The adrenal medullae are modified autonomic ganglia that secrete hormones that trigger effects similar to the sympathetic division of the ANS.
The interior of your adrenal gland is called the medulla. hormones that control your autonomic nervous system are released. This system regulates automatic processes like heart rate that you ordinarily wouldn't think about. The hormones that start the flight or fight response are under the control of the adrenal medulla. Both epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which have comparable roles, are the primary hormones released by the adrenal medulla.
The sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system sympathetic division extends glandular into the adrenal medulla. The medulla releases adrenaline and norepinephrine hormones into the blood stream when the sympathetic division is activated in response to stress or a threat.
Hence, both adrenal medulla and sympathetic division work in similar manner.
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Briefly discuss the THREE points of view concerning the anthropologist's role in the practical affairs of other cultures.
Which one do you support and why
Answer:
The three points of view concerning the anthropologist's role in the practical affairs of other cultures are:
1. Anthropologists should remain neutral, focus solely on research, and not involve themselves in practical affairs.
2. Anthropologists should have an active role in the practical affairs of other cultures, using their research and knowledge to inform and influence decision-making.
3. Anthropologists should maintain a mediatory role, acting as intermediaries between the two sides of a conflict and helping to facilitate dialogue and understanding.
I support the second point that anthropologists should have an active role in the practical affairs of other cultures. Anthropologists have a unique and valuable perspective that can be used to inform decisions about development and other issues that impact cultural groups. They can use their research to provide insights into the potential consequences of specific policies and suggest tailored solutions that consider the needs and interests of those involved. This can help to ensure that decisions are made in an informed and equitable way, fostering understanding and collaboration between cultures.
Explanation:
In the process of , DNA is used as a template for making another type of nucleic acid called . The process begins when the enzyme binds to a region called the .
In the process of transcription, DNA is used as a template for making another type of nucleic acid called RNA. The process begins when the enzyme binds to a region called the promoter region.
What is the process of transcription?The process of transcription refers to the cellular mechanism which used the genetic information provided by DNA to synthesize a complementary RNA strand to a given fragment of the molecule, which is then used to generate a protein in the case of the messenger RNA molecule or mRNA.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the process of transcription is based on the use of a fragment of a single strand in the DNA nucleotide sequence which is used as a template to create a single-strand RNA sequence similar to the first but complementary.
Complete question:
Fill in the blanks. In the process of ___, DNA is used as a template for making another type of nucleic acid called ___. The process begins when the enzyme binds to a region called the ____.
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What part of the nervous system is responsible for maintaining the normal functioning of the body?
A. Sensory nervous system
B. Central nervous system
C. Sympathetic nervous system
D. Parasympathetic nervous system
Answer: B
Explanation:
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and the spinal cord. It is responsible for receiving and interpreting sensory input, and for directing the body's responses to that input. The CNS is the "command center" of the body, and is responsible for maintaining the normal functioning of the body by controlling and coordinating the actions of all the other systems and organs.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The autonomic nervous system(Central nervous system) is responsible for maintaining the normal functioning of the body. It consists of two divisions, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, that work together to regulate involuntary body processes such as digestion, heart rate, respiration, and other essential body functions.
The poly A tail is NOT added to an mRNA during RNA processing . How would this affect the mRNA's journey to the ribosome?
An artificial cell filled with a glucose solution was placed in a beaker of water, as represented below. The beaker was left undisturbed for 20 minutes.If both glucose and starch were added to the artificial cell, where would the starch be located after 20 minutes?answer choicesBoth inside and outside of the cellOutside of the cell onlyInside of the cell onlyIt would deteriorate and disappear
When glucose and starch are added to an artificial cell filled with a glucose solution, the starch can be found in either the inside or outside of the cell after 20 minutes. This is due to the diffusion process, which is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
As the glucose solution is the higher concentration, molecules of glucose will move out of the cell into the beaker of water, while molecules of starch will move from the beaker into the cell. Therefore, after 20 minutes, both glucose and starch can be found inside and outside of the cell.
The diffusion process is a fundamental principle of biology, and it is responsible for the exchange of molecules between cells and their environment. This process is essential for the survival of cells, as it allows them to obtain the nutrients they need to survive.
