
Airport Fees = 2,808 - 2,693 = 115 U
Aircraft Depreciation = 0 None
Office Expenses = 287 - 455 = 168 F
Total Expenses = 87 F
Net Operating Income = 5,275 - 2,114 = 3161 U
2. Activity Variances
Activity Variances are used to compare revenue and cost item between the planning budget and flexible budget of the company.
Revenue = 18,700 - 19,380 = 680 U
Expenses
Wages and salaries = 8,385 - 8,559 = 174 U
Fuel = 1,870 - 1,938 = 68 U
Airport fees = 2,740 - 2,808 = 68 U
Aircraft depreciation = 495 - 513 = 18 U
Office expenses = 285 - 287 = 2 U
Total expense = 330 U
Net operating income = 4,925 - 5,275 = 350 U
Griggs Pharmaceuticals entered into a licensing agreement with Lake Superior Lab for a new drug under development. Griggs will receive $8,100,000 if the new drug receives FDA approval. Based on prior approval, Griggs determines that it is 85% likely that the drug will gain approval. The transaction price of this arrangement should be:______.a. $8,100,000.b. $6,885,000.c. $1,215,000.d. $0 until approval is received.
Answer:
$8,100,000
Explanation:
Based on the information given we were told that the Pharmaceuticals company had a licensing agreement with another company which is Superior Lab for the purpose of a new drug which is under development in which Griggs company will receive the amount of $8,100,000 assuming the new drug receives FDA approval which means that the transaction price of arrangement should be the amount of $8,100,000 that will be receiving by Griggs company assuming the new drug receives FDA approval.
who remabers portal?
Answer:
me
Explanation:
Madison Company issued an interest-bearing note payable with a face amount of $30,600 and a stated interest rate of 8% to the Metropolitan Bank on August 1, Year 1. The note carried a one-year term.
a. The amount of cash flow from operating activities on the 2016 statement of cash flows would be:________
b. Based on this information alone, the amount of total liabilities appearing on Madison's Year 1 balance sheet would be:________
Answer:
a. $0
b. $31,620
Explanation:
a. Notes Payable do not fall under Operating activities in the cashflow statement but rather under Financing Activities which is where cash transactions that provide the business with capital and liability funds are accounted for.
The Operating activity balance from this is therefore $0.
b. The liabilities will include the Note and the interest accumulated at year end.
Interest accumulated = 30,600 * 8% * 5/12 months = $1,020
Liabilities = 30,600 + 1,020 = $31,620
Milner Company is working on two job orders. The job cost sheets show the following. Assign costs to work in process.
Job 201 Job 202
Direct materials $7,200 $9,000
Direct labor 4,000 8,000
Manufacturing overhead 5,200 9,800
Required:
Prepare the three summary entries to record the assignment of costs to Work in Process from the data on the job cost sheets.
Answer:
Full Question "(a) (To assign materials to jobs.) (b) (To assign labor to jobs.) (c) (To assign overhead to jobs.)"
No Date Account Title and Explanation Debit Credit
a Work in process inventory $16,200
($7,200+$9,000)
Raw material inventory $16,200
(To assign materials to jobs)
b. Work in process inventory $12,000
($4,000+$8,000)
Factory labour $12,000
(To assign labour to job)
c. Work in process inventory $15,000
($5,200+$9,800)
Manufacturing overhead $15,000
(To assign overhead to jobs)
What is the price of a stock today if it pays a Dividend TODAY of $2. Its growth rate is 5%, and its market return is 12%?
Answer:
$30.00
Explanation:
The price of the stock can be derived from the stock theoretical price formula given and explained below:
stock price=expected dividend/(market return-growth rate)
expected dividend=dividend paid today*(1+growth rate)
expected dividend=$2*(1+5%)
expected dividend=$2.10
market rate of return=12%
growth rate=5%
stock price=$2.10/(12%-5%)
stock price=$2.10/7%
stock price=$30.00
Sprinkle Co. sells its product for $20 per unit. During 2013, it produced 60,000 units and sold 50,000 units (there was no beginning inventory). Costs per unit are: direct materials $5, direct labor $3, and variable overhead $1. Fixed costs are: $240,000 manufacturing overhead, and $30,000 selling and administrative expenses. Under absorption costing, what amount of fixed overhead is deferred to a future period?
