Difference between crystallization and evaporation to dryness : crystallization is the formation of solid crystal from liquid whereas evaporation is the formation of vapor from liquid.
Crystallization is defined as the the process in which pure solid separates in the form of crystal from solution .
Evaporation to dryness is used to separate solute thermally when soluble solid does not decompose on heating. crystallization is better than evaporation to dryness because in the process of evaporation some solid in the mixture get decomposed leaving impurities. during the process of evaporation.
The major difference is that in crystallization is the formation of solid crystal from liquid whereas evaporation is the formation of vapor from liquid.
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Which of the following is NOT an example of matter?
O All of these are examples of matter
O air
O gold
O apple juice
O a rose bush
Answer: All of these are examples of matter
Explanation:
Matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume. All examples have mass (including air) and take up space, so the answer is, "All of these are examples of matter."
Hope this helps.
Which of the following is NOT a true statement?
Two or more atoms held together with bonds make up a molecule..
O Pure Substances are made of only one type of atom.
O At least two types of atoms are required to make a compound.
Mixtures can be made of two elements, two compounds, or an element and a
compound.
Two or more atoms held together with bonds make up a molecule is not the true statement
Bonds arise from the electrostatic forces between positively charged atomic nuclei and negatively charged electrons and covalent bond is defined as a chemical bond that includes the sharing of electron pair between atoms and the pair of electrons are know as bonding pairs and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms
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1. 21.0 g of hydrogen is mixed with 7.0 g of nitrogen. What is the maximum mass of ammonia that can be produced from this reaction?
Use the equation shown below to answer the following question
28 g
17 g
8.5 g
4.3 g
The maximum mass of ammonia that can be produced from this reaction is 17g
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in a substance or an object
Here first the reaction is
3H₂ + N₂ → 2NH₃ so the correct reaction is
N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃
So we have to find maximum mass of ammonia = ?
Molar mass of N₂ = 28.02 g/mol
Mass of N₂ = 7.0g
Mole N₂ = (7.0g/28.02 g/mol) =0.24 mol and
Molar mass of H₂ = 2.016 g/mol
Mass of H₂ = 21.0g
Mole H₂ = 21.0g/2.026 g/mol = 10.36 mol
So here 1 mole of N₂ reacts with 3 moles of H₂ to produce 2 moles of NH₃
So 0.24 mol×3 = 0.72 mol mol of H₂ to produce in the reaction
Therefore, 10.36 mol of H₂ react means 10.36 mol /3 = 3.45mol of N₂ to produce(2/3)×10.36 mol = 6.90mol of NH₃
But the amount of N₂ available for reaction with H₂ = 0.24mol
So, the N₂ is in excess of (0.24mol - 3.45) = 3.21mol and this will remain after the reaction
And the amount of NH₃ produced = 6.90mol
Molar mass of NH3 = 17.03 g/mol
Therefore, mass of NH₃ produced = mole of NH₃ produced x molar mass of NH₃ = 6.90mol × 17.03 g/mol = 17g
The maximum mass of ammonia that can be produced from this reaction is 17g
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a certain hydrate has the formula mgso4 ∙ x h2o. a 54.2g sample of the compound is heated in an oven to drive off the water. if the steam generated exerts a pressure of 24.8atm in a 2.00l contained at 120.°c, calculate x.
The molecular formula of the given compound is [tex]MgSO_4.7H_2O[/tex]
The number of atoms in each element inside a single chemical molecule is expressed by the molecular formula. The definition of a molecular formula is the formula that shows the exact number of atoms in a molecule. The empirical formula is used to derive the Molecular Formula when the molar mass value is known. The molecular formula specifies the number of distinct types of atoms contained in a chemical molecule.
The ideal gas equation is:-
PV = nRT
Here,
Pressure, P = 24.8 atm
Volume, V = 2.00 L
Temperature, T = (120 + 273.15) K = 393.15 K
No. of moles, n =??