However, the diffusion process is not the only way that molecules can move. Osmosis is another process by which molecules can travel across an artificial cell membrane. Osmosis is the movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. Therefore, when starch is added to an artificial cell filled with a glucose solution, the starch molecules will move from the beaker into the cell.
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An organization whose members have a common cause for which they seek to influence public policy is called an ____.
Answer: interest group
Explanation:
In what layer of skin would you find this tissue?
The outermost layer of the skin called stratum corneum is composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
What is epidermis?The topmost layer of skin on your body is called the epidermis. It defends your body from damage, keeps you hydrated, regenerates skin cells, and includes melanin, which gives your skin its colour.
Skin's epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium that continually regenerates. It is mostly made up of keratinocytes, but it also includes Langerhans cells, melanocytes, and Merkel cells. The keratinocytes are supported by the dermis, which also houses the nerve and vascular networks that provide the epidermis with nutrients.
The stratum basale, which is the epidermis' innermost layer, as well as the stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum are among the epidermis' layers (the most superficial portion of the epidermis).
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What is human cell and define function ?
Cells in the human body number in the trillions and come in all shapes and sizes. These tiny structures are the basic unit of living organisms .The body contains around 50—100 trillion cells, and they vary widely in size, number, structure, and use.
Examples of Human Cell Types-
Many common types of human cells — such as bone cells and white blood cells — actually consist of several subtypes of cells. Each subtype, in turn, has a special structure and function.
Functions of human cell-
It protects the cell.It regulates the exchange of substances in and out of the cell.They process and bundle macromolecules in the cells.They modify, sort, and package proteins. That’s why Golgi bodies are tagged as the post office of the cell. They gather simple molecules and group them to form a complex.For more information about human cells see,
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Different types of cells are found in the human body which perform specialized functions such as circulation, respiration, excretion, transportation, etc.
What is Human cell?Human bodies are made up of eukaryotic cells. Cells are the basic building blocks of all the living things including animals, plants, fungi, and protists. The human body is composed of over trillions of cells. These cells provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from the food they eat, convert those nutrients from food into energy, and also carry out specialized functions.
Different types of cells which perform specialized functions in the human body include: stem cells, these are the embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells, one cells including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, skin cells including keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, langerhans cells, endothelial cells such as those lining blood vessels, and epithelial cells such as those lining body cavities.
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Which of the following methods of agricultural irrigation results in the loss of the least amount of water by evaporation?
A) Conventional center-pivotal irrigation
B) Drip irrigation
C) Laser-level irrigation
D) Flood irrigation
E) Gravity-flow irrigation
Drip irrigation is a method of agricultural irrigation that results in the loss of the least amount of water by evaporation. It is most efficient and cost effective method.
Watering your lawn and garden effectively and affordably may be done with drip irrigation. Drip irrigation is a typical practice in the country's drier regions, and it is gaining popularity in the Northeast. Drip irrigation is 90% effective at letting plants use the water delivered, as opposed to other forms of irrigation like sprinklers, which are just 65-75% effective. Furthermore, it lessens evaporation and runoff. Water is progressively provided through drip irrigation to the plant root zone, where it is most necessary.
While large nurseries and farms have used drip irrigation more frequently, households are starting to take advantage of its advantages. As a homeowner, you can use drip irrigation to irrigate trees and shrubs, as well as your perennial and vegetable gardens.
The common benefits of drip irrigation are:-
Places a precise amount of water where you need it.Prevents overwatering.Results in less weeding.Conserves water.Saves money.To know more about agricultural irrigation visit;
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In the species equilibrium model, increasing extinction will species equilibrium will not change increase species equilibrium decrease species equilibrium
In the species equilibrium model, if the extinction rate increases, the number of species on an island should decrease.
The species equilibrium model describes the theoretical relationship between immigration and extinction of species to islands, depending on their size and distance from the mainland or other species source. The equilibrium model of island biogeography, from the question, states
that the species composition on an island will constitute a balance between the immigration and extinction rates. The succession on the island would be how the species composition on an island develops gradually with time.
So, species arriving later might outcompete
earlier arriving species. As the Islands
continue to develop, major players like the
primary producers and other factors that
aid ecological development would support
the growth of species that would previously
have struggled to live on the island.
