Answer:
It describes changes in the state of the atmosphere over time scales ranging from decades to millions of years. These changes can be caused by processes inside the Earth, forces from outside (e.g. variations in sunlight intensity) or, more recently, human activities.
Explanation:
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What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction Class 12?
Sexual reproduction involves the production of male and female gametes, which combine to form a zygote. Asexual reproduction involves the production of offspring from a single parent without the fusion of gametes.
The zygote grows and develops into a new organism that is genetically similar but not identical to its parents. This is because the genetic combination of the two parents results in the offspring having a unique genetic code. Sexual reproduction allows for genetic variation, which can be beneficial to a species as it allows them to adapt to changing environments.
Asexual reproduction involves the production of offspring from a single parent without the fusion of gametes. The offspring created is genetically identical to its parent and is referred to as a clone. Asexual reproduction does not create genetic variation, but it does allow for rapid reproduction and population growth. The main difference between sexual and asexual reproduction is the way in which genetic material is combined.
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Which one of the following is not a bone of the human leg?
(a) Fibula
(b) Femur
(c) Humerus
(d) Tibia
The correct option (c) Humerus, g is not a bone of the human leg.
Sixty bones make up each arm and leg, with thirty bones in each arm running from upper arms to fingers and thirty bones in each leg running from thigh to toe. The longest bones are the femur and humerus, one of which is located in the upper arm and the other in the thigh.Thirty bones make up a human leg: the femur in the thigh, the patella in the knee, the tibia and fibula in the lower legs, the tarsals in the ankles, the metatarsals in the sole, and the phalanges in the toes.The humerus in the upper arms, the radius and ulna in the forearm, the carpals in the wrist, the metacarpals in the palm, and the phalanges in the fingers make up the bones of the arm. Since the humerus is found in the arm, it cannot be a human bone.
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Structure A is _______. ATP synthase phospholipid an electron acceptor sensory protein an electron donor
Synthesizing ATP an electron donor is a sensory protein, and phospholipid is an electron acceptor so the answer is Intermembrane space Mitochondrial matrix for Structure A.
ATP synthase in the mitochondrial matrix phospholipid O O a sensory protein O an electron donor O an electron acceptor the "ATP synthases" enzyme complexes are where the proton flow happens.
Synthesizing ATP An electron donor is a sensory protein, and phospholipid is an electron acceptor. The space existing between or involving two or more membranes is known as the intermembrane space (IMS). It is most frequently referred to in cell biology as the space between a mitochondrion's or chloroplast's inner and outer membranes. Although it is frequently referred to as the perinuclear space, it also describes the region of the nuclear envelope that is between the inner and outer nuclear membranes. The IMS of mitochondria is essential for coordinating a wide range of cellular processes, including the control of respiration and metabolic processes. The IMS of the chloroplast does not appear to have any clear function, in contrast to the IMS of the mitochondria.
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What products are used to start the light-independent reactions?
The products used to start the light dependent reactions are NADPH and ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) molecules.
The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place within the stroma. Light dependent reactions are the reactions occurring inside chloroplast region with the help of chlorophyll in which energy is used in the form of ATP molecules to produce carbohydrate molecules. This reaction is also known as photophosphorylation reaction. ATP and NADPH are produced during light reactions which are utilized in the light independent reaction, also known as dark reaction or Calvin cycle. In this reaction, carbon fixation and carbon assimilation takes place and ATP and NADPH are used to drive the biosynthetic phase of photosynthesis.
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What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction GCSE?
Asexual reproduction is a form of reproduction which does not require the involvement of two organisms, while sexual reproduction requires the involvement of two distinct organisms of opposite sexes. Sexual reproduction is the formation of offspring from two parents of opposite sexes.
This type of reproduction involves the fusion of two gametes and the production of offspring that have a combination of genetic material from both parents.The main difference between sexual and asexual reproduction is that sexual reproduction requires the fusion of gametes and the production of offspring with a combination of genetic material from both parents, while asexual reproduction relies on a single parent and involves the production of offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
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Succession occurs after ecosystems experience some type of disruptive event.
true
false
It is true that Succession occurs after ecosystems experience some type of disruptive event. The process by which an area's mix of species and habitat changes over time is called ecological succession.