Molar gas constant, R= 0.082 Latm/molK
Putting the values in the above Equation,
n = PV / RT
n = 24.8 x 2 / 0.082 x 393.15
n = 1.54 moles
Now molecular weight of water = 18 g/mol
So, wt. of water produced = (1.54 × 18) g = 27.7 g [tex]H_2O[/tex]
Here [tex]MgSO_4. xH_2O[/tex] used = 54.2g
So, in 54.2 g, [tex]MgSO_4. xH_2O[/tex], [tex]H_2O[/tex] present = (54.2 - 27.7) g = 26.5g
Molar mass of [tex]MgSO_4[/tex] = 120.36 g/mol.
So,
Here in 26.534 g [tex]MgSO_4[/tex], water present 27.7g
So,
In 120.36g [tex]MgSO_4[/tex], water present = 27.7 / 26.5 x 120.36 = 125.8g
So, no. of moles of [tex]H_2O[/tex] = 125.8 / 18 = 6.98 = 7 moles
Therefore, with one mole of [tex]MgSO_4[/tex], water molecule present = 7 moles.
Result:
Thus, Molecular formula is [tex]MgSO_4.7H_2O[/tex]
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A tentative procedure is given below.
1. Add 50 mL of the unknown acid to a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask.
2. ???
3. As soon as the solution turns a light pink and does not disappear after stirring, stop adding Sodium hydroxide. Record the volume in the data table below.
What should step 2 be in your procedures to perform a titration on an unknown concentration of a monoprotic acid with a known concentration of sodium hydroxide?
A) Add two drops of phenolphthalein to the buret of acid, the mixture will remain clear. Fill your buret with mixture and begin to add to the Erlenmeyer flask of acid. Use the glass stirring rod to mix the solution as you add drops of acid to the Erlenmeyer flask.
B) Add two drops of phenolphthalein to the Erlenmeyer flask of acid until it turns a pink color. Fill your buret with NaOH solution and begin to add to the Erlenmeyer flask of acid. Use the glass stirring rod to mix the solution as you add drops of NaOH to the Erlenmeyer flask.
C) Fill your buret with NaOH solution and begin to add to the Erlenmeyer flask of acid. Use the glass stirring rod to mix the solution as you add drops of NaOH to the Erlenmeyer flask.
D) Add two drops of phenolphthalein to the Erlenmeyer flask of acid, the mixture will remain clear. Fill your buret with NaOH solution and begin to add to the beaker of acid. Use the glass stirring rod to mix the solution as you add drops of NaOH to the Erlenmeyer flask.
Step 2 option B) Add two drops of phenolphthalein to the Erlenmeyer flask of acid until it turns a pink color. Fill your buret with NaOH solution and begin to add to the Erlenmeyer flask of acid. Use the glass stirring rod to mix the solution as you add drops of NaOH to the Erlenmeyer flask.
To get the maximum accurate measurement of how lots base is needed to react with the acid, we need to make sure the solutions are constantly combined collectively nicely so that it will completely react.
Titrations are used to decide the quantity of 1 substance present by way of reacting it with a known amount of some other substance. as instance, you could discover the molar mass of acid with the aid of titrating the acid with a solution of the base of regarded concentration.
The answers will start with turning blue, but after a few moments, it will become colorless. To carry out the demo, stopper the flask and shake the solution vigorously, ensuring to maintain the stopper in place with one hand. the answer will flip blue after enough shaking.
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How do we reuse material like plastic container and footwear
Answer:
Explanation:
-Soda Bottle Sprinkler
-DIY Kitchen Storage Containers
-Piggy Bottle Bank
- pencil case
- shoe pot for plants
- turn shoe into sandals
help pls
A 36.4-l volume of methane gas is heated from 25°c to 88°c at constant pressure. what is the final volume of the gas?
Answer:
44.1 liters
Explanation:
We can use the combined gas law:
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2,
where P, V, and T are the pressures(P), volumes(V), and temperatures(T), for the initial (P1,V1,T1) and final states (P2,V2,T2). Note that the temperatures must be in Kelvin (add 273.15 to C to make it K).