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A reaseacher claims that the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate is essential to cellular function
The statement that best helps justify the researcher’s claim is option C: ATP hydrolysis is an energy-releasing reaction that is often coupled with reactions that require an input of energy.
What happens when ATP hydrolysis?Gamma phosphate from hydrolyzed ATP is really delivered to the pump protein rather than merely floating away. It is known as phosphorylation when a phosphate group binds to a molecule. A phosphate from ATP is often transferred onto another molecule during ATP hydrolysis.
The process that is said to be an exergonic processes include ATP hydrolysis. ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate), Pi (Inorganic Phosphorus), and energy are produced. In some circumstances, ADP can go through further hydrolysis to create AMP (adenosine monophosphate) and Pi.
Therefore, in the context of the above, when the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are broken, such as in muscles, chemical energy that had been stored in these bonds is released through the catabolic reaction process known as ATP hydrolysis.
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See full question below
A researcher claims that the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) is essential to cellular function.
Which of the following statements best helps justify the researcher’s claim?
a. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is a substance that cells typically acquire from their environment.
b. ATP synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ADP and Pi to ATP.
c. ATP hydrolysis is an energy-releasing reaction that is often coupled with reactions that require an input of energy.
d. ADP is a small molecule that some cells release into their environment as a way of communicating with other cells.
which of the following statements would aquinas (i.e. defenders of the thomistic theory of disability) agree with?
If the first cause in a series of effective causes were to disappear, the subsequent causes would be rendered impossible.
The five proofs of Thomas Aquinas can be summed up as follows:
1. The motion we notice in the universe was started by God, who is the First Mover.
2. The effects we see in the universe have God as their primary cause.
3. God maintains the universe's existence.
4. God is the source of the universe's hierarchy of perfections.
5. The intelligence that directs nature is God.
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the forearm in the figure(figure 1) accelerates a 2.7 kg ball at 6.4 m/s2 by means of the triceps muscle, as shown.
The calculated answer for the torque is 5.357 Nm and the force is 17.28 N for the forearm given in the figure.
We must determine the required torque and the force that the triceps muscle produces in order to answer the issue.
We are aware that the conservation of angular momentum is disrupted when a system receives a net torque, which causes angular acceleration.
Allow the arm to be massless here.
A symbol for the torque is as.
τ=Iα
Where (I) is the moment of inertia.
α is the angular acceleration.
So,
τ=mR^2 α
τ=mRa
Here we have used the relationship between angular and tangential acceleration, which is: α=a/R.
The position vector is: R = 0.31
The mass is m =2.7
The tangential acceleration is: a =6.4 m/s2
So, the torque will be,
τ=2.7*0.31*6.4
=5.3568
So, the required torque is 5.357 Nm.
And we know that torque is: τ=F.R
So, force is F = τ/r
= 5.357/0.31
=17.28 N
The complete question is:
The forearm in the figure(figure 1) accelerates a 2.7 kg ball at 6.4 m/s2 by means of the triceps muscle, as shown. a) Calculate the torque needed. Ignore the mass of the arm. Answer in m*Nb) Calculate the force that must be exerted by the triceps muscle. Answer in N
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If a cell is exposed to Difivarin , what part of gene expression would be affected ?
Answer:
Difivarin (also known as divarin) is a small molecule inhibitor that targets the enzyme RNA polymerase II (RNAP II). RNAP II is responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA) from DNA templates during gene expression. Difivarin specifically inhibits the transcription process, which is the first step in gene expression where the information stored in the DNA is used to make an RNA molecule.
In other words, if a cell is exposed to Difivarin, the transcription process would be affected, which would in turn impact gene expression. The mRNA molecule produced by transcription is the intermediate between the DNA sequence and the protein product, so inhibiting transcription would prevent the synthesis of mRNA and ultimately the production of the corresponding protein.
It is important to note that Difivarin has not been approved for use in humans, and its effects have only been studied in preclinical models. It is currently being developed as a potential anticancer agent.
Explanation:
A tiny chemical inhibitor called Difivarin (sometimes called divarin) targets the RNA polymerase II enzyme (RNAP II). When a gene is expressed, messenger RNA (mRNA) is created by RNAP II using DNA templates.
What is Difivarin?The transcription process, the initial stage of gene expression where the data encoded in the DNA is used to create an RNA molecule, is particularly inhibited by diffivarin.
