Practitioners of the branch of alternative medicine known as homeopathy claim that very dilute solutions of substances can have an effect. Is the claim plausible? To explore this question, suppose that you prepare a solution of a supposedly active substance, X, with a molarity of 0.10 molL1 . Then you dilute 10. mL of that solution by doubling the volume, doubling it again, and so on, for 90 doublings in all. How many molecules of X will be present in 10. mL of the fi nal solution? Comment on the possible health benefi ts of the solution.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

a. 4.865 × 10⁻⁷ molecules. b. The possible health benefits of the drug might be minimal or non-existent.

Explanation:

a. Since we have 0.10 mol/L and 10 mL of solution, the number of moles in 10 mL of solution is n = CV where C = concentration and V = Volume. C = 0.10 mol/L and V = 10 mL = 0.01 L.

So n = CV = 0.10 mol/L × 0.01 L = 0.001 mol.

Since the initial volume of the solution is 10 mL and doubled, it is 2 × 10 mL = 20 mL. It is doubled again to 2 × 20 mL = 40 mL. It is doubled again to 2 × 40 mL = 80 mL. Our third doubling is thus 80 mL = 2 × 2 × 2 × 10 mL = 2³ × 10 mL. So the volume for our nth doubling is V = 2ⁿ × 10 mL. So four our 90 th doubling, the volume is V = 2⁹⁰ × 10 mL = 2⁹⁰ × 10 mL

Since we have 0.001 mol present, the concentration in this new volume is thus C' = 0.001 mol/2⁹⁰ × 10 mL.

So the number of moles in 10 mL of this solution is thus n = 0.001 mol/(2⁹⁰ × 10 mL) × 10 mL = 0.001/2⁹⁰ mol

To find the number of molecules of X present we use, number of moles, n = number of molecules, N/Avogadro's number of molecules, N'

n = N/N'

N = nN'

= 0.001/2⁹⁰ mol × 6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol

= 8.078 × 10⁻³¹ × 6.022 × 10²³

= 48.65 × 10⁻⁸

= 4.865 × 10⁻⁷ molecules.

b. Since the number of molecules of X present in 10 mL solution of the final diluted solution is 4.865 × 10⁻⁷ molecules, this shows that the number of molecules of X is very little so, the possible health benefits of the drug might be minimal or non-existent.


Related Questions

In coastal ecosystems as sea otters populations decline sea urchins populations

Increased
Decreased
Remained the same
None of the above

Answers

Decreased I believe

Identify the following examples as either physical or chemical change.
(Ill give brainliest if right)

Answers

Answer:

19. Physical

20. Physical

21. Chemical

22. Physical

23. Chemical

24. Chemical

25. Physical

Explanation:

What represents the identity of an element

Answers

Answer:

The identity of an element is its atomic number, which is the number of protons within the nucleus of one of its atoms.

Explanation:

The molecule
found in paper is almost identical to the
carbohydrate molecule found in mashed
potatoes.
glycogen
chitin
cellulose

Answers

Answer:cellulose

Explanation:

I just did it.

What does an increase of 1 pH number represent?​

Answers

Answer:

A one-point pH change indicates the strength of the acid or base has increased or decreased tenfold; a 2-point change indicates a 100-fold change in acidity or alkalinity, and a 3-point change in pH indicates a 1000-fold change. Examples: • An increase in pH from 7.0 to 8.0 means the water is 10 times more basic.

Explanation:

Which structure is a valid representation of a hydrocarbon molecule?

Answers

Im pretty sure it is the first one

what layer of the Earth is made of liquid metal?

Answers

Answer:

the outer core

Answer:

The outer core

_______forces do not affect the movement of an object.​

Answers

Balanced
Balanced forces do not cause change, unbalanced ones do

4. Hot material in the Earth's mantle rises and cool material
sinks. This is an example of

a. conduction
b. convection
c. radiation
d. none of these

Answers

Answer:

Th answer is b. convection.

Explanation:

As the heat rises it cools down and it sinks and as the cold sinks it heats up so then it rises back up.

What does “like dissolves like” mean?

a
solvents dissolve chemicals with the same color (ex. both are green)
b
solvents dissolve chemicals made by the same company (ex. both made by Dow)
c
solvents dissolve chemicals with the same polarity ( ex. both are polar)
d
solvents dissolve chemicals with the same size (ex. both are 3 inches)

Answers

Answer:

c  solvents dissolve chemicals with the same polarity ( ex. both are polar)

Explanation:

Like dissolves like is one of the central rule that guides the solubility of one substance in another.

