How has genetics changed overtime

Answer:

Osmosis

Explanation:

Osmosis: The movement of water from an area of high concentration to a low concentration through a partially permeable membrane.

The disorders caused by mutations are called genetic disorders.

Genetic mutations are alterations in the genetic material of an organism due to changes in the linear order of nucleotide bases in the genome that form the genetic material of the cells of such organism.

Moreover,  genetic mutations cause genetic disorders that are inherited through the germinal line when these mutations are able to pass from parents to offspring, in a process that involves the transference of genetic material from the egg cell or the sperm cell to the first somatic cell which is called the zygote.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that  genetic mutations are able to cause genetic disorders that are alterations in the genetic material passed from parents to offspring through the germinal line, i.e. by the egg cell or the spermatic gametic cells

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Eicosanoids are NOT classified as an amino acid-derivative hormone.

Eicosanoids are oxidized derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with 20 carbons that are produced by the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (cytP450) pathways. The most common substrate for eicosanoid synthesis is arachidonic acid (ARA).

Eicosanoids are signaling molecules produced by the enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid or other polyunsaturated fatty acids with around 20 carbon units in length, similar to arachidonic acid.

Eicosanoids, which are produced from 20 carbon PUFAs, are important mediators and regulators of inflammation. As a result, eicosanoids serve as a bridge between PUFAs and inflammatory processes. When PUFAs are released from the phospholipid membrane by various phospholipases, eicosanoids are formed.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The pyramid shape is often used to represent energy pyramids, biomass pyramids, and numbers pyramids because it visually conveys the hierarchical structure and relative proportions of the entities being represented. In an energy pyramid, for example, the pyramid shape can be used to represent the flow of energy from one trophic level to the next, with the largest amount of energy at the bottom of the pyramid and the least amount of energy at the top. Similarly, in a biomass pyramid, the pyramid shape can be used to represent the relative amount of biomass at each trophic level, with the largest amount of biomass at the bottom and the least amount at the top. And in a numbers pyramid, the pyramid shape can be used to represent the relative number of individuals at each trophic level, with the largest number at the bottom and the least number at the top. Overall, the pyramid shape is a useful visual tool for representing hierarchical structures and the relative proportions of the entities within them.

Both the use of structural templates derived from enzyme active areas and a global comparison of protein structures to uncover homology can be utilized to infer function from structure.

Why is it so difficult to anticipate protein structure?

Because some mutations can make this prediction robust while others require fine-tuning, it is challenging to predict protein shape given an amino acid sequence.

What are the three methods of analysis used to determine protein content?

The methods most frequently employed to estimate the amount of protein in food are the Dumas method, direct measurement methods utilizing UV spectroscopy, and measurement of refractive index.

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A) Coeloms are animals with an inner body cavity and hence the ability of the inner connecting system to suspend the central gut in the middle of the animals. As opposed to the acoelomate having a body cavity has the following advantages

It helps in movement in circulatory system and other body organs

It helps in formation of hard endoskeleton

It helps in formation of digestive tract in those organisms

It provides mobility to the body. A body cavity allows them the freedom for movement.

B). Rotifers are phototrophic, meaning that they are attracted to light but do not require it.

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Answer:

The colot that represents protection is black

Explanation:

Black is the color of protection, banishing, grounding, and safety.

Extreme ischemic stroke is caused by atherosclerosis, also known as arteriosclerosis. Atherosclerosis occurs when fat and cholesterol build up in the arteries and blood vessels, narrowing the arteries.

Stroke is also called cerebrovascular accident. Atherothrombotic stroke is the most common. It occurs when blood clots form in atherosclerotic plaques in the blood vessels of the brain, blocking blood flow to that part of the brain.

Plaque conformation can be divided into three main stages: 1) fatty streak, which represents induction, 2) plaque progression, which represents adaptation, and 3) plaque collapse, which represents clinical complications of atherosclerosis.

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No, the virus do not have the cell membrane as the virus is considered an exception to the cell theory because the virus contains genetic material but no organelles.

The earliest evidence for the occurrence of viruses was the discovery of an infectious agent in the sap of a tobacco plant. Experiments were set with different filters from which bacteria could pass but viruses being even smaller than bacteria could not pass.