We are given all the conditions except V2, the final volume. Let's rearrange the gas law to solve for V2:
V2 = V1(T2/T1)(P1/P2)
Note the way I organized the temperature and pressures into ratios of their starting and final conditions. This makes it easier to visualize how changes will impact the final volume. If the temperatue goes up, (T2/T1) will increase and V2 will increse. But it we increase pressure, (P1/P2) will drop, casuing a reduction in volume.
Enter the data.
V1 =36.4L
T1 = 298.2K
T2 = 361.2K
Pressures are not given, but are said to remain the same: "at constant pressure." We need a pressure, so we can assume for the sake of simplicity, that the pressure is 1 atm (both P1 and P2). We can see from the ratio of the two, that the absolute value of the pressure makes no difference (P1/P2) since P1=P2 and the ratio is simply 1.
V2 = V1(T2/T1)(P1/P2)
V2 = (36.4L)(361.2K/298.2K)(1atm/1atm)
The ratio of the temperatures clearly tells us that the final volume should increase, by around 20% (about 60K higher than 300K). Now do the calculation and see if the volume change is indeed around 20% higher.
V2 = 44.1L
This is around a 20% increase and is higher than the initial volume, so let's claim our work is done.
the addition of 0.3800 l of 1.150 m kcl to a solution containing ag and pb2 ions is just enough to precipitate all of the ions as agcl and pbcl2. the total mass of the resulting precipitate is 61.90 g. find the masses of pbcl2 and agcl in the precipitate.
The mass of PbCl2 and AgCl is respectively 23.82 grams and 38.08 grams.
Solution -
Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution
Moles of Cl- from KCl = molarity × volume in liter = 1.150 * 0.380 = 0.437
Let mass of AgCl = x grams
Moles of AgCl = x/143.32
So moles of Cl- from AgCl = x/143.32
Moles of PbCl2 = (61.90 - x) / 278.106
So moles of Cl- from PbCl2 = 2 × (61.90-x) / 278.106 = (61.90-x) / 139.053
Now,
(x/143.32) + (61.90-x) / 139.053 = 0.437
139.053x + 8871.508 - 143.32x = 8709.0062
- 4.267x = -162.5018
x = 38.08
Thus,
Mass of AgCl = x = 38.08 grams
Mass of PbCl2 = 61.9 - 38.08 = 23.82 grams
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Which letter(s) on the heating curve represents a change in kinetic energy? (Select all that apply.)
Select 3 correct answer(s)
D
E
A
B
C
Kinetic energy change is represented by a heat change in the heating curve. The letters which represents a change in kinetic energy are A,C,E.
What is kinetic energy?It is a form of energy by virtue of the motion of molecules. Kinetic energy is directly proportional to mass and velocity of the moving object.
According to kinetic theory of gases, as the temperature increase, the molecules acquire more energy to move apart and thereby, the kinetic energy also increases.
For an endothermic process like, sublimation heat energy is absorbed and thus kinetic energy is increased. From the graph, it is clear that, the in step A to B and B to D as well as D to E are associated with a heat change.
Stages B and D are stable and therefore, A, C and E are associated with a change in kinetic energy.
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PLEASE HELP, AWARDING BRAINLIEST!
The ΔE for the transition of an electron from n= 7 to n=4 is 9.159 × 10⁻²⁰ J and the frequency is 1.373 × 10¹⁴ S⁻¹.
A spectral line is a darkish or vibrant line in any other case uniform and non-stop spectrum, because of an excess or deficiency of photons in a slim frequency variety, compared with the close by frequencies.
A spectral line is a darkish or shiny line in any other case uniform and continuous spectrum, as a consequence of emission or absorption of light in a slim frequency variety, in comparison with the close by frequencies. Spectral lines are regularly used to perceive atoms and molecules.
ΔE = E final - E initial = -13.6 × Z² (1/n final² -1/n initial²) eV/atom
= +13.6 × 1² (1/7² - 1/4²)
= 13.6 × ( 1/49 - 1/16)
= 13.9 × ( 16 - 49) / 49 × 16
= - 0.57244 eV/atom
= 0.57244 × 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ J
= 0.9159 × 10⁻¹⁹ J
= 9.159 × 10⁻²⁰ J
Frequency(ν):-
ΔE = hν
ν = ΔE/h
= 9.159 × 10⁻²⁰ J / 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴
= 1.373 × 10¹⁴ S⁻¹ ( four significant figure)
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With the removal of 4 electrons from magnesium atom, which Ionization energy (I1, I2, I3, I4) would you expect to observe the largest increase in ionization energy.
