Public sector auditing and assurance have some peculiarities that make them different from private sector auditing. One of these peculiarities is the fact that public sector entities have broader objectives and goals compared to private entities.
In addition, public sector entities are also accountable to the public, which means that their accountability issues are different from those of private entities. Some argue that the principles of auditing and assurance are the same regardless of the sector being audited. On the other hand, others believe that public sector auditing requires a different approach because of the peculiarities mentioned above.
One way to enhance the relevance of public sector auditing is through the adoption of the International Standards of Supreme Audit Institutions (ISSAI). Another way to enhance the relevance of public sector auditing is through the use of technology. The use of technology can help auditors to perform their work more efficiently and effectively.
While some argue that these peculiarities require a different regulatory framework, others believe that the principles of auditing and assurance are the same regardless of the sector being audited. Enhancing the relevance of public sector auditing requires greater collaboration between public sector entities and auditors and the adoption of appropriate standards and technology.
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Given the following parameters: Perfect Competition in Output Market Perfect Competition in Labour Market P is constant w is constant P = $100 W = $10 Q = L^0.5 Calculate the optimal amount of labour O a. 40 b. 10 O c. 25 O d. 20 e. 30
The optimal amount of labor is 20. In perfect competition, the optimal level of labor is determined by equating the marginal product of labor (MPL) to the wage rate (W).
Given the production function [tex]Q = L^0.5[/tex], the MPL is calculated as the derivative of the production function with respect to labor [tex](dQ/dL)[/tex].
Taking the derivative of Q with respect to L, we get [tex]MPL = 0.5 * L^(-0.5).[/tex]Setting MPL equal to the wage rate W, which is $10, we have [tex]0.5 * L^(-0.5[/tex]) = $10.
Solving this equation for L, we find L = 20. Therefore, the optimal amount of labor required to maximize output is 20.
This means that at the wage rate of $10 and the given production function, the firm should employ 20 units of labor to achieve the highest level of output. The other options (40, 10, 25, and 30) are not the optimal amounts of labor as they do not satisfy the condition of MPL equaling the wage rate.
Therefore, the correct option is (d) 20.
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According to Women’s Day magazine (Jan. 2007), 50% of married women would marry their current husbands again if given the chance. Consider the number x in a random sample of 12 married women who would marry their husbands again. Identify the discrete probability distribution that best models the distribution of x and provide its parameters. (2)
The United States Department of Agriculture reports that, under its standard inspection system one in every 100 slaughtered chickens passes inspection for faecal contamination. Find the probability that, in a random sample of 6 slaughtered chickens, at least one passes inspection for faecal inspection. (3)
Nite Time Inn has a toll-free telephone number so that customers can call at any time to make a reservation. A typical call takes about 4 minutes to complete, and the time required follows an exponential distribution. Find the probability (by hand and using MS Excel) that a call takes: (7)
3 minutes or less.
exceed 5 minutes.
Suppose that a construction project’s completion time has been deemed to follow a normal distribution. Moreover, it is observed that the expected completion time of the project is 40 weeks, and the variance is 9. (8)
What is the probability that the project will be finished in 46 weeks or less?
What is the probability that the project will take longer than 46 weeks?
The manager wishes to set the due date for the completion of the project so that there is a 90% chance of finishing on schedule. What should this due date be (in terms of weeks)?
Given the question:According to Women’s Day magazine (Jan. 2007), 50% of married women would marry their current husbands again if given the chance. Consider the number x in a random sample of 12 married women who would marry their husbands again. Identify the discrete ratio distribution that best models the distribution of x and provide its parameters. (20)
The discrete probability distribution that best models the distribution of x is a binomial distribution, whose parameters are as follows:n = 12 (since there are 12 married women in the sample)p = 0.5 (since 50% of married women would marry their current husbands again, p = 0.5)
Explanation:A binomial distribution is used to model the number of successes in a fixed number of independent trials with a constant probability of success on each trial. In this case, the "success" is a married woman who would marry her current husband again, and the probability of success is 0.5 (since 50% of married women would marry their current husbands again). Therefore, a binomial distribution is the appropriate model. The parameters of the binomial distribution are n (the number of trials) and p (the probability of success on each trial). In this case, n = 12 (since there are 12 married women in the sample) and p = 0.5 (since 50% of married women would marry their current husbands again).
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All of the following accounts are to be credited when a bond
investment is sold ahead of its maturity except
a. Interest income
b. Cash
c. Trading securities
When a bond investment is sold ahead of its maturity, all of the following accounts are to be credited except Trading securities.
The correct option is c. Trading securities.
The term bond investment refers to the process of investing money in bonds in order to gain a profit on the interest and principal payments that are made on them over time.
Trading securities are securities that are bought and held primarily for the purpose of selling them within a short period of time in order to take advantage of price changes. They are listed on the balance sheet as current assets and are valued at their fair market value.
Bonds are a type of fixed-income security that is similar to a loan, in which the investor loans money to a corporation or government entity for a predetermined amount of time at a fixed interest rate.
Hence, the answer is C.
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AT Deductible and VAT Received for Company C in a given tax period are as follows.