Viruses were difficult to study because they are very small and couldn't be seen even under a microscope.Wendell Stanley made his studies on the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).

Therefore,No, the virus do not have the cell membrane as the virus is considered an exception to the cell theory because the virus contains genetic material but no organelles.

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The DNA compliment of the above-mentioned strand is ATA-ATC-TAA-TGA (option C).

DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division.

DNA replication is a very important process that must occur prior to cell division because it ensures that each daughter cell receives the correct amount of genetic material.

The first step in DNA replication is to ‘unzip’ the double helix structure of the DNA molecule with the aid of an enzyme called helicase which breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the complementary bases of DNA together (A with T, C with G).

The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape called a replication ‘fork’. The two separated strands will act as templates for making the new strands of DNA.

Since Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C), this means that if a DNA strand of TAT-TAG-ATT-ACA undergoes replication, the complimentary DNA strand will be as follows: ATA-ATC-TAA-TGA.

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The Monggo's scientific name is Vigna radiata. The use of vigna radiata as a traditional medicine dates back many years and it is a significant pulse that is consumed all over the world, particularly in Asian nations.

It is a well-known excellent source of protein, dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins, and considerable levels of bioactive components, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, and peptides. As a result, it has gained popularity as a functional food for maintaining good health. The mung bean has been shown to have hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory properties, as well as the ability to lower blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure, prevent cancer and melanogenesis, and alleviate hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension.

The concentration and characteristics of the active chemicals found in the mung bean are principally responsible.

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The model of magnetic attraction and magnetic repulsion are given below:

Repulsion: N <----> N or S <----> S

Attraction: N ---><--- S or S --><--- N

The law of magnetism states that like poles repel and unlike poles attract.

The poles of a magnet refer to the ends of a magnet. There are two poles in a magnet; the North pole and the South pole.

The North pole of a magnet is the end of the magnet that points toward the geographical north when a bar magnet is suspended in the Earth's magnetic field.

The south pole of a magnet is the end of the magnet that points toward the geographical south when a bar magnet is suspended in the Earth's magnetic field.

When two North poles of a bar magnet are brought close to each other, they repel themselves. Similarly, when two South poles of a bar magnet are brought close to each other, they repel themselves.

However, when a North pole and a South pole of a bar magnet are brought close to each other, they attract themselves.

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Answer:Arteriosclerosis is a disease that blocks the wall of arteries due to aging. Whereas atherosclerosis is a medical disorder that damages the lumen of the arteries by plaque deposits

Explanation:

The correct parts of an animal cell are as follows nucleus, nuclear envelope, nucleolus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, vacuoles, centrioles, ribosomes, cytoskeleton (microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments), mitochondria, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and apparatus Golgi.

Animal cells are cells with a complex nucleus with a nuclear envelope consisting of two membranes. Animal cells belong to the eukaryotic cell type.

Animal cells have three main parts: the plasma membrane, the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The plasma membrane is the outermost part of the cell, while the cytoplasm is the liquid inside the cell. The nucleus in animal cells is covered by a nuclear envelope and within it is the nucleolus. The nucleolus functions for protein synthesis.

Some of the organelles in animal cells, namely vacuoles, are liquid bounded by a membrane in the form of inward folds. Centrioles are collections of microtubules that act as poles of cell division. Ribosomes in animal cells function for the process of protein synthesis. The cytoskeleton is a cell framework consisting of microtubules, acttin filaments, and intermediate filaments. Mitochondria are the cell's energy-producing organelles with a two-layer, indented inner membrane and a broad, smooth membrane. The endoplasmic reticulum is a hollow tube. There are two types of animal cells, namely rough ER and smooth ER. Rough ER is covered by ribbosomes, while smooth ER is not attached to ribosomes.

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The grass in the warm soil has more saturated fatty acid in its plasma membrane, whereas the grass in the native relatively cool region has more unsaturated fatty acid.

Because fatty acids remain fluid at lower temperatures, grasses living in cooler regions are predicted to contain more unsaturated fatty acids in their membranes. Hot-weather grasses are anticipated to have more saturated fatty acids, which allows the fatty acids to "stack" closer together, making the plasma membranes less fluid and thus assisting them to remain untouched at elevated temperature.