Ecological succession is the consistent and continuous change in a type of a specific region concerning changes in the environment. The idea of success comes into play when a change in the ecosystem is disruptive. Ecological succession aims to evolve and restore equilibrium.
Primary succession and secondary succession are two distinct types of succession. In this instance, secondary succession is the succession that occurs after a disruptive event occurs in the ecosystem.
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What are the 3 parts of the carbon reactions?
Carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of the starting molecule are the three main phases of the Calvin cycle reactions.
Inorganic CO2 is bonded to the organic compound ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) during the carboxylation process. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, or RuBisCO, is the enzyme that catalysis this reaction. The 5-carbon RuBP molecule is split into two 3-carbon 3-Phosphoglyceric Acid, 3-PGA, molecules by the addition of CO2. The Calvin cycle is occasionally referred to as the C3 cycle because of this 3-carbon molecule.
What Substance Is Generated During Carbon Fixation?3-PGA is produced as a result of the carboxylation of RuBP. In this reaction, two 3-PGA molecules are created for each CO2 molecule used. However, because it takes three CO2 molecules to complete a full turn of the Calvin cycle, six 3-PGA molecules are formed for each turn.
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Why do you think the cell would need these checkpoints? what do you think would happen if the cell did not get checked at certain phases?.
Cells need checkpoints to ensure that no error is present in the DNA or even in the cellular surroundings. It is critical that all "boxes" are checked before continuing because this ensures that no major errors are faced down the line. Cells are basic unit of life so if cells are not accurate or full of errors then tissues are affected, which affects organs, and eventually organ system and in final the whole organism. Thus, checkpoints ensure that errors are caught early and dealt with properly.
If cell did not get checked at certain phases, mistakes would go by unnoticed which could affect the whole organism (see my explaination above). Also, checkpoints ensure that cell growth is controlled (that is unwanted replication do not occur). If there are no checkpoints then cell can continue to grow and eventually uncontrolled growth of cells is referred to as cancer.
Fireflies make their light. The light they give off looks green. The spectrum of their light is shown. Describe how you would use a tool to see a firefly’s light spectrum. Explain what the spectrum tells you about the light the firefly gives off. Include a comparison of the wavelengths of the light.
Answer:
To see the spectrum of a firefly's light, you would need a spectroscope, which is a tool that separates light into its different wavelengths to create a spectrum. This is often done by passing light through a prism, which refracts the light at different angles based on its wavelength, creating a rainbow-like spectrum of colors.
When looking at the spectrum of a firefly's light, you can see the specific wavelengths of light that the firefly is emitting. This can tell you what colors are present in the light and in what proportions. In the case of a firefly, the spectrum would likely show a dominant peak in the green portion of the spectrum, indicating that the firefly's light is primarily green in color.
Additionally, the spectrum can be used to compare the wavelengths of the light emitted by the firefly to the wavelengths of other sources of light. For example, the spectrum of a firefly's light could be compared to the spectrum of sunlight, which contains all the colors of the rainbow. This comparison can provide insights into the unique properties of the firefly's light, such as its relative brightness and color.
during an excursion, an archaeologist finds an ecologically important area. which organization should the archaeologist approach to conserve the land?
During an excursion, if an archaeologist finds an ecologically important area, then they should approach to Nature Conservancy to conserve the land.
What is Nature Conservancy?
The Nature Conservancy is a global environmental nonprofit working to create a world where people and nature can thrive. It has grown to become one of the most effective and wide-reaching environmental organizations in the world.
The Nature Conservancy has been working in partnership with individuals, local communities, government agencies and private businesses to protect the natural landscapes that harbor the diversity of plant and animal life on Earth.
So, when archeologists find an ecologically important area, they approach to Nature Conservancy to conserve the land.
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the temperature felt by the human body when wind makes it feel colder than the actual temperature.