Month
VAT Deductible (TRY)
VAT Received (TRY)
VAT Tax Return (TRY)
April 2020
450.000
300.000
May 2020
300.000
100.000
June 2020
350.000
750.000
Required: a) Fill VAT tax return number on the table for each month. (5 points)
b) Close the VAT Accounts and make the journal entries at the end of April, May, June 2020. (5 points)
c) If it is necessary make journal entries for VAT payment to the tax offices on 26 May, 26 June, 26 July 2020. (5 points)
VAT tax return number on the table for each month and closing the VAT Accounts and the journal entries at the end of April, May, June 2020 and for VAT payment to the tax offices on 26 May, 26 June, 26 July 2020 are done below.
a) Fill VAT tax return number on the table for each month:
Month VAT Deductible (TRY) VAT Received (TRY) VAT Tax Return (TRY)
April 2020 450,000 300,000 150,000
May 2020 300,000 100,000 200,000
June 2020 350,000 750,000 -400,000
b) Close the VAT Accounts and make the journal entries at the end of April, May, June 2020:
End of April 2020:
VAT Deductible Account (balance) 450,000
VAT Received Account (balance) 300,000
VAT Tax Return Account (balance) -150,000
VAT Deductible Account 450,000
VAT Received Account 300,000
VAT Tax Return Account -150,000
End of May 2020:
VAT Deductible Account (balance) 300,000
VAT Received Account (balance) 100,000
VAT Tax Return Account (balance) 200,000
VAT Deductible Account 300,000
VAT Received Account 100,000
VAT Tax Return Account 200,000
End of June 2020:
VAT Deductible Account (balance) 350,000
VAT Received Account (balance) 750,000
VAT Tax Return Account (balance) -400,000
VAT Deductible Account 350,000
VAT Received Account 750,000
VAT Tax Return Account -400,000
c) Journal entries for VAT payment to the tax offices on 26 May, 26 June, 26 July 2020:
VAT Payment on 26 May 2020:
VAT Tax Return Account (balance) 200,000
Bank Account (payment amount) -200,000
VAT Tax Return Account -200,000
Bank Account 200,000
VAT Payment on 26 June 2020:
VAT Tax Return Account (balance) -400,000
Bank Account (payment amount) -400,000
VAT Tax Return Account -400,000
Bank Account 400,000
VAT Payment on 26 July 2020:
No journal entry is required as there is no VAT tax return amount to be paid to the tax office for July 2020.
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Westpac bank earns 5% on $4 billion of interest-earning assets. It has total liabilities of $2.5 billion, which on average costs 3%. If the bank has total equity of $2 billion, what is its Interest Rate Margin?
a.6.25% b.3.13% c.2.08% d.2.78%
2.Which of the following regulators is responsible for issuing the Australian financial services (AFS) licence?
a.Federal Treasury
b.The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA)
c.Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC)
d.The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA)
Answer : The correct answer is option c.
1. Calculation of Interest Rate Margin :
Interest rate margin is the difference between the interest rate a bank charges borrowers and the interest rate it pays depositors. It measures the profit a bank makes on its interest-earning assets.
It is calculated as follows:Interest Rate Margin = Interest rate on interest-earning assets - Interest rate on liabilities
Interest rate on interest-earning assets = 5%
Interest rate on liabilities = 3%
Equity = $2 billion
Total liabilities = $2.5 billion
Interest-earning assets = $4 billion
Therefore, Interest Rate Margin = 5% - 3% = 2%.The correct answer is option c.
2. Issuing of Australian Financial Services (AFS) licence :
The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) is the regulatory body that issues the Australian Financial Services (AFS) license.
It is the licensing, markets, and consumer protection regulator for Australia's financial system, responsible for enforcing laws and regulations governing Australian companies and financial markets. The correct answer is option c.
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Business Cycles – End of Chapter Problem a. Seasonally adjusted data are data adjusted for some seasons but not others. data adjusted for the weather. data stripped of predictable seasonal patterns. data from one season modified to represent another season.
Seasonally adjusted data are c) data stripped of predictable seasonal patterns.
Seasonally adjusted data are calculated by dividing time series data into several components. This procedure involves dissecting a time series into four different components using well-established statistical techniques: (1) the trend-cycle, (2) seasonal impacts, (3) additional calendar effects such as trading days and moving holidays, and (4) the irregular component.
The seasonally adjusted series is the original time series minus the estimated seasonal and calendar impacts, or the calculated combination of the trend-cycle and irregular components.
Seasonal adjustment is not always suitable or necessary. Seasonal adjustment is not required for a series that does not demonstrate a discernible seasonal trend or other calendar-based impacts.
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Correct question:
Seasonally adjusted data are
a) data adjusted for some seasons but not others.
b) data adjusted for the weather.
c) data stripped of predictable seasonal patterns.
d) data from one season modified to represent another season.
simone+plans+to+manage+the+business,+which+means+that+she+will+have+to+quit+her+current+job.+suppose+that+the+interest+rate+(or+rate+of+return)+on+investments+in+the+economy+is+5%
Ginny's marketing company needs to generate at least $1,000,000 in annual profit to cover the opportunity cost of quitting her current job and the required investment of $80,000.
To calculate the annual cost of running Ginny's marketing company, we need to add up the various expenses. The expenses include the rent for the office space, employee wages, and materials/utilities. We also need to consider the opportunity cost of Ginny quitting her current job.
Annual cost of running the business;
Rent: $60,000
Employee wages: $200,000
Materials and utilities: $7,000
Total annual cost = $60,000 + $200,000 + $7,000 = $267,000
Opportunity cost;
Ginny currently earns $50,000 per year in her current job. If she starts her own business, she will have to quit and forgo this income. Therefore, the opportunity cost is $50,000.
Total annual cost including opportunity cost;
Total annual cost = Annual cost of running the business + Opportunity cost
Total annual cost = $267,000 + $50,000 = $317,000
Now, to consider the interest rate of 5%, we can calculate the minimum amount of annual profit Ginny's business needs to generate to cover the opportunity cost;
Profit = Opportunity cost / Interest rate
Profit = $50,000 / 0.05 = $1,000,000
Therefore, Ginny's marketing company needs to generate at least $1,000,000.
