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Is this a criminal or civil case? explain why.

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With Mounties due for a pay bump, cash-strapped municipalities seek reprieve from Ottawa:

Mounties are due to receive a chunk of retroactive pay after negotiating their first-ever collective agreement. Some municipalities say the looming salary bump will stress their finances — and they want Ottawa to step up.

This summer, the federal government and the union representing RCMP members ratified an agreement to deliver a sizeable pay increase to nearly 20,000 members.

Constables — who account for more than half of all RCMP officers — will see their maximum salary jump from $86,110 as of April 2016 to $106,576 next year.

The deal also lays out retroactive pay increases going back to 2017. The RCMP last updated its wage scale in 2016 and for years Mounties' pay lagged behind that of other police services.

According to the agreement, the rates of pay will change within 90 days of Aug. 6, when the collective agreement was signed. It's then up to the RCMP to make its "best effort" to implement the retroactive payable amounts within 270 days of signing.

The Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM) says communities that pay the RCMP for policing services are growing alarmed over the agreement's cost.

"It's widespread coast to coast to coast and our municipalities are actually very concerned, very, very concerned," said FCM president Joanne Vanderheyden, also the mayor of the municipality of Strathroy-Caradoc in Ontario.

"This issue is absolutely urgent given the potential impacts on municipal finances."

Municipalities with populations of less than 15,000 pay 70 per cent of the costs, while the federal government pays 30 per cent. Municipalities with more than 15,000 residents pay 90 per cent.

Vanderheyden said that while negotiations on the collective agreement were happening behind closed doors, municipalities were advised by the federal government to set money aside to cover the anticipated pay hike.

"Well, the percentage was way too low," she said, adding the retroactive pay also came as a surprise to most mayors.

"We are absolutely not against collective bargaining. That's not it. It's when you're not at the table and the direct impact comes to you."

Ottawa is asked to swallow retroactive costs
The FCM has written a letter to the federal government asking it to absorb all retroactive costs associated with the collective agreement.

Without federal help, Vanderheyden said, "municipalities will be forced to make incredibly difficult decisions because they're either going have to make cuts to their essential services or pass it along to the property tax, local residents. Because they can't go into arrears, they can't go to deficits."


Peter Brown, mayor of Airdrie in Alberta, said that while he firmly supports paying RCMP officers more, he was surprised by the final price tag. He said his city, just north of Calgary, has budgeted and held money back over the past few years but still has only about half of what it needs to cover the added policing costs.

"The message from me is, recognize that we've all been hit. We're all suffering," he said, referring to the pandemic.

Brown said the collective agreement's impact on Airdrie's budget is "probably in a $3.5 million to $4 million range. That's the equivalent [of] a five per cent tax increase."

Codiac RCMP spending rises to $39M in proposed 2022 budget
Malcolm Brodie, mayor of Richmond, B.C., said his municipality estimates the retroactive pay lump sum will cost it something between $9 million and $11 million, plus the annual pay increase itself.

"What that means for us is to cover that the amount going forward on our budget, that's about a one-time 2.5 to 3.5 per cent tax increase," he said.

"We certainly have stayed with the RCMP for a good reason. We think that they've done a good job for our community. Having said that, you know, it's getting a whole lot more expensive."

A spokesperson for the federal Department of Public Safety said the department has kept in touch with regions with RCMP contracts on a regular basis since 2018.

"Contracting jurisdictions were aware that the salary of RCMP officers had been frozen since 2016 and that the collective bargaining process began in 2020. With the new collective agreement for RCMP regular members and reservists, salaries are in line with other police services across Canada," said Tim Warmington.

"It is fair for regular members and reservists as well as reasonable for Canadian taxpayers."

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Within police departments, there is a focus on the status of individuals as opposed to their behavior. Training officers [TOs] teach recruits what to look for in terms of potential danger, and officers tell each other stories about things they have seen that mark individuals as dangerous. This can be referred to as:
Group of answer choices

criminal motivation

criminal intent

police interaction

criminal blindness

According to the Constitution's 1st Amendment:
a) secular activities cannot be regulated
b) criminal behavior that is deemed "religious in nature" is protected
c) Congress cannot create an official government sponsored religion
d) all of the above

A forensic specialist is called to a murder scene where a woman was shot while taking a bath they have been asked to collect firearm evidence the gun suspected of being used has fallen into the bathtub with the victim why should they not dry the gun before transporting it?