During cold acclimation, membrane lipids have become more unsaturated, and a reverse reaction transpired during warm acclimation. Membrane lipids, on the other hand, had shown no warm acclimation, which could be attributed to the moderate change in temperature.

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Because they may reproduce without a partner, snails do grow in number quickly. Snails only fertilize their own eggs.

Snails have a monthly reproductive rate of up to once when the right circumstances are present (warm temperature, high humidity). Garden snails can lay an average of 86 eggs every reproductive cycle, and because they typically have five reproductive cycles year, this equates to 430 eggs per snail per year.

Due to an availability of food, snail populations are on the rise. Sometimes they consume the same foods that your fish do. Because snails multiply more quickly when fish are overfed, there is a type of cascading effect once this process starts.

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Your anwser is Strain

95% of the time required to complete a full cycle, the cells typically spend in interphase.

A cell's growth and division are governed by a series of events known as the cell cycle. The majority of a cell's time is spent in interphase, where it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and gets ready for cell division. After that, the cell enters mitosis, completes its division, and leaves interphase. Interphase (G1, S, and G2) precedes the mitotic phase (M, mitosis, and cytokinesis) in the cell cycle.

Total time of the cell cycle = M + G1 + S + G2

= 1 + 9 + 7 + 3

= 20 hours

As is well known, DNA synthesis and cell growth take place during the interphase.

Therefore, Interphase time =  = G1 + S + G2

= 9 + 7 + 3

= 19

So, the percentage time spent in Interphase = 19/20 × 100

= 95%

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(complete question)

Based on Figure 1, what percent of the time required to complete a full cycle do the cells typically spend in interphase?

answer choices

5

35

50

95

There are no cells in viruses. The genetic material they possess is shielded by a protein sheath (either DNA or RNA).

Nucleic acid (the genome) and protein are the two primary components of infectious viral particles. All viruses that have an envelope also have lipid in the envelope and carbohydrates in their glycoprotein peplomers (as well as that in the nucleic acid).

In virology, viruses choose a protective protein coat over the cell walls that certain living things have in place of the nucleic acid. This kind of covering is known as a capsid.

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Tattoos typically hurt more than piercings, Because the needles used for tattoos are larger and penetrate the skin further than those used for piercings

Because the needles used for tattoos are larger and penetrate the skin further than those used for piercings, tattoos typically cause more pain than piercings. However, there are no hard and fast rules about how much pain you'll feel from a tattoo or piercing because everyone experiences pain differently.

The location of your tattoo or piercing, your individual pain tolerance, the size and complexity of the tattoo or piercing design, and whether you are getting a tattoo or piercing for the first time or have had one in the past all play a role in how much pain you experience from them.

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Activities like walking, jogging, running are promotes cardiovascular fitness. Sports such as soccer, basketball, squash and tennis may also improve your cardiovascular fitness.

What is cardiovascular fitness?

A lot can be learned about your health and the likelihood of certain health outcomes from your cardiorespiratory fitness, or CRF. Simply put, CRF measures how effectively your body transfers oxygen to your muscles and organs during prolonged exercise.

According to the given question:

You can exercise without becoming overly exhausted because your heart, lungs, and blood vessels are in good shape. Walking, jogging, biking, dancing, running, and riding a bike are all examples of exercises. Swimming over long distances is a great way to work your heart.

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BbSs and Bbss are the genotypes of the parents that would produce a cross with 3/8 black solid, 3/8 black spotted, 1/8 chestnut solid, and 1/8 chestnut spotted puppies.

The genotype of an organism is its complete set of genetic material. Genotype can also be used to refer to the alleles or variants an individual carries in a particular gene or genetic location.

A genotype is a scoring of the type of variant present at a given location (i.e., a locus) in the genome. It can be represented by symbols. For example, BB, Bb, bb could be used to represent a given variant in a gene.

The different types of genotypes are- homozygous recessive (pp), homozygous dominant (PP), and heterozygous (Pp). The homozygous dominant and the heterozygous genotypes show the same phenotypes.