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--The given question is incorrect, the correct question is
"Calculating costs Ginny is working for a marketing firm making $50,000 per year but considers starting her own marketing company. Ginny has determined that to launch the business, she needs to invest $80,000 of her own funds. The annual cost of running the business will include $60,000 for the rent of the office space, $200,000 for employee wages, and $7,000 for materials and utilities. Ginny plans to manage the business, which means that she will have to quit her current job. Suppose that the interest rate (or rate of return) on investments in the economy is 5%."--
Please provide clear explanation of every step in solution, outline formulas used in the exercise, if you handwriting, upload good quality pictures
Provide a detailed explanation using formulas and clear step-by-step instructions. Let's go through each subquestion again:
(1) Suppose R > 12. Find the Nash equilibrium of the game.
In this case, both investors will choose 'HOLD' because the central bank has enough foreign reserves to counter any attack. Therefore, the Nash equilibrium is A chooses 'HOLD' and B chooses 'HOLD'.(2) Suppose 4 < R < 6. Find the Nash equilibrium of the game.
In this case, the central bank has limited foreign reserves. If both investors choose 'HOLD', there is no successful attack. However, if one or both investors choose 'SELL', there is a possibility of a successful attack. As a result, the Nash equilibrium is A chooses 'SELL' and B chooses 'SELL'.(3) Suppose 6 < R < 12. Find the Nash equilibrium of the game.
Similar to the previous case, if both investors choose 'HOLD', there is no successful attack. However, if one or both investors choose 'SELL', there is a possibility of a successful attack. Therefore, the Nash equilibrium is A chooses 'HOLD' and B chooses 'SELL'.(4) Suppose R = 10. Find the critical value of FA such that there is no possibility of speculative attacks if FA > FA.
To determine the critical value of FA, we need to find the maximum payoff from choosing 'SELL' and set it lower than the payoff from choosing 'HOLD'. From the given payoff functions, the maximum payoff from choosing 'SELL' is R/2 - FA. Setting it lower than the payoff from choosing 'HOLD' (which is 0), we have R/2 - FA < 0. Solving for FA, we get FA > R/2. So, the critical value of FA is R/2.(5) Consider the case where investor A is a domestic investor, while investor B is a foreign investor. Suppose that the central authority can control the transaction cost FA on a domestic investor through appropriate regulations and taxation. Discuss policy implications about the result of subquestion (4).
In subquestion (4), we found that if FA > FA, there is no possibility of speculative attacks. This implies that the central authority can effectively prevent attacks by setting the transaction cost FA higher than the critical value. The policy implications include:
The central authority can stabilize the currency by controlling the transaction cost on domestic investors.Higher transaction costs can discourage investors from selling their home currency, reducing the likelihood of successful attacks and minimizing exchange rate volatility.The optimal level of transaction costs should be carefully determined to balance discouraging attacks and maintaining a well-functioning currency market.Regular assessment of foreign reserve levels is important to adjust transaction costs and ensure stability in the currency market.About InvestmentInvestment is a activity, either directly or indirectly, with the hope that in the future the owner of the capital will receive a number of benefits from the results of the investment.
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1. In the blanks below, mark the following statements as either TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). Capitalized cost refers to the present value of infinite service. 1, 2. It makes no difference in the final answer whether a rate of return equation is written in terms of P, A, or F 3. Public sector projects usually use lower interest rates than private sector projects. 4. Rate of return is defined as the rate of interest paid on the principal of a loan or investment. PW comparison is only one life cycle of each alternative. 5. 6. When comparing mutually exclusive projects by the ROR method, select all that have ROR 2 MARR (no incremental analysis is necessary). 7. The primary purpose of public sector is to provide services and profits for the private sector. B/C method used in public sector project evaluation B. 9. Engineers must maintain integrity and impartiality and always adhere to Code of Ethics. 10. Assets such lands are not depreciable.
It is true that land is typically considered a non-depreciable asset since its value does not typically decline over time.
FALSE (F): Capitalized cost refers to the present value of future costs, not infinite service.TRUE (T): The final answer will be the same regardless of whether the rate of return equation is written in terms of Present Value (P), Future Value (F), or Annuity (A).FALSE (F): Public sector projects may use different interest rates depending on various factors, but it is not necessarily lower than private sector projects.FALSE (F): Rate of return refers to the percentage return on an investment or project, not just the rate of interest paid on the principal.Not provided: There is no statement provided for number 5.Not provided: There is no statement provided for number 6.FALSE (F): The primary purpose of the public sector is not to provide profits for the private sector but rather to serve the public interest and provide essential services.Not provided: There is no statement provided for number 8.TRUE (T): Engineers are expected to maintain integrity, impartiality, and adhere to a Code of Ethics in their professional practice.TRUE (T): Land is typically considered a non-depreciable asset since its value does not typically decline over time.The correct question is:
Mark the following statements as either TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
1. Capitalized cost refers to the present value of infinite service.
2. It makes no difference in the final answer whether a rate of return equation is written in terms of P, A, or F.
3. Public sector projects usually use lower interest rates than private sector projects.
4. Rate of return is defined as the rate of interest paid on the principal of a loan or investment.
5. PW comparison is only one life cycle of each alternative.
6. When comparing mutually exclusive projects by the ROR method, select all that have ROR MARR (no incremental analysis is necessary).