The temperature felt by the human body when the wind makes it feel colder than the actual temperature. this is called wind chill.
A term used to describe how the combination of cold temperatures and winds blowing on exposed skin makes the air temperature feel to the skin is known as wind chill. Simply put, the colder the air and the faster the wind, the colder your skin will feel when you are outside.
Therefore, even if the temperature stays the same but the speed of the wind increases, it will actually feel colder on your skin. The heat that we naturally produce is carried away from our bodies by the wind as it moves across our bodies. Our body heat is taken away from us more quickly and we feel colder the faster the wind blows. The process is analogous to blowing on a hot bowl of soup to cool it down. The "Wind Chill" is the temperature that feels like it's outside because of the temperature of the air and the speed of the wind.
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Neuronal and hormonal communication both involve?
Neural correspondence incorporates both electrical and synthetic motioning among neurons and target cells. Endocrine correspondence includes compound flagging using the arrival of chemicals that travel through the circulation system, where they get a reaction in target cells.
They are both gotten by receptors and they are the two synthetics. A distinction is that synapses are as yet utilizing an electric charge to be sent and chemicals are set off synthetically.
All through the sensory system, neurons impart using electrical and substance signals. One more type of substance correspondence is the discharge of chemicals into the circulation system, which is achieved using endocrine organs situated in the endocrine framework.
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Which issue in a game would a developer most likely address by adding an
option to change the color palette?
A. Accessibility for color-blind users
B. Bias toward users who prefer bright colors
C. Accessibility for users who are blind
D. Bias against users of a certain gender
Answer:
A) accessibility for those who are color blind
Explanation:
C is impossible because they're blind, D is offensive, and B doesn't make sense.
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What are biological impacts?
Allergies, respiratory issues, hypersensitive illnesses, and infectious diseases are examples of biological impacts that can be brought on by a range of pollutants and toxins.
How has climate change affected biological systems?Climate change has the potential to affect populations or species' geographic distributions by interfering with the compatibility of organisms with their local environment, limiting survival and reproduction, and reducing the ability to reproduce. While some species may benefit from climate change, others may become extinct.
Which biological ecosystem would you use as an example?The sea environment, the air environment, and the terrestrial environment are a few examples. Given that every living thing has a unique habitat, there are countless different biophysical settings.
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If an egg cell containing the (n+1) number of chromosomes combines with a sperm cell containing the (n) number of chromosomes, what is the result?
If an egg cell containing the (n+1) number of chromosomes combines with a sperm cell containing the (n) number of chromosomes, then somatic cells of the future organism will contain the (2n + 1) number of chromosomes.
What are Chromosomes? Chromosomes are the very long DNA fibers coated with packaging proteins which contains all of the genetic information about the organisms. Every DNA has a 23 pairs of chromosomes .Out of these 23 pairs the 23rd pair is known as Sex Chromosome which also differ in Male and female.Somatic cell:It is a biological cell forming the body of any multicellular organism.it is also known as vegetal cell.To know more about chromosomes visit
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Homologous chromosomes How are diploid cells, homologous chromosomes, and alleles related? Diploid cells have homologous pairs of chromosomes, which carry the same genes as one another but not necessarily the same alleles. Diploid cells have half of a homologous pair of chromosomes. Diploid cells therefore only have one allele for each gene. Diploid cells have homologous pairs of chromosomes. Diploid cells therefore might have up to four different alleles for each gene. Diploid cells have one set of non-homologous chromosomes, containing alleles inherited from two parents.
Diploid cells, homologous chromosomes, and alleles related by diploid cells have homologous pairs of chromosomes, which carry the same genes as one another but not necessarily the same alleles.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
The chromosomes in а homologous pаir eаch hаve the sаme genes in the sаme order, but there mаy be vаriаtion between them, resulting in different аlleles. Some of the vаriаnts in these аlleles might hаve functionаl implicаtions while others will not.
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes line up аnd recombinаtion occurs between them. This results in gаmetes with unique combinаtions of аlleles on eаch chromosome аnd therefore unique individuаls.
