Q5. A cyclist travels down a hill from rest at point X, without pedalling. He applies his brakes and the cycle stops at point Y.

Which energy changes have taken place between X and Y?

A) kinetic energy-> heat energy-> gravitational potential energy.

B) gravitational potential energy -> heat energy-> kinetic energy.

C) kinetic energy-> gravitational potential energy-> heat energy.

D) gravitational potential energy-> kinetic energy-> heat energy.​

The temperature of the upper disk T1​;

Let's now think about the net rate of radiation from the upper disk. If we take a look at the given figure we will notice that the heat is transferred by radiation from surface A1​ to both lower disk of surface A2and the surroundings. So, we will write the net rate of heat transfer from A1as:

Q˙​1​​=Q˙​12​+Q˙​1,surr​

where: σ=5.67⋅10−8 W m2K2σ=5.67⋅10−8 m2K2 W​.

According to eq. (2), the unknown values that have to be determined in order to calculate T2 are:

 Surface area A1A1​;

 The view factors F12F12​ and F1,surrF1,surr​.

The surface area A1A1​ is the surface of the disk, calculated using the well-known equation:

A1=D12π4=0.22π4=0.0314 m2

This was easy. Let's move on to a little bit more difficult part, which is determining the view factors.

We will now calculate the view factor F12F12​. Since surfaces A1A1​ and A2A2​ are coaxial parallel disks, the view factor will be determined using the following expression:

Remember that distance between the disks is given to be:

L=0.2 m

L=0.2 m

Therefore, we will calculate SS as:

S=1+1+(0.20.2)2(0.10.2)2=1+1+0.520.52=9

Now, let's substitute values to eq. (3) and determine the view factor from the upper to the lower disk:

F12​​=21​⎝

⎛​9−[92−4(0.10.2​)2]1/2⎠

⎞​=0.47​

Next, by applying the summation rule for surfaceA1A1​, F1, surrF1, surr​ will be determined:

F11+F12+F1, surr=1F1, surr=1−F11−F12=1−0−0.47=0.53

Note: The disk is a plate surface that can not see itself. Therefore, the view factor from the plate surface to itself is equal to zero: F11=0F11​=0.

Now, that we have all the values we need, by substituting them into eq. (2), it follows:

17.5=1⋅5.67⋅10−8⋅0.0314⋅[0.47⋅(T14−5004)+0.53⋅(T14−3004)]17.5=0.178⋅10−8⋅[0.47⋅(T14−5004)+0.53⋅(T14−3004)]

17.517.5​=1⋅5.67⋅10−8⋅0.0314⋅[0.47⋅(T14​−5004)+0.53⋅(T14​−3004)]=0.178⋅10−8⋅[0.47⋅(T14​−5004)+0.53⋅(T14​−3004)]​

Finally, if we rearrange the previous equation, we will calculate the temperature of the upper disk:

0.08366⋅10−8⋅T14+0.09434⋅10−8⋅T14=17.5+49.94+7.640.178⋅10−8⋅T14=75.08T14=75.080.178⋅10−8T1=421.8⋅1084=453.2 K

0.08366⋅10−8⋅T14​+0.09434⋅10−8⋅T14​0.178⋅10−8⋅T14​T14​T1​​=17.5+49.94+7.64=75.08=0.178⋅10−875.08​=4421.8⋅108

​=453.2 K​​

Therefore, the required value of T1​ is obtained and our problem is solved.

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The graph representing a line with constant slope increasing represents the relation between speed and time of the dart-potato system.

Increasing slope represents that the slope is positive and as the quantity on x- axis increases, the quantity on y-axis also increases.

Momentum is said to be conserved before and after collision in a two-object system. Here, the two objects are said to be dart and potato. The potato and dart after collision are said to move by sticking together after the collision.

The potato-dart system is said to be moving with increasing velocity after the collision. The speed of the potato-dart system is given as v.