7. The primary purpose of public sector is to provide services and profits for the private sector.
8. B/C method used in public sector project evaluation
9. Engineers must maintain integrity and impartiality and always adhere to Code of Ethics.
10. Assets such lands are not depreciable.
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in the preliminary investigation report, the ____ section contains the results of the preliminary investigation, including a description of the project’s scope, constraints, and feasibility.
In the preliminary investigation report, the findings section contains the results of the preliminary investigation, including a description of the project’s scope, constraints, and feasibility.
A preliminary investigation report is used to provide the sponsor with a comprehensive understanding of the proposed project's background, goals, and issues. It includes research, reports, and interviews with stakeholders. The findings section of the preliminary investigation report, which summarizes the results of the preliminary investigation, is critical.
The preliminary findings report's purpose is to inform the sponsor of the project's feasibility and whether or not it should be continued. The findings section is the preliminary investigation report's most important section. This is where all of the preliminary investigation's data is analyzed and processed. It includes a description of the project's scope, constraints, and feasibility.
It provides a comprehensive summary of the sponsor's needs and objectives. The report examines how the project will meet the sponsor's objectives while staying within the proposed constraints. A project's preliminary investigation is crucial since it sets the stage for the project's entire life cycle.
The project team will build the project plan and create the product or service based on the results of the preliminary investigation. The sponsor, project team, and stakeholders rely heavily on the preliminary investigation report's findings section to make decisions and create the project plan. Thus, the findings section of a preliminary investigation report is a critical aspect of the project management process.
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Strategic Initiatives and CSR Blue Skies Inc. is a retail gardening company that is piloting a new strategic initiative aimed at increasing gross profit. Currently, the company's gross profit is 21% of sales, and its target gross profit percentage is 26%. The company's current monthly sales revenue is $480,000. The new initiative being piloted is to produce goods in-house instead of buying them from wholesale suppliers. Its in-house production process has two procedures. The makeup of the costs of production for Procedure 1 is 40% direct labor, 45% direct materials, and 15% overhead. The makeup of the costs of production for Procedure 2 is 60% direct labor, 30% direct materials, and 10% overhead. Assume that Procedure 1 costs twice as much as Procedure 2.
Determine what the cost of labor, materials, and overhead for both Procedures 1 and 2 would need to be for the company to meet its target gross profit.
To meet its target gross profit of 26%, Blue Skies Inc. would need the cost of labor, materials, and overhead for Procedure 1 to be 25% and for Procedure 2 to be 12.5% of sales revenue.
What percentage of sales revenue should be allocated to labor, materials, and overhead costs for both Procedure 1 and Procedure 2 to achieve the target gross profit?Blue Skies Inc. can adjust its cost structure to meet the target
gross profit of 26%. By analyzing the makeup of costs for Procedure 1 and Procedure 2, we can determine the required percentages for labor, materials, and overhead.
To calculate the cost of Procedure 1, which is twice as expensive as Procedure 2, we assign 40% of sales revenue to labor, 45% to materials, and 15% to overhead. This yields a total cost of 100%.
For Procedure 2, we allocate 60% to labor, 30% to materials, and 10% to overhead, resulting in a total cost of 100%.
To meet the target gross profit of 26%, we adjust the cost percentages for Procedure 1 and Procedure 2. The new cost percentages for Procedure 1 should be 25% for labor, 30% for materials, and 10% for overhead. As for Procedure 2, the revised percentages should be 12.5% for labor, 12.5% for materials, and 1% for overhead.
By implementing these adjusted cost percentages, Blue Skies Inc. can work towards achieving its target gross profit while producing goods in-house.
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The following precedence network is used for assembling a product. You have been asked to achieve a daily output rate of 40 units. Assume one day is Bhours. All times in this network are in minutes. What is the desired takt time mini? 60 60 60 20 70 50 120 20 to 01
The desired takt time is 13.5 minutes.
Takt time is the available time divided by the required production rate. In this case, we are aiming for a daily output rate of 40 units. Since there are B hours in a day, we need to convert this to minutes by multiplying by 60. Therefore, the available time is B * 60 minutes.
To calculate the takt time, we divide the available time by the desired production rate:
Takt time = Available time / Desired production rate
Takt time = (B * 60) / 40
Takt time = 60B / 40
Takt time = 1.5B
Given that one day is B hours, we substitute B = 24 into the equation:
Takt time = 1.5 * 24
Takt time = 36 minutes
Therefore, the desired takt time is 36 minutes.
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The following selected financial data was extracted from the books of Puran Ltd, a company listed on the local stock exchange:
Total Liabilities $3,192,000
Common stock ($0.1 par value) - Authorized 4,000,000 shares; - Issued and outstanding, 3.500.000 shares valued at $350.000.
Retained earnings $241,000 excess of par $2,415,000 $3,006,000
Share price: January 3, 2019-$1.10;
December 31, 2019 - $0.86
2019 Partial Z-Score = X1+X2+x3+X5 -1.53.
Puran's Z-score
Select one:
a. puts them in the zone of Ignorance
b. makes them Immediately qualified for the loan
c. makes them not qualified for the loan
d. needs further data to complete its calculation
As a result, the answer to the question "Puran's Z-score" is "needs further data to complete its calculation."Hence, the correct answer is d. needs further data to complete its calculation.
The Z-score of a company is used to assess the health of the company and its likelihood of going bankrupt. It is calculated based on financial data such as profitability, leverage, liquidity, solvency, and efficiency. Z-scores above 2.99 indicate a healthy company, scores between 1.81 and 2.99 indicate a company in the gray area, and scores below 1.81 indicate a company that may be headed for bankruptcy.
Puran Ltd's 2019 partial Z-score is calculated as
X1+X2+x3+X5 -1.53.