It fully suggests substance having the same nature as in polarity-wise will dissolve one another. For example, water is a polar liquid, it will dissolve table salt because it i also polar. Water cannot dissolve oil because oil is non-polar.

identify the molar mass of na2(so4)3

Answers

Answer:

142.04 g/mol  is the answer to your question.

who ran the control room chernobyl part 1

Answers

Is this about among Us if so I have no idea

Question 1 of 10
Which describes the law of conservation of matter?
O A. The reactants must have more atoms than the products.
B. The reactants must have fewer atoms than the products.
C. Atoms change into other elements during a reaction.
D. The same atoms must be in the products and the reactants.
SUBMIT
FIRST PERSON GETS BRAINLIEST IF RIGHT

Answers

Answer:

I think is D. The same atoms must be in the products and the reactants.

Explanation:

Explanation:

DThe same atoms must be in the products and the reactants.

formal units are formed by?

Answers

Answer:

However, when formal units are used to measure length, the measurement can usually be read from a scale on a ruler or tape, which shows units of a particular size. Unit iteration involves knowledge of repeatedly placing identical tightly packing units so that there are no overlaps or gaps.

Explanation:

What is the concentration of hplus ions at a ph=11

Answers

Answer: 10^-11

Explanation:

to find the concentration of H+ ions given the ph, we use the formula 10^(-pH).

so 10^-11

For the following problems, identify the substance as either an element, a compound, or a mixture. Write E for Element, C for compound, and M for mixture. 34. Silicon ___E__ 35. Salad dressing __M___ 36. Table Salt (NaCl) __C___ 37. Oatmeal with apples and raisins_____ 38. Lithium _____ 39. Copper Sulfate (CuSO4) _____

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

34. E

35. M

36. C

37. M

38. E

39. C

What do you think happens to Difluoroethane at –24°C? Provide evidence to support your claim.

Answers

Answer:

The following subsections explain the explanation according to the particular circumstance.

Explanation:

The boiling point seems to be the temperature beyond which the working fluid as well as the boiling phase would be at a predetermined pressure or voltage at equilibrium among one another and.  The vapor or boiling temperature of 1,1 difluoroethane seems to be -25oC at 1 atm, although as a gas it can remain at a higher temperature around -24oC.

5. What do the data in your graphs tell you? Explain in one or two sentences what trend the reader should observe in each of your graphs. (Science Lab Report, if you don't know what the answer is please don't answer-)

Answers

Answer:

Graphs are a common method to visually illustrate relationships in the data. The purpose of a graph is to present data that are too numerous or complicated to be described, and  If the data shows pronounced trends or reveals relations between variables, a graph should be used.

Explanation:

literally bro i had the same answer for my actual project for edge

Answer: Graphs are a common method to visually illustrate relationships in the data. The purpose of a graph is to present data that are too numerous or complicated to be described, and  If the data shows pronounced trends or reveals relations between variables, a graph should be used.

Explanation:

Which statement best describes a difference between electromagnetic waves
and mechanical waves?
A. Mechanical waves can transfer matter through empty space.
B. Electromagnetic waves vibrate in two directions that are
perpendicular to each other.
C. Mechanical waves transfer matter, not energy, from one place to
another.
D. Electromagnetic waves require empty space to transfer energy
from one place to another.

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

electronic waves transmits energy but mechanical waves require a medium in order to transport their energy from bgg one place to another.

Answer:

it is B.) Electromagnetic waves vibrate in two directions that are

Explanation:

stay safe 2021

When a piece of sodium metal is kept in water in chemical equation​

Answers

Explanation:

Sodium metal reacts rapidly with water to form a colourless basic solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H2). The reaction continues even when the solution becomes basic. The resulting solution is basic because of the dissolved hydroxide. 

Explanation:

Sodium metal reacts rapidly with water to form a colourless basic solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H2).

2. The ions in an ionic compound separate from each other when
A. dissolved in water
B. when melted
C. when conducting electricity
D. never

Answers

Answer:

A. when dissolved in water

Explanation:

Water is an extremely polar molecule, meaning it has a positive end a negative end. When an ionic compound is dissolved, the positive pole of water will be attracted to the negative ion and attach itself to it. The same goes for the positive ions. That's how water breaks down ionic compounds

Answer:

ions do separate in an ionic compound because there is the free flow of electrons in the oppositely charged ions and conducts electricity in an aqueous form

When 50.0 mL of 1.000 M HCl is reacted with 50.0 mL of 1.000 M NH4OH, the solution's temperature increases 8.65 °C. Calculate qsolution in units of kJ. The specific heat of the salt solution is 4.184 J/g-°C and the density is 1.010 g/mL.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Total volume of solution = 100 mL .