I know the answer is I3 but I need help writing a good CER
Answer:
Claim: The jump in ionization energy from I2 to I3 is the largest.
Evidence: You would have to search some up but the jump is from 1450.7 kj/mole to 7732.7 kj/mole. You could also say that magnesium has an electron configuration of [Ne] 3s2 and after removing the two outer valance electrons the next electrons being removed would be core electrons.
Reasoning: Core electrons need lots of energy to remove from the atom, while valance electrons are easy to remove. The 2nd electron removed is a valance electron, while the 3rd electron removed is a core electron. Thus, we should expect that the energy needed to remove a hard to remove electron (the 3rd electron) would be much more than the energy needed to remove the easy to remove electron (2nd) and we should expect a large jump of ionization energy from I2 to I3.
the products and reactants of a(n) reaction will form at the same rate when equilibrium is attained. decomposition exchange synthesis reversible
The products and reactants of reversible reaction will form at the same rate when equilibrium is attained.
The chemical reaction in which the reactants react to form products and at the same time products reacts to form product is known as reversible reaction.
Equilibrium is attained in reversible reactions when the rate at which the reaction is going in the forward direction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction.
The double arrow ⇌ are used to indicate reversible reactions.
The general form of reversible reaction is :
A + B ⇌ C + D
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an artwork that shows the colors, forms, and textures of a real object
the quality of an artwork in which the elements are visually equal
the rules artists use for arranging the elements of art in artworks; they include proportion, pattern, movement, contrast, emphasis, balance, variety, and unity
having an identifiable object, but without details and with visual elements rearranged or simplified
the basic parts or things that make up works of art, including line, shape, color, value, form, texture, and space
1.
balance
2.
abstract
3.
principals of design
4.
elements of art
5.
realistic
1. An artwork that shows the colors forms and textures of a real object is balance.
2. The quality of an artwork in which the elements are visually equal is balanced.
3. The rules artists use for arranging the elements of art in artworks include proportion, pattern, movement, contrast, emphasis, balance, variety, and unity are principles of design.
4. Having an identifiable object, but without details and with visual elements rearranged or simplified is Abstract.
5. The basic parts or things that make up works of art, including line, shape, color, value, form, texture, and space are elements of art.
The basic design is defined as creating a suitable configuration. Create shapes and placed works using artistic principles and elements such as lines points volumes planes and colors.
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Where is energy stored during photosynthesis? (1 point)
O valence electrons
O chemical bonds
O oxygen
O starch
The energy in photosynthesis is stored in the chemical bonds of the sugar molecules (option B).
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the metabolic process by which green plants synthesize their own food (sugar) using energy from sunlight.
During photosynthesis, photoautotrophic organisms convert light energy into chemical energy by combining water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and waste oxygen using energy from the sun.
The carbohydrates produced is usually glucose sugar, which is capable of storing chemical energy in the bonds of its atoms. This energy is released during a catabolic process called cellular respiration.
Therefore, it can be said that chemical bonds are the storage locations for the energy synthesized during photosynthesis.
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6. Which properties might a nuclide on the band of
nuclear stability have?
a. atomic number 10 and 15 neutrons
b. atomic number 30 and 30 neutrons
c. atomic number 52 and 78 neutrons
d. atomic number 86 and 128 neutrons
Nuclide on the band of nuclear stability have atomic number 86 and 128 neutrons.
What is nuclear?
Utilizing nuclear reactions to generate electricity is known as nuclear power. Nuclear fission, nuclear decay, and nuclear fusion reactions can all provide nuclear energy. Currently, nuclear power plants use the fission of uranium and plutonium to generate the great majority of the world's electricity from nuclear sources. In specialised applications like radioisotope thermoelectric generators found in some space probes like Voyager 2, nuclear decay processes are employed. International research continues to centre on producing electricity via fusion technology. The majority of nuclear power facilities use thermal reactors with once-through fuel cycles and enriched uranium. When the proportion of neutron-absorbing atoms rises to a point where a chain reaction can no longer be sustained, which normally takes three years, fuel is removed.