The X4 is not used because the company is not private.
According to the question, X1 is profitability, X2 is leverage, X3 is liquidity, X5 is efficiency, and X4 is not used because the company is not private.
Unfortunately, the actual values of these variables are not provided, and hence we cannot calculate the company's complete Z-score or interpret the partial Z-score.
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Question #1 (40 Marks) ABC Company manufactures chairs for the retail market. The December budgeted amounts were to manufacture 28,000 chairs, at a variable cost of $60 per chair. The budgeted total f
ABC Company budgeted to manufacture 28,000 chairs at a variable cost of $60 per chair and a selling price of $120 per chair.
The actual sales were 25,500 chairs at a selling price of $125 per chair.
How to explain thisThe expenses that fluctuated with the production quantity totaled to $1,912,500 whereas the costs that remain static throughout the production cycle amounted to $525,000.
The company failed to reach its profit targets because of decreased sales and increased variable expenses. The fixed expenses of the company were less than the estimated amount, assisting in mitigating some of the financial setbacks.
Here are a few potential explanations for the decreased sales figures:
There is a possibility that the company miscalculated the level of demand for their chairs.
The company may have faced increased competition from other manufacturers.
The company may have raised its prices, which made its chairs less affordable to some customers.
Here are some of the possible reasons for the higher variable costs:The company may have used more expensive materials in its chairs.
The company may have had to pay higher wages to its employees.
The company may have had to pay more for shipping and other costs associated with the production and sale of its chairs.
The company should investigate the reasons for the lower sales volume and the higher variable costs in order to improve its profitability in the future.
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Question #1 (40 Marks) ABC Company manufactures chairs for the retail market. The December budgeted amounts were to manufacture 28,000 chairs, at a variable cost of $60 per chair. The budgeted total fixed costs were $575,000 and the budgeted selling price per chair was $120. The actual sales were 25,500 chairs that were sold for $125 each. The actual total variable costs were $1,912,500 and the actual fixed costs were $525,000.
What are the possible reasons for lower sales volume?
Question 5 Which of the following preference doesn't satisfy monotonicity? O Quasilinear preference O Perfect substitutes preference Bads O Cobb-Douglas Preference
The preference that does not satisfy monotonicity is the Cobb-Douglas preference. Monotonicity is a concept in economics that states that as the quantity of one good increases while holding the quantity of other goods constant, an individual's utility should also increase or remain unchanged. Hence option C) is correct.
The preference that does not satisfy monotonicity is the Cobb-Douglas preference. Monotonicity is a concept in economics that states that as the quantity of one good increases while holding the quantity of other goods constant, an individual's utility should also increase or remain unchanged. In other words, if a person receives more of a certain good, their preference should not decrease. Quasilinear preference and perfect substitutes preference Bads both satisfy monotonicity. Quasilinear preference means that one good is preferred while all others are perfect substitutes, and perfect substitutes preference Bads means that all goods are perfect substitutes for each other. However, Cobb-Douglas preference does not satisfy monotonicity. It is a type of utility function that involves the multiplication of goods raised to specific exponents. The exponents in the Cobb-Douglas utility function determine the relative importance of each good in the individual's preference. Due to the multiplicative nature of the function, an increase in the quantity of one good may not necessarily lead to an increase in utility if the exponent assigned to that good is less than 1. Consequently, Cobb-Douglas preference does not conform to the principle of monotonicity. Therefore option C) is correct.
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Note Complete question :
Question 5
Which of the following preference doesn't satisfy monotonicity?
A)Quasilinear preference
B)Perfect substitutes preference Bads
C)Cobb-Douglas Preference
The RBA has decided to increase the cash rate in may 2020 in response to the higher inflation in Australia. Illustrate the impact of an increase in the cash rate by the RBA on investment and output by using the appropriate diagrams
The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is the country's central bank and monetary authority. It is responsible for managing monetary policy, issuing banknotes, and supervising the payment system. The cash rate is the interest rate that commercial banks pay to borrow money from the RBA, and it is a key tool that the RBA uses to manage the economy.
In May 2020, the RBA increased the cash rate to address higher inflation in Australia. An increase in the cash rate has an impact on investment and output in the economy. Investment is the amount of money that firms spend on capital goods such as machinery, equipment, and buildings to produce goods and services. When the cash rate increases, it becomes more expensive for firms to borrow money from banks.
This increase in borrowing costs can discourage investment, as firms will be less likely to invest in new projects if they are more expensive to finance.An increase in the cash rate also affects output in the economy. Output is the total amount of goods and services produced in the economy. When the cash rate increases, it can cause a decrease in demand for goods and services. This is because higher borrowing costs can lead to higher interest rates for consumers, which can lead to a decrease in spending.
As a result, firms may produce fewer goods and services, leading to a decrease in output. To illustrate the impact of an increase in the cash rate on investment and output.
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an online company hired you as a project manager. you
quickly realize that they donot have a change management system. To
establish a new management system how would you approach it. please
As the newly hired project manager of an online company, your first task is to establish a change management system that will benefit the company and ensure the success of its projects. Below are some steps to approach it:1. Identify the Need: The first step in establishing a change management system is to identify the need for one.
As a project manager, you should look for areas in the company where a change management system is required.2. Plan the Implementation: Once you have identified the areas that need change management, you should start planning the implementation. The implementation plan should be based on the company's goals, the size of the company, and the resources available.3. Communicate the Plan: After planning the implementation, you should communicate the plan to the stakeholders, including management, employees, and other relevant parties.