Jam J Inc.'s contribution margin ratio is 58% and its fixed monthly expenses are $36,000. Assuming that the fixed monthly expenses do not change, what is the company's net operating income in a month when sales are $103,000?
Answer:
the net operating income is $23,740
Explanation:
The computation of the company net operating income is shown below:
As we know that
Sales $103,000
Less: Variable cost -$43,260 ($103,000 × 0.58)
Contribution margin $59,740 ($103,000 × 0.58)
Less: Fixed cost -$36,000
Net operating income $23,740
hence, the net operating income is $23,740
On October 1, 20XX, Bartley Corporation issued 5%, 10-year bonds with a face value of $500,000 at $520,000. The entry to record the issuance of the bonds would include a:___________
a) credit of $20,000 to Premium on Bonds Payable
b) credit of $520,000 to Bonds Payable
c) debit of $20,000 to Discount on Bonds Payable
d) credit of $480,000 to Bonds Payable
Answer:
b) credit of $520,000 to Bonds Payable
Explanation:
Date Accounts titles and explanation Debit Credit
Oct. 1 Cash $520,000
Premium on bonds payable $20,000
Bonds payable $500,000
(To record the issuance of bond at premium)
Banana Company hired some students to help count inventory during their semester break. Unfortunately, the students added incorrectly and the 2020 ending inventory was overstated by $6,000. What would be the effect of this error in ending inventory?
Answer: a. 2020 net income will be overstated
Explanation:
Ending Inventory is used in the calculation of Cost of Goods sold. It is subtracted from the Cost of Goods sold so if it is Overstated then that means that Cost of Goods sold is understated.
Cost of Goods sold is subtracted from Revenue to find income so if Cost of Goods sold is Understated then Net Income will be Overstated in turn.
Over a five-year period, (nominal) GDP in a nation increased from $10 trillion to $15 trillion, while the GDP price deflator increased from 100 to 125. Approximately how much is GDP in year five, stated in terms of year-one dollars?
Answer:
The GDP in year five, stated in terms of year-one dollars, is approximately $12 trillion.
Explanation:
This can be calculate using the following formula:
Real GDP in year five = Nominal GDP in year five / (GDP price deflator in year five / GDP price deflator in year-one) ................... (1)
Where;
Real GDP in year five = Amount of GDP in year five, stated in terms of year-one dollars = ?
Nominal GDP in year five = $15 trillion
GDP price deflator in year five = 125
GDP price deflator in year-one = 100
Substituting the into equation (1), we have:
Real GDP in year five = $15 / (125 / 100) = $15 / 1.25 = $12 trillion
Therefore, the GDP in year five, stated in terms of year-one dollars, is approximately $12 trillion.
Why can some taxes that appear to be regressive in terms of current income be thought of as progressive from a lifetime tax incidence perspective?
Answer:
The description is outlined in the clarification segment below, as per the case provided.
Explanation:
The prevalence of either a lifetime tax on some kind of fixed income has been known to be a long-term perspective including its broader economic impact of taxation since they complement instead of just replace. The existing income taxes would raise the quarterly funds to meet, but perhaps the cumulative occurrence of tax would enhance the power to charge for existence.Analyze how Nintendo recreated the home video game business following the Atari-era boom and bust. How was Nintendo able to capture value in the home video game business?
Answer: Cost leadership and differenciation in quality
Explanation:
Cost leadership; Nitendo was able to reduce production cost by subcontracting most of it's production, while the rest of it's production were done within(in-house), with this effect in cost of production reduced, Nitendo was able to reduce selling price and beat the competition in the market.
Differentiation in quality; Nintendo came with quality, their graphics and sounds were top-notch, despite that, they still invested more in main them better with better technology innovation.