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Option D; Lymph is most similar to blood plasma

Blood plasma is a clear liquid with an amber hue that does not include any blood cells. It does, however, have suspended proteins and other blood components. The intravascular portion of extracellular fluid is plasma, which accounts for approximately 55% of the body's total blood volume[1] (all body fluid outside cells). It contains significant dissolved proteins (6–8%; for example, serum albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen), glucose, clotting factors, electrolytes (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, Cl, etc.), hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation), oxygen, and up to 95% by volume of water. It plays a crucial part in an intravascular osmotic effect that maintains electrolyte concentration balance and safeguards the body against infection and other blood-related problems.

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c. The environment favors those individuals with the best phenotypes for survival. correctly identifies how natural selection causes a change in species over time.

Organisms that are able to survive and reproduce in a particular environment thanks to heritable (genetically determined) phenotypes typically produce more offspring than their competitors. Heritable phenotypes that aid in reproduction and survival will become increasingly common in the population if this pattern persists over time.

The population will not only change its genetic makeup and inheritable characteristics, but it will also change in a way that makes it better fit its environment.

The theory of natural selection is the name given to this.

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The positive impacts of genetically modified foods on society and the environment:

Genetically modified (GM) crops can aid in the reduction of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. GM yield gains, in addition to potentially lowering production emissions, also mitigate land-use change and associated emissions. GMOs have assisted farmers in reducing their environmental impact by allowing them to use fewer inputs and shift to reduced tillage. These practises have resulted in less tractor time, less fuel used, and fewer emissions.

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Bronchi branch into bronchioles, which branch into alveoli.

What are bronchi?

Your bronchi are the broad tubes that join to your trachea (windpipe) and send air to your left and right lungs, respectively. Your chest contains them. The word "bronchus" is pluralized as "bronchi." Your left lung receives air through your left bronchus. Your right lung receives air through your right bronchus. A crucial component of your respiratory system is your bronchi. Your bronchi distribute the air inside your lung as you breathe and your lungs expand.

Hence, Alveoli are created when bronchi branch into bronchioles.

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Answer: The periphrastic space is the area between the cell wall and the plasma membrane. It is here that secreted proteins (mannoproteins), which are unable to permeate the cell wall, are located. These proteins fulfill essential functions such as enzymes for hydrolyzing some sugars, for example, sucrose, and melibiose.

Explanation:

Answer: The periplasmic space is the area between the cell wall and the plasma membrane. It is here that secreted proteins (mannoproteins), which are unable to permeate the cell wall, are located. These proteins fulfil essential functions such as enzymes for hydrolysing some sugars, for example, sucrose, and melibiose.

The most crucial action we can take to help save coral reefs is -

Recycling and safe trash disposal are important because marine debris can affect coral reefs. Recycle your waste wherever you are, especially plastic, and don't forget the three R's (reduce, reuse, and recycle). To prevent trash from being blown or washed into streams and oceans, properly dispose of rubbish in bins.

Never leave cigarette butts in the sand or leave any litter behind on beaches. By helping to pick up trash in your town, you can help keep your rivers and streams clean. Consult the neighborhood. Recycling is the best way to protect coral reefs.

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In meiosis, the chromosome or chromosomes duplicate (during interphase) and homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material (chromosomal crossover) during the first division, also known as meiosis I.

A crucial step in mitosis is the condensing of interphase chromatin to create the compact chromosomes of mitotic cells. This step is essential for the chromosomes to proceed down the mitotic spindle without breaking or becoming entangled with one another.

Therefore, the goal of meiosis is to create gametes, or sperm and eggs, with half the genetic makeup of the parent cells.

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Based on the data, he should accept the hypothesis because amylase reacts fastest near normal human body temperature and slower above and below normal human body temperature.

The correct option is C.

The rate of a reaction is the rate at which reactant molecules are used up or the rate at which products are formed.

In the body, the molecules that speed up the rate of the reaction occurring in the body are called enzymes.

Enzymes are mostly proteins and thus, are easily denatured by heat.

Enzymes function best at temperatures close to the body temperature of  37ºC (degrees Celsius).

An example of an enzyme is amylase found in saliva.

Amylase is responsible for the digestion of starchy foods.

Based on the results of the experiment conducted by the scientist, it can be concluded that his hypothesis is correct.

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