4. Create Awareness: You should create awareness about the benefits of a change management system to the stakeholders. This will ensure that they are supportive of the system and will use it when required.5. Train Employees: You should train the employees on how to use the change management system.6. Review the System: After the implementation of the system, you should review it to ensure that it is working effectively. This includes analyzing its performance and seeking feedback from the stakeholders.
In conclusion, establishing a change management system requires proper planning, communication, and training. It is important to identify the areas that need change management and create awareness among stakeholders about its benefits. The success of the system depends on its implementation and review.
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mike is a cpa and earns $200,000 from his cpa practice in 2022. he also received $45,000 in dividend income. in addition, he incurred a loss of $45,000 from an investment in a passive activity acquired three years ago. what is mike's agi for 2022 after considering the $50,000 loss in the passive activity?$195,000$245,000$200,000$150,000
Mike's AGI for 2022 will be $245,000. Answer: $245,000.
Mike is a CPA and earns $200,000 from his CPA practice in 2022. He also received $45,000 in dividend income. In addition, he incurred a loss of $45,000 from an investment in a passive activity acquired three years ago. To find Mike's AGI for 2022 after considering the $50,000 loss in the passive activity, we need to calculate the passive activity loss deduction. We know that a passive activity is a business or trade in which a person does not actively participate. It may include rental properties, limited partnerships, and other activities where the person doesn't participate actively in the business. If the passive activity results in a loss, the taxpayer can deduct up to $25,000 of the loss from their ordinary income. However, the deduction begins to phase out when the taxpayer's AGI exceeds $100,000. The deduction is completely phased out when the AGI is $150,000 or more.
Since Mike has an AGI of $245,000 ($200,000 from his CPA practice and $45,000 in dividend income), he cannot take the passive activity loss deduction. Therefore, his AGI for 2022 will be $245,000. Answer: $245,000.
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It would be of immense help if you would respond by submitting to the Board of Baylor a report that incorporates ALG's formal banking advice: a) on Baylor's prevailing WACC, with supporting calculations and including the following computed items in your calculations: i. growth rate, g. 11. dividend yield. 111. cost of equity. iv. internal rate of return on the redeemable debentures. Pre-tax cost of debt. V. Post-tax cost of debt.
To provide general guidance on calculating the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), but please note that you should consult with a financial professional or refer to your company's financial statements for accurate and up-to-date information.
To calculate the WACC, you would typically follow these steps:
1. Determine the capital structure: Identify the proportion of equity and debt in Baylor's capital structure. This can be done by examining the company's financial statements or consulting with relevant stakeholders.
2. Calculate the cost of equity: The cost of equity represents the return expected by equity investors. It can be estimated using various methods, such as the dividend discount model (DDM) or the capital asset pricing model (CAPM).
3. Calculate the cost of debt: The cost of debt represents the interest rate paid on outstanding debt. It can be calculated by considering the pre-tax and post-tax cost of debt. The pre-tax cost of debt is the interest rate Baylor pays on its debt, while the post-tax cost of debt takes into account any tax benefits associated with interest expenses.
4. Determine the dividend yield: The dividend yield is the dividend per share divided by the stock price. It represents the return generated by dividends.
5. Calculate the growth rate: The growth rate reflects the expected rate at which Baylor's earnings or dividends are expected to grow over time. This can be estimated based on historical data, industry projections, or other relevant factors.
6. Calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) on the redeemable debentures: The IRR represents the rate of return that makes the present value of the debenture's cash flows equal to its initial investment. This can be calculated using financial modeling techniques.
Once you have calculated the above components, you can apply the WACC formula, which is typically expressed as:
WACC = (E/V) * Ke + (D/V) * Kd * (1 - Tc)Where:
E/V is the equity proportion in the capital structureKe is the cost of equityD/V is the debt proportion in the capital structureKd is the cost of debtTc is the corporate tax rateAbout AverageThe average is a number that represents a set of data. In statistics, mean, average, or mean has three related meanings: Arithmetic mean, the meaning most commonly known to the layman. Expected value of a random modifier. A measure of the centrality of a probability distribution.
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The government decides to increase its spending by $3 billion. Over time the real GDP increased by $12 billion. The expenditure multiplier is ________ 3.5.
-lower than
-equal to
-higher than
The expenditure multiplier is equal to 4. This means that for every $1 increase in government spending, the real GDP increases by $4, indicating a multiplier effect.
The expenditure multiplier measures the overall impact of a change in government spending on the economy. It represents the ratio of the change in real GDP to the initial change in government spending.
In this case, the government increased its spending by $3 billion, and as a result, the real GDP increased by $12 billion. To calculate the expenditure multiplier, we divide the change in real GDP by the change in government spending:
Expenditure multiplier = Change in real GDP / Change in government spending
Expenditure multiplier = $12 billion / $3 billion
Expenditure multiplier = 4
Therefore, the expenditure multiplier is equal to 4.
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Generally, the ________ value is more important than the __________ value of a given statistic since it is more contextual. Select the two responses below that correctly fill in the blanks. Select all that apply:
nominal; real
real; nominal
unadjusted; inflation-adjusted
inflation-adjusted; unadjusted
Generally, the inflation-adjusted value is more important than the unadjusted value of a given statistic since it is more contextual.
The inflation-adjusted value takes into account the effects of inflation, providing a more accurate representation of the purchasing power or economic impact of a statistic. It allows for meaningful comparisons across different time periods and adjusts for changes in the overall price level. In contrast, the unadjusted value does not consider inflation and may be misleading when comparing data from different time periods. Therefore, the inflation-adjusted value is considered more important as it provides a clearer understanding of the underlying trends and changes in economic or financial indicators.