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Ammonia reacts with diatomic oxygen to form nitric oxide and water vapor. What is the theoretical yield of water, in moles, when 40. 0 g of ammonia and 50. 0 g of oxygen are mixed and allowed to react ?.
when 40. 0 g of ammonia and 50. 0 g of oxygen are mixed and allowed to react .1.57 moles is the theoretical yield of water and 1.87 moles in balanced chemical
= 1*14.01 + 3*1.008
= 17.034 g/mol
mass(NH3)= 40.0 g
use:
number of mol of NH3,
n = molar mass of ammonia
=(40 g)/(17.03 g/mol)
= 2.348 mol
Molar mass of O2 = 32 g/mol
mass(O2)= 50.0 g
use:
number of mol of O2,
n = molar mass of oxygen
=(50 g)/(32 g/mol)
1.562 mol or 1.57 mol
Balanced chemical equation is:
4 NH₃ + 5 O₂ -> 6 H₂O + 4NO
4 mol of NH3 reacts with 5 mol of oxygen for 2.348 mol of NH3, 2.935 mol of O2 is required But we have 1.562 mol of O2 so, use O2 in next calculation
According to balanced equation mol of H2O formed = (6/5)* moles of oxygen
= (6/5)*1.562
= 1.875 mol
= 1.87 mol
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Which material, principle, or process enables a method of numerical dating?
answer: radioactivity
Material, principle, or process enables a method of numerical dating is the radioactivity
To establish the age of a rock or a fossil, researchers use some type of clock to determine the date it was formed geologists commonly use radiometric dating methods and using the decay of various radioactive element and you can determine a numerical age for mineral in igneous rock and the result data is the radiometric age
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Copper(II) sulfate crystals, CuSO4.5H₂O, can be made by heating copper(II) oxide with dilute
sulfuric acid and then crystallising the solution formed.
a
Calculate the maximum mass of crystals that could be made from 4.00 g of
copper(II)oxide using an excess of sulfuric acid.
CuO(s) + H₂SO4(aq) → CuSO4(aq) + H₂O(1)
CuSO4(aq) + 5H₂O(l) → CuSO4.5H₂O(s)
8.05 g of CuSO₄ is the highest mass of crystals.
a) CuO(solid) + H₂SO₄(aqueous) → CuSO₄(aqueous) + H₂O(liquid)
Molecular weight,
CuO = 79 g
Molar weight of CuSO₄ = 159 g,
79 g of CuO reacted with H₂SO₄ 159 g to form CuSO₄.
∴ 4 g of CuO
= 159/79 × 4
= 8.05 g of CuSO₄
b) Percentage yield and Theoretical yield :
The Theoretical yield:
CuSO₄ of 159.6 g → CuSO₄.5H₂O of 249.5 g
8.05 g = 249.5 × 8.05 ÷ 159.6 = 12.58 g
And the percentage yield = Weight of the product ÷ Theoretical yield × 100
= 11.25 ÷ 12.58 × 100
= 89.42%
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a reaction occurring in a calorimeter absorbs 850.0 j of energy. the initial temperature of 200.0 g of water is 24.5 °c. do you expect the temperature of the water to increase or decrease? explain?
The temperature of the system in equilibrium is 25.51⁰ C.
The equilibrium temperature of the system depends on the heat released from both gold and water. The total heat received by the system will equal to total heat released by objects. It should follow
Q released = Q received
The heat can be defined by
Q = m . c . ΔT
where Q is heat, m is mass, c is the specific heat constant and ΔT is the change in temperature.