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Predict the end result if a chloroplast's light-independent enzymes developed a mutation that prevented them from activating in response to light
a. ATP and NADPH accumulation
b. Water accumulation
c. G3P accumulation
d. Carbon dioxide depletion
Predict the end result if a chloroplast's light-independent enzymes developed a mutation that prevented them from activating in response to light "water accumulation".
Depletion of carbon dioxide. ATP as well as NADPH buildup are the final consequence of a chloroplast's light-independent enzymes.
The assembly of a glucose molecule would be the final step in the light-independent processes, also known as the Calvin cycle. This stage of photosynthesis necessitates the CO2 that the plant absorbs from the atmosphere. In essence, the plant requires the carbon in the CO2 to make the components of glucose.
Therefore, the correct answer will be option (b)
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Figure 1 is a proposed model of the feedback system controlling erythrocyte (red blood cell) production.
Air is less dense at very high elevations, so less oxygen is available than in the denser air at sea level. Based on the model in Figure 1, if a person travels from sea level to a high elevation location, which of the following correctly predicts the response to the decreased blood oxygen level?
answer choices
More erythropoietin will be secreted from the kidneys, decreasing production of erythrocytes.
More erythropoietin will be secreted from the kidneys, increasing production of erythrocytes.
Less erythropoietin will be secreted from the kidneys, decreasing production of erythrocytes.
Less erythropoietin will be secreted from the kidneys, increasing production of erythrocytes.
More erythropoietin will be secreted from the kidneys, increasing production of erythrocytes. So, the correct option is (B).
What is Erythropoietin?Erythropoietin is also called erythropoietin, hematopoietin or hemopoietin. It is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted primarily by the kidney in response to cellular hypoxia which stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
It helps in making red blood cells which carry oxygen to the tissues in the body. Oxygen is turned into energy, and the tissues release carbon dioxide. Red blood cells transport carbon dioxide to the lungs for us to exhale.
If a person travels to a higher altitude above sea level, more erythropoietin will be secreted by the kidney, increased production of erythrocytes predicts response to low blood oxygen level.
Thus, more erythropoietin will be secreted from the kidneys, increasing production of erythrocytes. So, the correct option is (B).
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Emily is developing a computer model of protist populations in certain areas of the ocean, and how they help maintain homeostasis in ecosystems. Photosynthetic protists play essential roles in the environment, especially in oceans and lakes. If a hypothetical catastrophic event drastically reduced the population of zooxanthellae, a photosynthetic protist with a specific habitat, which statement describes the most likely result?
A. Almost half of the photosynthesis occurring on Earth would be in jeopardy, and species from shrimp to whales would lose an important food source.
B. Kelp forests would experience a drastic reduction in size, eliminating shelter for many marine species and a food source for sea urchins.
C. The health of coral reefs would suffer and reef populations would decrease in size and stability.
D. The equilibrium of the ecosystem surrounding hydrothermal vents would be upset, leading to loss of diversification.
Answer:
C. The health of coral reefs would suffer and reef populations would decrease in size and stability.
Explanation:
Zooxanthellae are photosynthetic protists that live in the tissues of coral reefs, providing them with a significant portion of their energy requirements through photosynthesis. If the population of zooxanthellae were to drastically reduce, it would likely have a significant impact on the health of coral reefs and their populations. Coral reefs are important ecosystems that support a diverse array of marine life, and a reduction in their populations could have cascading effects on the ecosystem.
Is sclerosis the same as arthritis?
Between the two diseases ( Sclerosis and Arthritis) there are many similarities including some symptoms like the kinds of issues that arise, and how each condition develops over time. Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis are autoimmune illness . The immune system attacks healthy body parts after mistaking them for alien invaders.