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An investment bank agrees to underwrite an issue of 16 million shares of stock for Looney Landscaping Corp. a. The investment bank underwrites the stock on a firm commitment basis, and agrees to pay $10.00 per share to Looney Landscaping Corp. for the 16 million shares of stock. The investment bank then sells those shares to the public for $11.50 per share. How much money does Looney Landscaping Corp. receive? What is the profit to the investment bank? If the investment bank can sell the shares for only $8.75, how much money does Looney Landscaping Corp. receive? What is the profit to the investment bank?
the Looney Landscaping Corp. receives $160,000,000 from the stock sales.
The total profit for the investment bank would be 16,000,000 x $1.50= $24,000,000.
Looney Landscaping Corp. would receive 16,000,000 x $8.75= $140,000,000 if the investment bank can sell the shares for only $8.75.
The loss of the investment bank would be 16,000,000 x ($10.00-$8.75)= $20,000,000.
When the investment bank sells the shares to the public for $11.50 per share:
Looney Landscaping Corp. receives: 16 million shares x $10.00 per share = $160 million
Profit to the investment bank: (16 million shares x ($11.50 - $10.00) per share) = $24 million
When the investment bank sells the shares for only $8.75 per share:
Looney Landscaping Corp. receives: No additional money is received in this scenario. The agreement was for the investment bank to pay $10.00 per share to Looney Landscaping Corp. regardless of the price at which they sell the shares to the public.
Profit to the investment bank: (16 million shares x ($8.75 - $10.00) per share) = -$20 million
In this case, the investment bank would incur a loss of $20 million because they are selling the shares for a lower price than what they agreed to pay to Looney Landscaping Corp.
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1. Differentiate between an acceptance and a counteroffer. Create your OWN EXAMPLE/ SCENARIO to show the difference. (3 marks) 2. Describe TWO (2) situations where an offer will be terminated. (2 marks) 3. See the poster below. Based on the law of contract, answer the following questions: a. Is the poster an offer or an invitation to treat? Explain your answer. (3 marks) b. Who would be entitled to claim the RM1,000 reward? (2 marks) LOST Kelana Jaya, Selangor RM 1,000 Reward
An acceptance is the complete and unconditional agreement of an offer. A counteroffer is a response to an offer that adjusts or changes some of its terms. It is essentially a counter-proposal to the original offer
An offer can be terminated in the following situations:
Revocation - the offeror can revoke or withdraw the offer at any time before it is accepted.Rejection - the offeree can reject the offer.Lapse of time - if the offer has a specified time limit and that time passes without acceptance, the offer terminates.Counteroffer - a counteroffer terminates the original offer and creates a new one.Death or insanity - if the offeror or offeree dies or becomes insane, the offer is automatically terminated.An invitation to treat is an invitation to make an offer. It is not an offer itself. The poster does not contain any of the essential elements of an offer, such as an intention to create legal relations or a definite promise to do something.
The person who finds and returns the lost item would be entitled to claim the RM1,000 reward. This is because the poster creates an offer of a reward for the return of the lost item. The offer is addressed to anyone who finds the item, and the reward is payable to the person who fulfills the condition of returning it.
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Your firm has $ 100,000 in fixed costs. The price of your product is $ 35. The per unit variable costs are $ 5. Your break even level of sales is__________
a. 3,334
b. 2,857
c. 20,000
d. 100,000
e. not enough information
Given, Fixed costs= $100,000 Price of the product= $35Variable cost per unit= $5We need to calculate break even level of sales. The formula for break-even point in sales is given by Break even point in sales = Total fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit Contribution margin per unit is given by Contribution margin per unit = Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit= $35 - $5= $30
Now, substituting the values in the formula for break even level of sales we get Break even point in sales = Total fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit= $100,000 / $30= 3333.33 units Therefore, the break even level of sales is 3,334. (a)More than 100 words solution Break-even point (BEP) in economics refers to the level of sales or unit production that allows a company to break even with zero net income.
Fixed costs, variable costs, and price per unit are the three critical components in determining the break-even point of a product. In the given question, we have to calculate the break even level of sales. Given, Fixed costs= $100,000Price of the product= $35Variable cost per unit= $5Now, we can calculate the contribution margin per unit. Contribution margin is the difference between the selling price and the variable cost of the product. Contribution margin per unit = Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit= $35 - $5= $30Using the formula of break-even point in sales Break even point in sales = Total fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit= $100,000 / $30= 3333.33 units Therefore, the break even level of sales is 3,334. Hence, the correct option is (a).
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the administrator has created new users for ten new employees at northern trail outfitters. why are these users unable to access the account object in the salesforce or?
The users are unable to access the account object in the Salesforce because they are not assigned the required permission. The administrator has created new users for ten new employees at Northern Trail Outfitters.
The access to the account object depends on the settings of the profile. A profile defines the objects that a user can access, the fields of those objects, the types of records that a user can see and edit, and the Visualforce pages, Apex classes, and other customization that a user can access.The administrator may have created the new users and assigned them a standard profile that does not provide them access to the Account object.
The access to the account object should be granted to the users by assigning a custom profile to the new users or updating their existing profile. The profile should have the required permissions to access the Account object. In Salesforce, the access to any object can be controlled by using permission sets. Permission sets are used to grant additional permissions to the users. Permission sets can be created and assigned to the users. A permission set provides additional permissions to a user that are not available in the user’s profile. So, the administrator can create a permission set to grant access to the Account object to the new users.