The question is incomplete. The speed v of the centre of mass of the dart-potato system, as a function of time t, before, during, and after the collision is represented by the graph attached below.

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The figure shows the gears A, B, C, D. The minimum required diameter of the shaft is d = 25 mm.

The angular velocity of the shaft,

ω = 600 rev/min × 1/60 min/s × 2π rad/rev = 20 π rad/s

The torque exerted on the gears A, C, D are

T a = P a/ω = 6(10³)/20π = 95.49 N m

T c = P c/ω = 4(10³)/20π = 63.66 N m

T d = P d/ω = 5(10³)/20π = 79.58 N m

Segment BC of the shaft is critical as it is subjected to a greater internal torque.

τ a = T bc C/J

75 × 10⁶ = 143.23(d/2) /[ π/2 × (d/2)⁴]

d = 0.02135 m = 21.35 mm

According to observation, gear D's relative twist angle to gear B is the largest.

The requirement Ф b/d = Σ ([Ti Li)/(Ji Gi)] = 0.05

T bc L bc/ (J Gst) + T cd L cd/ (J Gst) = 0.05

0.6/ [ π/2 × (d/2)⁴ 75 × 10⁹] × (143.24 + 79.58) = 0.05

d = 0.02455 m = 24.55 mm ≈ 25 mm

Thus, the minimum required diameter of the shaft is d = 25 mm.

The question is incomplete. The complete question is 'If the shaft is made of steel with the allowable shear stress of τ a = 75 M Pa, and the relative angle of twist between any two gears cannot exceed 0.05 rad, determine the required minimum diameter d of the shaft to the nearest milli meter. The shaft is rotating at 600 rpm.'

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Maximum load weight is the amount of permissiable load that can be carried by a vehicle in a particular country region.

Maximum load in a region is decided by the authority of that particular area. It can be calculated by subtract the curb weight from the GVWR . For example, if we have a  truck with a GVWR of 9,000 pounds and a curb weight of 6,000 pounds, the load limit will be 3,000 pounds: GVWR – curb weight = load limit

Or we can say that  the maximum allowable force that can be applied to a stage in a specified direction while meeting stage specifications is known as the maximum load weight.

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Answer:

Gravitational force.

Electric force.

Magnetic force.

Nuclear force.

Frictional force.

Option C; If the Sun were twice as massive the pull of the Earth on the Sun would double.

A hot, incandescent ball of hydrogen and helium at the center of our solar system, our Sun is a 4.5 billion year old star. Despite the Sun's distance from Earth, which is around 93 million miles (150 million kilometers), life as we know it would not be possible on our planet without the Sun's radiation.

To fill the volume of the Sun, 1.3 million Earths would be required. The solar system is held together by its gravity, which keeps everything in orbit around it, from the largest planets to the smallest pieces of junk. The Sun's core, which reaches temperatures of more than 27 million degrees Fahrenheit, is its hottest region (15 million degrees Celsius).

Option C; If the Sun were twice as massive the pull of the Earth on the Sun would double.

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The terms "amplitude" and "wavelength" refer to a maximum deflection from the mean location and the total distance traveled by a vibrating particle, respectively.The frequency refers to the number of full vibrations per second, similarly.

The wavelength of a wave is the distance that separates two adjacent crests or troughs.

Measured from the wave's highest point (peak and crest) to its lowest point, the amplitude of the wave indicates its height (trough).Wavelength is the distance a wave travels between peaks.

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Answer:

the law of interaction, says that if one body exerts a force on a second body, the second body exerts a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first body. It's the law of action-reaction, and it helps to explain why you feel a jolt when you collide with another bumper car.

Heavier cars have more momentum, so they travel further, given the same amount of friction.

Explanation:

Greater energy is correlated with shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies. Therefore, lower energy is produced by longer wavelengths and lower frequencies. E = hv is the energy equation.

The frequency & energy (E) of a wavelength drop as it grows in size. You may conclude from these equations that the wavelength shortens with increasing frequency. The wavelength lengthens with decreasing frequency. Mechanical and electromagnetic waves are the two main categories of waves.

Wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional to one another. The wavelength of a wave that has a high frequency is also its shortest. Half the wavelength corresponds to frequency multiples of two. The wavelength ratio is hence the polar opposite of the frequency ratio.

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The chemical formula of Magnesium Bromine MgBr₂.

As the name says MgBr, we can easily conclude that in this compound there are two elements present.

One of the elements is Magnesium which is denoted by Mg, while the other is Bromine which is denoted by Br.

Magnesium is a metal while bromine is a non-metal, the combination of both elements will be Magnesium bromide which is denoted by MgBr2, which is an ionic compound.

Magnesium bromide is a chemical compound which is formed by the combination of magnesium and bromine.

The chemical formula of Magnesium Bromine MgBr₂.

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The the velocity which the water flow out of the tank  is  29.698 m/s

What is Bernoulli's principle?

It gives the relationship between pressure, kinetic energy, and gravitational potential energy of a fluid in a container .

P₁ + 1/2ρv₁² + ρgh₁ = P₂ + 1/2ρv₂² + ρgh₂

Since it is a open tank,

P₁ = P₂ = P₀ , atmoshperic pressure

h₁ = 50m

h₂ = 5m

v₁ = 0

Applying Bernoulli's principle

P₁ + 1/2ρv₁² + ρgh₁ = P₂ + 1/2ρv₂² + ρgh₂

P₀ + 0 + ρgh₁ = P₀ + 1/2ρv₂² + ρgh₂

ρgh₁ = 1/2ρv₂² + ρgh₂

v₂ = √(2g(h₁-h₂))

  =  √(2×9.8(50-5))

 =  29.698 m/s

Therefore the velocity which the water flow out of the tank  is  29.698 m/s

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the rod reaches a steady speed, it accelerates to the right.continues to move.

A displacement how an object or particle experiences with regard to time is expressed vectorially as velocity.One meter / second (m/s) is the accepted unit of flow speed (also known as speed).

Velocity is the pace and direction of the an object's movement, whereas speed is the timekeeping that an object is travelling along a path.In other words, velocity is a vector, whereas speed is indeed a scalar value.

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The net force acting on the ball is 240 Newtons.

We know that force applied at a particular instant is equal to the mass of the particle (or object ) times the acceleration of the particle at that particular instant.  

Also, force is defined as the rate of change of momentum of a particle at that instant.

But in this problem we have to use force on the particle at the instant is equal to the mass of the particle times the acceleration of the particle at that instant.

So, we have been given the mass of the particle as 20 kg and the acceleration of the particle as 12 m/s² .

So-net force on particle = 20*12 =240 Newtons.

Hence, the net force on the ball is equal to 240 Newtons.

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Solar energy is harnessed using three basic technologies: photovoltaics (PV), which directly converts light to electricity; solar thermal energy; and solar thermal energy.

Concentrating solar power (CSP), which uses solar thermal energy to power utility-scale electric turbines; and solar heating and cooling (SHC) systems The photovoltaic effect, or photovoltaics, is the method of directly generating energy from solar radiation. Photovoltaics is probably the most well-known method of harnessing solar energy today. Photovoltaics (PV) and concentrated solar-thermal power are the two main forms of solar energy technology (CSP). the first commercially feasible perovskite solar cells, which can be produced at room temperature and use less energy than silicon-based solar cells.

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wavelength of the photon is 300 nm

using ν= c/λ,

where c ⇒ speed of light =3x10⁸ m/s

λ⇒wavelength of light = 300 nm

frequency⇒ν=(3x10⁸)/(300X10⁻⁹)

so, ν= 10¹⁵ s⁻¹ is the frequency of photon of wavelength 300 nm.

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The formula V = π r² h or V = π R² H is used to measure the volume of a cylinder.