Similarities between the Multiple sclerosis(MS) and Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) are
Consequences: Chronic inflammation that arises as a result of an overactive immune system causes harm in both RA and MS.Damage to tissues: Both RA and MS induce damage to the tissues, which results in motor dysfunction in the muscles, which affects walking and running.Symptoms: MS and RA share some symptoms, such as weakness and fatigue. Both illnesses eventually affect movement in a variety of ways.Treatment: Medication to reduce inflammation and to suppress the immune system so it can't do more harm is frequently used in the treatments developed for both diseases.Know more about arthritis here
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What is arteriosclerosis also called?
Arteriosclerosis is also called as cardiovascular arteriosclerosis.
what is Arteriosclerosis ?A form of vascular illness called arteriosclerosis occurs when the arteries, which carry oxygen away from the heart, are harmed by things like excessive cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, and specific genetic effects. Blood flow to other organs and tissues may occasionally be impeded as a result of the arteries' thinning and stiffening.
There are four basic ways that artery sclerosis can present itself:
Plaque accumulation inside of a coronary artery is known as coronary artery disease (CAD).
Chronic constriction of the arteries in the legs, arms, or pelvis is known as peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
Narrowing of the carotid arteries, which provide blood to the brain and aorta, is known as carotid artery disease (CAD).
An abnormal enlargement of the aorta, the biggest blood vessel in the body, is known as an aortic aneurysm.
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How can we prevent contamination in microbiology?
Contamination in microbiology can be prevented by creating and maintaining a sterile environment, practicing proper hygiene, avoiding cross-contamination, and properly storing and disposing of microorganisms.
The first step to prevent contamination in microbiology is to create and maintain a sterile environment. This means creating an environment with the lowest possible amount of bacteria and other microorganisms. This is done by using autoclaves, which are machines that sterilize tools and equipment using high temperatures and pressure. Additionally, lab personnel should always wear protective clothing such as lab coats, gloves, and masks to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
It is also important to practice proper hygiene in the lab. This includes washing hands frequently and avoiding contact with potential sources of contamination, such as skin, hair, or clothing. Additionally, all lab surfaces should be regularly disinfected to reduce the number of microorganisms present. Finally, it is important to avoid cross-contamination, which occurs when microorganisms from one experiment are unintentionally transferred to another. To prevent this, laboratory personnel should use separate tools and equipment for each experiment and dispose of hazardous materials properly.
Finally, it is important to practice proper storage and disposal of microorganisms. Microorganisms should be stored in sealed containers and disposed of in an appropriate manner. Additionally, all experiments should be documented to ensure that any risks associated with the microorganisms are clear.
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during a cold spell, florida orange growers often spray a mist of water over trees during the night. why is this done?
During a cold spell, Florida orange growers often spray a mist of water over trees during the night because The large latent heat of vaporization for water keeps the trees from freezing.
The thermal energy needed for a liquid to vaporize to a gas, or the amount released when a gas condenses to a liquid, is referred to as the latent heat of vaporization. The enthalpy of vaporization is another name for the latent heat of vaporization.
A substance's latent heat of vaporization is a physical property. It is defined as the amount of heat required to alter one mole of liquid at its boiling point at standard atmospheric pressure. It is measured in kg/mol or kJ/kg.
The highest known heat of vaporization of water. The heat of vaporization is described as the amount of heat required to convert 1 g of a liquid into a vapor without causing the liquid's temperature to rise.
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Parent 1 has A blood. Parent 2 has B blood.
Draw a punnett square to show the possibilities of their offspringto have O blood.
The possibilities of their offspring have O blood is 25%.
What is Punnett Square?Punnett square is defined as the square diagram which is used to predict the genotype of a particular cross or breeding experiment. It is used by biologists to determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype.
It is a helpful tool which helps predict the variations and possibilities that may come from cross breeding, which involves predicting how plants, animals, even humans cross with each other.
For above given information,
The Parent 1 and Parent 2 have A and B blood group respectively. So, the possible genotypes when crossed between AO and BO are AB, AO, BO and OO. The possibility of O blood group is 1/4 i.e. 25%.
Thus, the possibilities of their offspring have O blood is 25%.
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How are seeds calculated?
Seeds are calculated in order to ensure that a random sample of data is collected in a given population. This is important to ensure that the data collected is representative of the whole population and is not overly influenced by a single group of individuals or a small subset of the population.