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Labor Demand Data Total Labor Supply Data Product Employment Product Price Employment Wage Rate. 0 0 $2.20 0 1 15 2.00 $7.00 2 28 1.80 8.00 3 39 1.60 9.00 4 48 1.40 10.00 5 55 1.20 11.00 A 6 60 1.00 6
An increase in employment wage rate leads to an increase in labor supply, and an increase in product price leads to a decrease in labor supply.
The chart shows the Labor Supply and Labor Demand schedule. It indicates that the labor demand at a different wage level for a particular product is inversely proportional to its wage rate while labor supply is directly proportional to the wage rate.The initial wage rate for the product is $2.20.
At this wage level, the supply of labor is zero while the demand is also zero. When the wage rate rises to $7, the number of employees hired is 15, and the product price remains $2.
The demand for labor increases when the wage rate falls. As the wage rate falls to $1.20, the product price rises to $11, and the demand for labor increases to 55.
Besides, an increase in product employment leads to an increase in labor demand, and an increase in the wage rate leads to a decrease in labor demand. An increase in employment wage rate leads to an increase in labor supply, and an increase in product price leads to a decrease in labor supply.
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The current potato price is $50/ton. If quantity demanded is at 220 million tons, how much must prices change before the market is in equilibrium? Market for Potatoes $200 75 240 $180
The prices must decrease by $10/ton for the market to reach equilibrium.
In order for the market to reach equilibrium, where quantity demanded equals quantity supplied, the prices need to adjust accordingly. Currently, the price of potatoes is $50/ton, and the quantity demanded is 220 million tons. To determine the price change required for equilibrium, we need to analyze the market conditions.
If the quantity demanded is higher than the quantity supplied, it indicates a shortage in the market. In this case, the market is not in equilibrium, and prices need to decrease to encourage more suppliers to enter the market and increase the quantity supplied.
To calculate the required price change, we need to compare the quantity demanded with the quantity supplied at the given price of $50/ton. Unfortunately, the information provided is incomplete, as the quantities supplied at different prices are missing. Without this data, we cannot accurately determine the exact price change required for equilibrium.
However, based on the given information, we can conclude that the prices must decrease to some extent. If the market currently has a quantity demanded of 220 million tons but is not in equilibrium, we can infer that the current price of $50/ton is too high. Therefore, a decrease in price is necessary to encourage more suppliers and bring the market into equilibrium.
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Which of the following would be an adjusting entry that you might make at the end of every month using the Journal Entry window?
A Deposits
B Depreciation
C Vendor payments
D Automatic payments
The adjusting entry that you might make at the end of every month using the Journal Entry window is "B Depreciation. The company's financial statements accurately reflect the depreciation expense for that month, and the asset's value is correctly calculated.
"What is Depreciation? Depreciation is an accounting approach that refers to the allocation of a tangible or fixed asset's cost over its useful life. It's a process that helps businesses account for the wear and tear and obsolescence of their assets over time. Adjusting entries are a necessary part of the accounting process that helps to update balances in accounts to comply with accounting principles and show the correct financial position of the company.
A company may need to create an adjusting entry at the end of the month to make sure the company's financial statements are accurate and up-to-date. There are several different adjusting entries that a company may make at the end of each month using the Journal Entry window, but Depreciation is one of the most common. This adjusting entry helps to ensure that the company's financial statements accurately reflect the depreciation expense for that month and that the asset's value is correctly calculated.
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How to do the following Questions?
1) Provide any 4 characteristics of a perfect competitive firm?
2) What are the short-run profits for a perfect competitive firm?
3) What is the supply curve of the above firm? Explain.
4) Identify the long-run profit for the same firm and describe how it is achieved.
5) Is perfect competitive structure efficient? Why or why not?
Characteristics of a perfect competitive firm are: Large number of buyers and sellers: This feature signifies the existence of a large number of buyers and sellers in the market who can sell or buy the same product as another vendor or buyer, with no market power.
No entry barriers: Firms can freely enter and exit the market in the long run, with no obstacles in place.Easy availability of information: All consumers and producers have access to complete market information that includes the current market price, quality of goods, or any other information relevant to the product.Homogeneous products: The products sold in a perfectly competitive market are undifferentiated or homogeneous.2) In the short run, a perfectly competitive firm's profit is earned when the price exceeds its average total cost, including fixed costs. If the firm's total revenue exceeds its total variable costs, the firm will still produce in the short run.3) In a perfectly competitive market, the supply curve of the firm is its short-run marginal cost curve above the minimum point of the average variable cost curve.
4) A perfectly competitive firm earns zero long-run profits, as entry and exit lead to an equilibrium of supply and demand that drives the price to the lowest level at which firms' average total costs are covered. In the long run, the firm's supply curve will intersect its average cost curve at its lowest point.
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Complete the following by calculating the cash discount and net amount paid: (If more than one discount, assume date of last discount.) Date of Gross amount of invoice (freight charge already included
The cash discount is $26.00 and the net amount paid is $624.00.
To calculate the cash discount and net amount paid, we need to consider the terms of the invoice and the date of payment. The terms of the invoice state "4/10, 2/15, n/30." This means that if the payment is made within 10 days, a 4% discount can be applied. If the payment is made within 15 days, a 2% discount can be applied. Otherwise, the full amount is due within 30 days.
The date of payment is given as 8/15. Since this falls within the 10-day period, the 4% cash discount can be applied.
To calculate the cash discount, we multiply the gross amount of the invoice ($650) by the discount rate (4% or 0.04):
Cash discount = $650 * 0.04 = $26.00
The net amount paid is the gross amount minus the cash discount:
Net amount paid = $650 - $26.00 = $624.00
Therefore, the cash discount is $26.00, with a net payment of $624.00.
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