A. it could cause the gun to rust
B. it could cause the gun to fire
C. it could get rid of fingerprints on the gun
D. it could remove gun powder from the gun

What are your thoughts on the fact that defendants can engage in bargaining, more frequently initiated by the prosecutor?

How can citizens get a law passed without the state legislature's help?

What is the best way to achieve good governance? Elaborate your answer.​

Isaiah wants to build a new shopping complex. He is afraid that once news gets out about his plans, the price of the land where he wants to build the shopping complex will increase in price. Isaiah, therefore, hires Landon to purchase the parcels of land for him and to keep the fact that Landon is working for Isaiah a secret. Landon enters into a written contract for the sale of the land with Miriam and does not tell Miriam that Landon is an agent for anyone else on the deal. Isaiah refuses to buy the property from Miriam.

Is Landon obligated to perform the contract with Miriam?

a. No, he is not because the purchase of the land benefits only the principal, Isaiah.
b. Yes, he is because agents are always liable for performance on contracts they enter into on behalf of their principal.
c. No, he is not because Landon is not the principal.
d. Yes, he is because there was an undisclosed principal who failed to perform.

Patricia Bell (63) shared a home all year with her son, Anthony (41), and Anthony's son, Damonte (20). Patricia and Anthony worked full-time. Damonte was a part-time student during the year; he took one class at the local community college. He had no income. No one else lived in the home. Patricia and Anthony each have earned income and an adjusted gross income of more than $20,000, but less than $30,000. Who is eligible to claim and receive the Earned Income Tax Credit?

According to Florida law if you knowingly fail to report a case of child abuse or neglect

Statistics on arson are limited in the sense that only fires classified as arson are reported to agencies like the FBI. True False

The President and Congress both have control over war powers

Which forensic scientist helped solve the St. Valentine's Day Massacre?
A. Alphonse Bertillon
OB.
Dr. Joseph Bell
Ос.
Calvin Goddard
D.
Francis Galton
O E.
Mathieu Orfila

In a perfectly competitive market, the seller is the

Suppose a defendant is convicted at trial but believes that the judge made an error that impacted the decision. She would first ask her case be tried again at ________. If she were to lose at that court, she could still try again, if her argument were accepted, at the ________.

Based on the excerpt above, explain the link between economic and political freedoms.

An example of innovative thinking is changing an old manufacturing process to save time and money.
True
False

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Which court decision protected students’ rights to free speech as early as 1969?
Earl
Tinker
Acton

Describe four of the factors which may have been relevant to the public interest part of the Full Code test in Sally Challen’s case.

How does the bill of rights work to limit the powers of goverment?

A. It limits the powers of elected officials by defining term limits.

B. It ensures the separation of church and state.

C.it ensures individual rights to citizens.

Indeterminate sanctions include community service, restitution, fines, boot camp, home confinement and _________________

Based on the above quote, explain how the fear of failure is important to entrepreneurs and why finding a good team of people is a key focus of franchise owners.

Paul is the neighborhood Peeping Tom.At night he goes into Mary's backyard and peers through her bedroom window as she changes clothes.While Paul gains sexual gratification in watching Mary change clothes,he is also violating the ________ statute.

Please help me to answer this ​

35. David Fahey, a businessman in a medium-sized Ohio town, decides to run for city council. He has a

master's degree, is married, has three sons, and is a respected member of society. He fears he may lose the

upcoming city council election to a newcomer, Keith Joseph, who recently moved back to town after

establishing himself in South Carolina.

David hires his best friend, John, to call in a bomb threat on election day to a precinct where his rival, Keith

Joseph, is expected to garner majority support. This act is an example of

a. election fraud

a

One country has a comparative advantage over another country in the production of a good if it.

use complete sentences. What do you think is the most serious crime affecting society? Why?

Within police departments, there is a focus on the status of individuals as opposed to their behavior. Training officers [TOs] teach recruits what to look for in terms of potential danger, and officers tell each other stories about things they have seen that mark individuals as dangerous. This can be referred to as:
Group of answer choices

criminal motivation

criminal intent

police interaction

criminal blindness

The decision in the Tinker case said that students do not have certain inalienable rights when they enter a school facility.
True
False