Total mass of the solution = 100 x 1.01 g

= 101 g

specific heat of solution = 4.184 J/g-°C

rise in temperature = 8.65  °C

heat released = mass x specific heat x rise in temperature

= 101 x 4.184 x 8.65

= 3655.35 J

= 3.655 kJ .

qsolution = 3.655 kJ .

What type of reaction is shown here?
SeCl6+O2 , SeO2 + 3Cl2
O Single replacement
O Combustion
O Double replacement
O Synthesis
O Decomposition

Answers

Answer:

Depends since Chemical equation is not written clearly...

Explanation:

if if the comma represents an equal sign then I would assume that this would be a single replacement... however if this is all one equation I would assume it is a double replacement.

The type of chemical reaction shown in the question is a: A. Single replacement.

A chemical reaction can be defined as a chemical process involving the continuous transformation (rearrangement) of either the ionic, atomic or molecular structure of a chemical element, especially through the breakdown and formation of chemical bonds, in order to produce a new chemical compound.

In Chemistry, there are five (5) main types of chemical reaction and these include;

Combination reaction.Combustion reaction.Double-replacement reaction.Decomposition reaction.Single-replacement reaction.

A single-replacement reaction is also referred to as a single-displacement reaction and it can be defined as a type of chemical reaction wherein a single (one) chemical element of the reacting chemical compound is replaced (substituted) by a similar chemical element.

Basically, a single-replacement reaction typically involves a single element ([tex]O_2[/tex]) replacing another element ([tex]Cl_6[/tex]) within a chemical compound ([tex]SeCl_6[/tex]).

[tex]SeCl_6+O_2[/tex]  ----> [tex]SeO_2 + 3Cl_2[/tex]

In conclusion, the above chemical reaction is a single-replacement reaction because oxygen gas replaces the chlorine molecules in selenium hexachloride.

Read more: https://brainly.com/question/13750908

Which characteristic is related to kinetic energy but not potential energy

Answers

Answer:

kinectic is movement and potential is still

Explanation:

While kinetic energy of an object is relative to the state of other objects in its environment, potential energy is completely independent of its environment. Hence the acceleration of an object is not evident in the movement of one object, where other objects in the same environment are also in motion.

Answer:an object’s speed

Explanation:

What is the importance of activity series?​

Answers

The activity series of metals is an empirical tool used to predict products in displacement reactions and reactivity of metals with water and acids in replacement reactions and ore extraction. It can be used to predict the products in similar reactions involving a different metal.

Calculate the mass of 0.100 mol of calcium

Answers

Answer:

4.01 g

Explanation:

Find the kinetic energy of a 5kg bowling ball that is traveling 2 meters per second

Answers

Explanation:

KE = ½ mv²

= ½ x 5 x 2² joule

= 10 joule

A population of panthers lives in the southeastern United States. Over 50 years, the size of the panther population in the region increased. What best explains the increase in the size of the panther population?

Answers

Explanation:

Because the panthers live in the southeastern region of the United states they have increased in population in that region. They have been able to gain more food and have adapted more to there environments. Which allows to increase and reproduce more. That is why the Panthers in the southeastern United states have increased In population.     I hope this works for you and that it helps. I don't mind helping someone who has a question! From, me.

A population of panthers lives in the southeastern United States. Over 50 years, the size of the panther population in the region increased. More panthers were born than died explains the increase in the size of the panther population.

What is the largest panther in the world?

The jaguar, also known as the panther, tigre, or onza, is the world's largest and most powerful cat. Human activities endanger this cat, as they do the Florida panther (Puma concolor).

Because the anteater population will have fewer energy storage molecules available due to the smaller ant population, the anteater population will reproduce less.

Panthers can be found in the southeastern United States. The region's panther population has grown over the last 50 years. Because no animal eats panthers, the panther population is always growing.

Thus, More panthers were born than died explains the increase in the size of the panther population.

To learn  more about the panther, follow the link:

https://brainly.com/question/28060154

#SPJ6

What happens to the energy release of an exothermic reaction?

1.It increases the bond energy of the reactants.
2.It is released to the surroundings.
3.It raises the temperature of the reactants.

Answers

Answer:

2.It is released to the surroundings.

Explanation:

In an exothermic reaction, the energy released is to the environment. At the end of the reaction, the surrounding becomes hotter than the system where the reaction is taking place.

Heat is liberated to the surrounding in an exothermic change. At the end of this change, the surrounding becomes hotter. Examples are combustion, dissolution of substances, etc.

Which part of project management involves determining possible risks?

Answers

Answer:

Resources

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

M

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