In other words, the transcription process would be impacted by Difivarin exposure, which would then have an effect on gene expression.
Inhibiting transcription would stop the synthesis of mRNA, which would ultimately stop the production of the appropriate protein because mRNA serves as an intermediary between the DNA sequence and the protein output.
Therefore, A tiny chemical inhibitor called Difivarin (sometimes called divarin) targets the RNA polymerase II enzyme (RNAP II). When a gene is expressed, messenger RNA (mRNA) is created by RNAP II using DNA templates.
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list the three basic components of the cytoskeleton. (module 3.4a) list the three basic components of the cytoskeleton. (module 3.4a) intermediate filaments, thick filaments, and thin filaments microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules microfilaments, filaments, and myofibrils cilia, flagella, and centrioles thick filaments, centrioles, and cilia
The three basic components of the cytoskeleton are microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
Cytoskeleton: In addition to providing mechanical support, it assists the cells in maintaining their internal organization and shape. The cell is able to carry out processes like division and movement thanks to this. The microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediary filaments that make up the cytoskeleton are the three main components.
Microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments make up a cell's cytoskeleton. These structures help organize the parts of the cell and give the cell its shape.
Myopathies are caused by a combination of structural and signaling mechanisms in the cytoskeleton. The intracellular locations of the cytoskeletal proteins that are defective in these myopathic syndromes can broadly be divided into groups.
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X
Amount of Fertilizer Fertilizer A Weekly Average
(kg)
Growth (cm)
1
2.8
4.6
1.3
0.3
x
1.5
2
2.5
Gregory is doing his experiment for the science fair. The above table shows the data he collected. Based on the table, what is the best description
of what Gregory wanted to know?
A
Which amount of fertilizer will show the most growth?
B
C
D
Which brand of fertilizer (A, B, or C) works the best?
Soil Test
Fertilizer B Weekly Average
Growth (cm)
2.5
3.3
1.8
0.2
What level of fertilizer is the most that can be given before growth declines?
Which brand and amount of fertilizer will work best?
Fertilizer C Weekly Average
Growth (cm)
3.8
5.1
2.5
0.5
Answer:
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
Explanation: the alfabet is always correct because it stats every letter answer!
The breakdown of organic compounds such as glucose in the absence of oxygen is called fermentation. The byproducts of fermentation differ from cellular respiration. Which of the following is a chemical byproduct of fermentation in humans?
A pyruvate
B ADP
C lactic acid
D glucose
The chemical byproduct of fermentation in people is lactic acid.
How does fermentation work?In addition to bacteria and yeast, mammalian muscles also undergo fermentation. The mechanism that breaks down glucose is anaerobic.
Procedures in Fermentation:In an anaerobic environment, glucose is partially oxidised by yeast. In this process, pyruvic acid is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. Some bacteria employ lactic acid fermentation to convert pyruvic acid into lactic acid.
The glucose or 6-carbon molecule is broken down into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and then 3-phosphoglyceric acid.
During this process, NAD+ is changed into NADH+H+.
When phosphoenol pyruvic acid and 3-phosphoglyceric acid interact,
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According to the dependency model, what historical, social and economic
circumstances led to the current unequal world system?
According to dependency model, core nations, or high-income countries, exploit semi-peripheral and peripheral countries, which are middle-income and low-income countries, leading to a cycle of reliance.
What elements influenced the world's inequality?Income is one element that influences and measures inequality; others include gender, age, origin, ethnicity, handicap, sexual orientation, class, and religion. These elements determine the persistent disparities in opportunity both within and between nations.
What are the causes of inequality as well as its effects?The disparities between the supply and demand for various types of labour are what lead to inequality. There will be a low wage for a job if there are many of eager workers (high supply) but few openings (low demand).
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Which chemical grouping does not include hormones? A) Steroids B) Proteins C) Amines D) Carbohydrates E) Peptides
Hormones fall into three primary chemical categories: protein/polypeptides, steroids, and those created from modified amino acids. They are not included in the chemical grouping of carbohydrates.
What classes of chemicals do hormones fall under?On the basis of their chemical makeup, the hormones in the human body can be categorized into two main classes. Amino acid-derived hormones include amines, peptides, and proteins. Steroids are those produced from lipids.