The given parameters are
m = 200 g = 0.2 kg
T1 = 24.5⁰ C
c = 4200 J/kg⁰ C
Q received = 850 J
Lets assume that the value of equilibrium temperature is T. Hence,
Q released = Q received
m . c . ΔT = 850
0.2 . 4200 . ΔT = 850
ΔT = 1.01
T - T1 = 1.01
T - 24.5 = 1.01
T = 25.51⁰ C
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4.47 consider the cis and trans isomers of 1,3-di-tert-butylcyclohexane (build molecular models). what unusual feature accounts for the fact that one of these isomers apparently exists in a twist boat conformation rather than a chair conformation?
Considering the cis and trans isomers of 1,3-di-tert-butylcyclohexane, trans isomer is more likely to exist in twist boat conformation.
What is twist boat ?Conformation is the spatial arrangement of the atoms in molecule. there are a variety of conformations are possible for cyclohexane. Twist boat conformation moves the hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms 1 and 4 farther apart so that the steric strain is reduced. Free rotation can be frequently observed in linear, single covalent bonds. However, rotation can also be observed in few ring structures.
t-butyl in axial position in cyclohexane is very disfavored by energy. When you have trans 1,3 - both chairs have 1 axial and 1 equatorial, so both chairs are disfavored due to steric hindrance. Twist boat can minimize the unfavorable interactions among the t-butyls and this makes the molecule more stable.
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how many moles and atoms are in a sample of gold that has a mass of 145.56 grams? question 1 options: 4.449 x 1023 moles and 0.73900 atoms 0.73900 moles and 4.449 x 1023 atoms 1.353 moles and 8.149 x 1023 atoms
There are 0.73900 moles and 4.449 x 10^23 atoms in a sample of gold that has a mass of 145.56 grams.
Using the formula below, determine the number of moles of gold in 145.56 grams of gold. (MM of gold = 196.96657 g/mol)
number of moles = mass/MM
number of moles = 145.56 g / 196.96657 g/mol
number of moles = 0.73900
Multiply the Avogadro's number to the number of moles to get the number of atoms in 145.56 grams of gold.
number of atoms = moles(Avogadro's number)
number of atoms = 0.73900 moles Au(6.02214076 × 10^23 atoms/mole)
number of atoms = 4.449 x 10^23
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ELEMENT #2
I am a non-metal.
I belong to the halogen family.
I am not the largest or smallest atom in my group.
My first ionization energy is greater than that of iodine.
I am not a gas at room temperature.
What element am I? Write my symbol and electron configuration using standard notation.
*dont have to give me the standard notation at all i can find it
How will you corelate the measures used in agriculture with acids and bases?
Answer:
by the fertilizers that we use the soil or land to increase the fertility.
Explanation:
what is the molarity of a solution of hno2 that contains 0.20 moles of hn03 in 1.5 l of solution
Answer:
0.13M
Explanation:
The formula of molarity is moles of solute÷litres of solution hence:
M= 0.20÷1.5
M= 0.13
Give the year and opponent for each of Muhammed Ali's heavyweight titles. He won the
championship in 1964 he was fighting floyd patterson.
Muhammad Ali is a professional boxer and American activist. He is known as "The Greatest" and is regarded as one of the greatest sports stars of all time.
Explain about Muhammed Ali's heavy weight titles?Ali famously said, "I am the greatest!" after defeating the much favoured Sonny Liston in six rounds on February 25, 1964, to win the heavyweight title.
He became a Muslim in 1961. He won the heavyweight world championship by defeating Sonny Liston on February 25, 1964, when he was only 22 years old. He considered to his old name as a "slave name" and changed it to Muhammad Ali that year.
The first heavyweight championship battle, for the WBC/Ring/Lineal title, was on November 22, 1965, and the second, for the North American Boxing Federation (NABF) heavyweight title, happened on September 20, 1972.
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Does the orbiting nucleus of an atom have a positive, negative, or neutral charge
Answer:
Explanation:
If you look at an atom as a whole, it is electrically neutral and possesses no overall charge. The nucleus consists of Protons and neutrons, Protons have a positive charge and neutrons have no charge on them.
Hence, the nucleus of an atom is positively charged and is generally surrounded by one or more electrons.
The electrons on the other hand have a negative charge on them.
The sign convention for proton (+1), neutron(0) and electron(-1). The nucleus is very heavy but is very small compared to the overall size of an atom.