To calculate the seeds, a population is divided into sections and each section is assigned a numerical value. This value is known as the seed. This seed is then used to randomly select individuals from the population. The selection process is designed to ensure that each individual has an equal chance of being selected. The more sections that are used, the more random the selection process will be.
The number of seeds used will depend on the size of the population, the desired sample size, and the desired level of randomness. For example, if the population is small and the sample size is large, then more seeds may be needed to ensure a truly random sample.
Once the seeds have been calculated, they can be used to determine the sample size. This is done by multiplying the number of seeds by the desired sample size. For example, if 10 seeds are used and the desired sample size is 100, then the sample size will be 10 x 100 = 1000.
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Now that you have watched the video clip, how is chemical change different from physical change?
Practice
A
Pollutants are formed during a chemical change.
B
New substances are formed during a chemical change.
C
Only living things drive the process of chemical change.
D
Material is broken down into smaller pieces without any chemical reactions during a chemical change.
how are the parts of their anatomy adapted for eating specifically what they consume?
The digestive system, which is intricate, complex, and coordinated and is controlled by both the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and its own intrinsic neural system.
frequently referred to as the body's "second brain," is essential for eating and digesting food. The GI tract, commonly known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is made up of two primary groups of organs: the accessory digestive organs and the organs of the alimentary canal.
The act of eating is the putting of solid food into the mouth with the purpose of nourishing oneself. This activity is carried out by insertion [of the foodstuff] in the mouth, followed by mastication, swallowing, and digestion." Diderot offered this explanation of "eating" in his renowned Encyclopedia. He continues by stating that only substances that may be imagined can be eaten, not the consumption of non-food items like clay, chalk, stones, or charcoal.
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What is the output of the light-dependent reactions?
The main output of the light-dependent reaction is ATP and NADPH.
Light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts and occur in the presence of sunlight. These reactions convert sunlight into chemical energy. The light-dependent reaction will convert light energy into the chemical energy. The goal of photosynthetic light-dependent reactions is to harvest energy from the sun and split water molecules to produce ATP and NADPH. The inputs are carbon dioxide from the air and ATP and NADPH produced by the light reaction. The Calvin cycle uses carbon from carbon dioxide, energy from ATP, high-energy electrons, and hydrogen ions from NADPH. The result of the cycle is a high-energy sugar molecule.
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How are trees agents of mechanical weathering?
Practice
A
Growing tree roots physically break apart rock.
B
Tree roots secrete a lot of acids that react with minerals in the rock.
C
Trees cause chemical reactions to take place altering the soil and rock nearby.
D
Trees do not cause rocks to weather.
Growing tree roots physically break apart rock are the tree agents of mechanical weathering. So, the correct option is (A).
What is Mechanical Weathering?Mechanical weathering is also called physical weathering in which a large rock breaks down into smaller pieces of rocks. When rocks decompose or break down without experiencing any change in their chemical composition, it is known as mechanical weathering.
There are 3 Mechanical Weathering Processes which break down rocks
Frost wedging.Exfoliation.Biological activityThe roots of a plant grow into a crack in a rock. When these roots grow, they open the crack. Burrowing animals can also cause weathering. The animal may break the rock to dig for food or make a hole to live in.
Thus, growing tree roots physically break apart rock are the tree agents of mechanical weathering. So, the correct option is (A).
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Label the structures of the finger and fingernail. Epidermis Nail body Eponychium Dermis Nail bed Free edge Nail matrix Reset Zoom
The diagram for structures of the finger and fingernail is illustrated and attached.
What is the finger about?In the hands of the majority of Tetrapods, including humans and other primates, a finger is an organ of manipulation and sensation. The top layer of skin on your body is called the epidermis.
At the base of the fingernails and toenails is a thickened layer of skin called the eponychium. It is also known as the proximal or medial nail fold. The eponychium is different from the cuticle in that it is made up of living skin cells, whereas the cuticle is made up of dead skin cells.
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