Are steroids hormones?Abstract. Steroid hormones are a class of hormones that are made from cholesterol and function in the body as chemical messengers. The growth and operation of the reproductive system are two of the many physiological processes that the steroid hormones control.
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Discussion - the optimum pH of yeast ADH:
Fill in the gaps with the correct numbers, words or phrases from the list provided below for this question, to
discuss what is known about the optimum pH of yeast ADH.
Some words, phrases or numbers may be used more than once and others not at all. The spelling must be
correct, and the decimal numbers must be written in UK/USA style, with 'dot' not comma', otherwise the
automatic marking system will not recognise the words and numbers used.
Commercial sources describe Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1.) as an enzyme with a molecular
weight of Blank 1, a tetrameric Blank 2, an isoelectric point of Blank 3, an optimal pH of Blank 4 and an
ability to recognise several types of alcohols as substrates, but being most active with Blank 5 (Sigma-Aldrich,
2014, citing sources published up to 1993).
The optimal pH is the pH value at which an enzyme has the Blank 6 activity. This is determined mainly by the
structure of the enzyme, but in practice it can be influenced by the experimental protocol and the actual
assay conditions. Silverstein (2016) reported an average optimal pH of Blank 7 for yeast ADH, with a range of
Blank 8, which is broader than that given by Sigma-Aldrich (2014), while Aquino Neto et al. (2011) found that
the activity of yeast ADH in solution was highest in the Blank 9 pH range, which is closer to the neutral pH
than that from Sigma-Aldrich (2014).
Commercial sources describe yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) as an enzyme with a molecular weight of 141-151 KDa a tetrameric quaternary structure
For catalysis to occur, the active site of the ADH enzyme must bind a molecule of coenzyme and a molecule of the substrate and catalyze a hydride transfer reaction between them. The alcohol binds to the enzyme NAD+ complex and is reduced to the correct
chegg
How much enzyme is present has no effect on how quickly an enzyme-substrate reaction happens.
True
False
How does tissue type in the respiratory system complement its function?
Answer:
The tissue type in the respiratory system complements its function by providing the structural support and specialized features necessary for efficient gas exchange. The respiratory system is responsible for bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide, and different tissue types in the respiratory system are adapted to perform these functions effectively.
The lungs are the primary organ of the respiratory system, and they are made up of several different tissue types. The outermost layer of the lungs is the pleura, which is a thin, transparent membrane that surrounds the lungs and allows them to expand and contract during breathing.
Inside the lungs, the tissue is divided into small air sacs called alveoli. The alveoli are lined with a specialized type of tissue called the alveolar epithelium, which is made up of cells with thin, flattened shapes that allow for efficient gas exchange. The alveoli are also surrounded by a network of capillaries, which are small blood vessels that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the rest of the body.
In addition to the alveoli and capillaries, the lungs also contain a network of tubes called bronchi and bronchioles, which help to distribute air throughout the lungs. The walls of these tubes are made up of smooth muscle tissue, which allows them to expand and contract to regulate the flow of air.
Overall, the tissue types in the respiratory system are well-suited to their functions, providing the structural support and specialized features necessary for efficient gas exchange. This allows the respiratory system to perform its vital role in bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide.
Explanation:
Problem 7: In a translational reporter system, the gene of interest is left intact, and the reporter is fused to the end of the sequence. Which of the following is necessary to ensure the reporter expresses properly? O Removal of the stop codon in the gene of interest before the reporter sequence and the reporter gene must be in the same reading frame as the gene of interest. O A separate promoter for the reporter is required. O The reporter gene must be in the same reading frame as the gene of interest. O Removal of the stop codon in the gene of interest before the reporter sequence. None of these
The use of a translational reporter system is a powerful tool for studying gene expression, as it allows researchers to track the expression of a gene of interest without altering the gene itself. However, in order for the reporter to express properly, certain measures must be taken.
The most important requirement for successful expression of a reporter in a translational reporter system is that the gene of interest must have its stop codon removed before the reporter sequence is added. This ensures that the gene of interest and the reporter gene are both in the same reading frame, allowing the reporter to be expressed properly. Additionally, it is important that the reporter is not placed in a separate promoter, as this could lead to incorrect expression levels of the gene of interest.