An atom consists of a positively charged nucleus, surrounded by one or more negatively charged particles called electrons. The positive charges equal the negative charges, so the atom has no overall charge; it is electrically neutral. I hope this helped.
the monomer's concentration remains the same the monomer may be completely used to create the polymer and it may partly degrade during the synthesis. the monomer may partly degrade during the synthesis the monomer may be completely used to create the polymer
Depolymerization; Macromolecule-initiated cleavage; Thermal; Photochemical; Mechanochemical; Oxidative; Polymer-burning; Kinetics of cleaving Macromolecules when Chain Depolymerization is Negligible; Degradation in Polymer Recycling; Protection of Polymers Against Degradation.
Catalytic oxidation, hydrogenation, and pyrolysis are some of the methods that can be used to depolymerize lignins all the way down to phenilics.68 Little has been done to exploit these processes in the direction of monomers; instead, the products have been thought of in the context of fuels and commodity or fine chemicals.
Nevertheless, it does not seem improbable that certain degradation pathways followed by functionalization will become feasible in order to synthesize aromatic monomers with original structures that are not easily available from petrochemistry, such as vinyl phenols, p-methoxystyrene for polyaddition reactions, and difunctional aromatic compounds for polycondensations that lead to polyesters, degradation, etc.
Several of these potential uses for lignin-derived monomers have been thoroughly covered in two recent publications.
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A certain red light has a wavelength of 680 nm.
a. What is the frequency of the light?
6
b. What is the energy of a quantum of light?
The frequency of light is 0.44 * 1015s-1 and the energy of a quantum of light is 0.029 * 10-17Joule
What is the quantum of light?
A tiny electromagnetic radiation energy bundle is known as a photon or light quantum.
Given:
Wavelength = 680nm
Frequency is related to the wavelength as given in the above equation:
V (frequency) = c\ (speed\ of\ light)/wavelength
C = 3 × 108 ms-1
Wavelength = 680 * 10-9m
By using the formula of frequency = 3*10/ 680 * 10-9 = 0.0044 * 1017 = 0.44 * 1015s-1
For finding the energy
Energy = h( planck constant) * c (speed of light)/ wavelength)
h = 6.62 × 10-34 Joule seconds.
C = 3 × 108 ms-1
Wavelength = 680 * 10-9m
Using the above energy formula,
we got = 6.62 × 10 -34 Joule seconds * 3 × 108 ms-1/ 680 * 10-9m = 0.029 * 10-17Joule
Hence, the answer is frequency of light = 0.44 * 1015s-1
The energy of a quantum of light = 0.029 * 10-17Joule
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what are two reasons for anodising a spoon ??? I need help ASAP pleaseeee
Anodizing a spoon makes it 1) durable and scratch-resistant and 2) prevents the leaching of plain aluminum into food.
Anodizing is an electrochemical process that produces an oxide coating on metal surfaces. This oxide coating makes the metal surface corrosion-resistant, and durable and increases the metal's adhesive qualities (for glues and paint primers). Anodizing is usually done for aluminum and its alloys
Two reasons for anodizing a spoon:
To prevent corrosion of the spoon and make it scratch-resistant which is possible because a spoon is used extensively for eating and other purposes. It provides a smooth, hard surface that is durable.Anodizing the spoon also prevents it from reacting with acidic foods. Anodized aluminum spoons are also protected from plain aluminum leaching into the food.Know why anodization is a useful process:
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flowback waste water is disposed of in a process called deep well injection which plumps large quantities of waste water down into porous sandstone and limestone rock formations underground. what potential problems could result from this?
The potential problems associated with a deep well injection is that it can result in polluting underground water.
If there are many wells nearby, injecting wastewater into subsurface rock strata can be problematic. Consider porous sandstone, which contains minute openings. Water under high pressure, such as wastewater from fracking, can penetrate the sandstone and travel with underground water.
An injection well is employed to inject fluid underground into porous geologic formations. These subterranean structures might be anything from a modest soil layer to thick sandstone or limestone. Water, wastewater, brine (salt water), and water that has been combined with chemicals are all examples of injected fluids.
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