The volume of a cylinder is the density of the cylinder which indicates the amount of material that can be held in it or how much amount of any material can be immersed in it. To find a cylinder's volume, the formula to be used is v = π r² h (V = π R² H). In this formula, V is the volume of the cylinder; π r² represents the area of the base of the cylinder, with radius 'r'; h is the height of the cylinder.

Therefore, the given V = π r² h or V = π R² H is the formula to calculate a cylinder's volume.

"

Correct question is as follows:

What formula is this V = Πr²h or V = π R² H?

"

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The vernal or spring equinox occurs in the northern hemisphere on March 21 or 22.

Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure. For example, in an investigation, if a measuring device consistently produces the same results when used to measure the same quantity, it can be considered reliable.

Validity refers to the accuracy of a measure. In an investigation, if a measuring device accurately reflects the true value of the quantity being measured, it can be considered valid.

Precision refers to the degree to which repeated measurements of the same quantity agree with one another. In an investigation, if a measuring device produces results that are consistently close to one another, it can be considered precise.

For example, in an investigation to determine the weight of a substance, a reliable, valid, and precise scale would consistently produce the same weight measurement for the substance each time it is weighed, and the measurement would accurately reflect the true weight of the substance.

The sonar systems calculate the time each pulse takes to reach the seafloor and return, then translates those times into water depths, allowing us to uncover the bathymetry below us.

Multibeam sonar signals are sent out from the ship. With about 1500 sonar soundings sent out per second, multibeam “paints” the seafloor in a fanlike pattern. This creates a detailed “sound map” that shows ocean depth, bottom type, and topographic features.

Sonar, short for Sound Navigation and Ranging, is helpful for exploring and mapping the ocean because sound waves travel farther in the water than do radar and light waves.

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Answer:

Approximately [tex]0.45[/tex] (assuming that the surface is level, the mass is moving at constant velocity, and that [tex]g = 9.81\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-2}}[/tex].)

Explanation:

With a power of [tex]P = 1.0\; {\rm kW} = 1.0\times 10^{3} \; {\rm W}[/tex], the work that would be done over [tex]t = 10\; {\rm s}[/tex] would be:

[tex]\begin{aligned}(\text{work}) &= (\text{power})\, (\text{time}) \\ &= (1.0\times 10^{3}\; {\rm W})\, (10\; {\rm s}) \\ &= 1.0 \times 10^{4}\; {\rm J}\end{aligned}[/tex].

Divide work by distance to find the force that did the work:

[tex]\begin{aligned} (\text{force}) &= \frac{(\text{work})}{(\text{distance})} \\ &= \frac{1.0\times 10^{4}\; {\rm J}}{50\; {\rm m}} \\ &= 200\; {\rm N}\end{aligned}[/tex].

If this mass is moving at a constant velocity, the magnitude of friction on this mass will be equal to that of the external force, [tex]200\; {\rm N}[/tex].

If the surface is level, the magnitude of the normal force on this mass will be equal to that of weight:

[tex]\begin{aligned}(\text{weight}) &= (\text{mass})\, g \\ &= (45\; {\rm kg})\, (9.81\; {\rm N\cdot kg^{-2}}) \\ &\approx 4.41 \times 10^{3}\; {\rm N}\end{aligned}[/tex].

Divide the magnitude of friction by normal force to find the coefficient of friction:

[tex]\begin{aligned}& (\text{coefficient of friction}) \\ =\; & \frac{(\text{friction})}{(\text{normal force})} \\ \approx\; & \frac{200\; {\rm N}}{(45\; {\rm kg})\, (9.81\; {\rm N\cdot kg^{-1}}))} \\ \approx \; & 0.45\end{aligned}[/tex].

The limited aquifer's water quality will probably be better.

Unconfined aquifers are those where the ground's rock is directly exposed at the surface and groundwater is continuously refilled, for instance by precipitation or snowmelt. Thick deposits that surround an aquifer and keep it enclosed from the Earth's surface or other rocks are known as confined aquifers.