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The diagram above depicts a karyotype of an individual human. Which of the following statements concerning the karyotype in the diagram is true? Select all that apply.
o The diagram indicates an individual with an extra sex chromosome
o The diagram illustrates a genetic condition found in females.
o The diagram illustrates the results of nondisjunction during gamete formation.
o The diagram indicates a mechanism for increasing genetic diversity in subsequent generations.
The statements about the karyotype in the diagram are correct, that the diagram depicts the effects of nondisjunction during gamete formation. Thus, option C is correct. Thus, option C is correct.
What is the Karyotype?Karyotype refers to the number and arrangement of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. It is depicted as a diagram, as shown above. There is no Down syndrome because the karyotype shows a normal pair of chromosomes 21.
There is an extra X-chromosome in this karyotype, indicating non-disjunction during either oogenesis or spermatogenesis (gamete formation) in the parents, resulting in the 23rd trisomy.
Therefore, option C is correct.
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the space in your chest needs to be able to get bigger so that our L_______ have space to expand in size so that we can b_________ in air
Answer:
The space in your chest needs to be able to get bigger so that our lungs have space to expand in size so that we can breathe in air.
hello, pa help po please huhu thank you!
Both, will lead to the collapse of the food chain, the only difference is the way in which the food chain collapses.
Q3: If algae is removed from the food chain, then the food chain will collapse, as population numbers dwindle for each group on the food chain from natural deaths, starvation, or being eaten.
Q4: If killer whales were removed from the food chain, then the seal population, which has no primary predator in the "chain", would become overpopulated, leading to over feeding of fishes, and a collapse of the food chain in multiple successions. (I.e., fish populations would dwindle and collapse, leading to a over population of shrimps, which would eat large amounts of the algae. Both the shrimp and seal population, when food is exhausted, would then collapse from lack of sustenance.
Of course, this is assuming that all things are linear and only looking at a food chain. Of course, in real life, there are very few "food chains", as most animals and plants can obtain nutrients from a number of sources, this being termed as a food web. In a food web, it shows most, if not all major sources of nutrients for the particular animal or plant (of course, typically only being limited by the page/paper that it is being placed on).
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what is the skeletopy, synotopy and holotopy of the lung?
The skeletopy of the lungs is defined as the study of the lungs with respect to the relation of the various bones of the body.
What is lungs?The lungs is the main organ of respiratory system of the body which is made up of the right and the left lungs and is located at the thoracic region of the body.
The lungs can be studied in various ways by the anatomist and with respect to its relationship with other structures of the body. These include the following:
Skeletopy of the lungs: This is defined as the the study of the lungs with respect to the relation of the various bones of the body.Holotopy of the lungs: This is defined as the study of the lungs in relation to other organs of the body.Synotopy of the lungs: This is defined as the study of lungs in relation to its various parts and structures.Learn more about lungs here:
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what do frog cells, cork cells, cheek cells, and onion cells have in common
the thin filament in skeletal muscle contains molecules. group of answer choices actin myosin troponin tropomyosin all of the choices are correct except for myosin
Mysoin. Muscle contraction is controlled by intracellular Ca2+ concentration in striated muscles, such as skeletal and cardiac muscles.
Mysoin Where the thick and thin filaments arrange themselves into a regular hexagonal lattice within each sarcomere, the contractile unit repeated along the length of the muscle cell4. Actin, tropomyosin (Tm), and troponin (Tn) are the components of the thin filament in a ratio of 7:1:1. Tn is made up of three subunits: troponin C (TnC), the Ca2+-binding regulatory subunit; troponin I (TnI), the inhibitory subunit; and troponin T (TnT), the Tm-binding subunit.
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Trace one drop of blood from the time it enters the right atrium until it enters the left atrium. What is this circuit called?
The circulation of blood from the right atrium till it reaches the left atrium it is called the pulmonary circulation.
The oxygen-deficient blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle. From there the pulmonary artery carries the blood to the lungs. There the blood is oxygenated and it is carried to the left atrium by the pulmonary vein.
The oxygen we breathe in reaches our lungs through pulmonary respiration. The carbon dioxide-rich blood reaches the lungs from the right ventricle and the lungs oxygenate the blood and remove carbon dioxide, which we breathe out.
So the process of oxygenation of blood from the right atrium and returning oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium is called pulmonary respiration.
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