Because there is less drawdown over a smaller area with an unconfined aquifer than with a confined aquifer for the same rate of water withdrawal, unconfined aquifers are often preferred to confined aquifers from a hydraulic standpoint.

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Answer:

1.Newton's third law

2.Newton's third law

3.Newton's second law

4.Newton's first law

5.Newton's second law

6.Haha I don't know about this but by inference it is Newton's first law.

Explanation:

If you neglect friction it can 68600 high coast up the hill and 21400J energy is lost to friction if the motorcycle only gains an altitude of 35.0m before coming to rest.

Only because transformed of kinetic energy into potential energy.
at the minimum height the p-e is minimum but k-e maximum ,also in maximum height p-e  is maximum but k-e is minimum.

Given, mass of motorcycle  

(m)=200kg

speed(v)=300m/s

we have from kinematic equation

v^2=u^2-2gh

at the maximum height(h) final speed v=0

=u^2-2gh=0                      AS  G=9.8M/S^2

=H=U^2/2G

H=(30.0)^2/2X9.8

H=45.92M THIS IS HEIGHT.

GIVEN H=35.0M

At the height h=35.0m,

we have the potential energy ( p.e) v= mgh

 v=200x9.8x35.0  

 v=68600

again the kinetic energy (k.e)=1/2mr^2

=1/2x(30.0)^2x200

=90000J

so the energy lost, (90000-68600)J

=21400J

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If the weight lifter moves the weights at a steady speed, the amount of work he performs is W = 462 J.

an object's work is equal to the product of the force it is subjected to and the distance it travels.

W = Work Done, where W = F d

Force: F

Displacement equals d

The factors in this situation are as follows:

F = 280 N for the sets, and d = 1.65 m for the vertical distance traveled.

W = (300 N)(2.15 m)

W = 462 J.

Assuming the weight lifter moves the weights at a constant speed, the work he performs is W = 462 J.

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The normal force decreases as the angle of the incline increases, which reduces the frictional force.

By using the normal force of the plane to offset the gravitational force, inclined planes also enable the safe vertical descent of heavy, fragile objects, including people. Moving an object uphill requires force because an inclined plane increases the force that the user applies. An inclined plane is a straightforward device that consists of a sloping surface connecting two elevations. It is employed to transport objects more conveniently to higher elevations.

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To be carbon neutral we need  to offset your remaining emissions, which can be done by making financial contributions to initiatives that reduce atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.

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The thermal conductivity of a product is measured in units of W/mK by the lambda value, which is also referred to as the "K-value" or "-value."

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Because the electrons travel more quickly under pressure and have more kinetic energy, they eventually leap into a broader orbit. The energy that was previously held in every electron will transform into potential energy.

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YES.instances of scope Employee travel & commuting are 2 emissions.

journeys for work. bought products and services.

Scope 3 emission are the outcome of operations on resources that the reporting company does not own or control, but which are indirectly impacted by the organization through its value chain.All sources outside of an organization's range 1 & scope 2 boundary are included in scope 3 emissions.

Although they emanate from sources that company doesn't own or control, scope 3 emissions are a byproduct of corporate operations.

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The recessional velocity of the galaxy is 2.70×10⁻³km/s

Simply put, recessional velocity is the speed at which an item is moving away from the observer. The Doppler Effect and redshift both depend heavily on this idea. The recessional velocity in the Doppler Effect can be determined by extrapolating the wavelength of the waves from their rest wavelength.

We are given that,

Velocity = v = 25000 km/s

Distance = d = 108 light years

Hubble's law states: If the galaxy's moving velocity is given by v, and its distance from Earth is given by d, and H is the Hubble constant, we can write as,

v = H×d

v = (25 km/s per million light years)×108 light years

v = (2.5×10⁻⁵ km/s per light years)×108 light years

v = 2.70×10⁻³ km/s

Therefore, the recessional velocity of the galaxy is 2.70×10⁻³ km/s.

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