In general, judges are required to follow the precedents established by other judges in their jurisdictions who have rendered similar decisions. But a judge is not always required to decide in the same way that other judges have.
Why do judges adhere to stare decisis?According to the stare decisis theory, following precedent is the best course of action because it encourages the fair, predictable, and consistent development of legal principles, encourages reliance on court decisions, and supports the actual and perceived integrity of the judicial process.
During King Henry II's rule in England in the twelfth century, the stare decisis theory first appeared. Henry commanded that English "common law" be categorized based on national traditions. Judges now have the power to use earlier verdicts as precedent for more recent ones, thanks to this reform. As a result, numerous regional traditions were incorporated and stabilized into a single efficient legal system.
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Worthington Machining must decide whether to purchase Process A with specialized metal folding equipment needing two employees to operate it or Process B with general purpose folding equipment requiring five employees. Process A requires a fixed cost of $1,430,000 and a variable cost of $14.32 per metal panel. Process B requires a fixed cost of $820,000 and a variable cost of $20.05. Process A is more automated than Process B. What is the break-even quantity between these two processes
Answer:
The indifference point is 106,457 units.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Process A:
Fixed cost= $1,430,000
Variable cost= $14.32 per metal panel.
Process B:
Fixed cost= $820,000
Variable cost= $20.05 per metal panel.
To calculate the indifference point between two processes, first, we need to formulate the total cost equation for each process:
Process A:
Total cost= 1,430,000 + 14.32*x
Process B:
Total cost= 820,000 + 20.05*x
x= number of units
Now, we need to equal both formulas and isolate x:
1,430,000 + 14.32x = 820,000 + 20.05x
610,000 = 5.73x
x= 106,457
The indifference point is 106,457 units.
Roy DeSoto earns a regular hourly salary of $24.00. He is paid time-and-a-half for all hours in excess of 40 in the week. For the week ended March 8, 20X1, he worked a total of 60 hours. His gross wages year to date, prior to his March 8, paycheck, are $12,160. Social Security Tax is 6.2% on a maximum of $132,900 of gross wages per year, Medicare Tax is 1.45%, federal unemployment tax is 0.6% and state unemployment tax is 4.2%, both on a maximum of $7,000 of gross wages per year. What is the employer's payroll tax expense for Roy for the week ended March 8, 20X1
Park Co.'s wholly-owned subsidiary, Schnell Corp., maintains its accounting records in German marks. Because all of Schnell's branch offices are in Switzerland, its functional currency is the Swiss franc. Remeasurement of Schnell's 20X1 financial statements resulted in a $7,600 gain, and translation of its financial statements resulted in an $8,100 gain. What amount should Park report as a foreign exchange gain in its income statement for the year ended December 31, 20X1
Answer: $7600
Explanation:
The amount that Park should report as a foreign exchange gain in its income statement for the year ended December 31, 20X1 will be $7600.
We should note that when we want to determine the net income for a particular period, the translatation adjustments will not be included. Therefore the $8100 gain won't be included in the calculation. Hence, Park should report only $7600 gain.
True or false? Content marketing is a relatively new practice that became popular in the 1950’s with the boom of advertising firms.
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Classify each of the following based on the macroeconomic definitions of saving and investment.
Saving Investment
Edison purchases a certificate of deposit at his bank.
Maria purchases stock in NanoSpeck, a biotech firm.
Hilary purchases new ovens for her cupcake-baking business.
Kevin takes out a loan and uses it to build a new cabin in Montana.
Answer: See explanation
Explanation:
Savings is the income that's not spent by an economic agent. Savings relates to banking.
Investment is when capital goods are bought in order to produce further goods.
Based on the definition above, then the following are classified below:
a. Edison purchases a certificate of deposit at his bank = Savings
b. Maria purchases stock in NanoSpeck, a biotech firm. = Savings
This is savings as it wasn't a capital good that was bought.
c. Hilary purchases new ovens for her cupcake-baking business. = Investment
This is an investment as she purchases a capital good what will be used for her business.
d. Kevin takes out a loan and uses it to build a new cabin in Montana = Investment
This is an investment as the money isn't saved but rather invested for productive use.
Your restaurant revenue is $710,000, expenses total $890,000, and your total invest is $3 million what is your return investment?
Answer:
Return on investment = -6%
Explanation:
Given:
Gross revenue of restaurant = $710,000
Total expenses of restaurant = $890,000
Total investment = $3,000,000
Find:
Return on investment
Computation:
Net profit = $710,000 - $890,000
⇒ Net profit = -$180,000
Return on investment = [Net profit / Total investment]100
⇒ Return on investment = [-180,000 / 3,000,000]100
⇒ Return on investment = [-0.06]100
Return on investment = -6%
Pina Company has the following two temporary differences between its income tax expense and income taxes payable.
2020 2021 2022
Pretax financial income $864,000 $917,000 $909,000
Excess depreciation expense on tax return (30,400) (38,500) (9,800 )
Excess warranty expense in financial income 19,400 10,100 8,300
Taxable income $853,000 $888,600 $907,500
The income tax rate for all years is 20%.
a. Assuming there were no temporary differences prior to 2017, prepare the journal entry to record income tax expense, deferred income taxes, and income taxes payable for 2017, 2018, and 2019.
b. Indicate how deferred taxes will be reported on the 2019 balance sheet. Martinezâs product warranty is for 12 months.
c. Prepare the income tax expense section of the income statement for 2019, beginning with the line "Pretax financial income."
Answer:
multiply ur answer by 0.2 if you want to solve for the income tax rate
Explanation:
Bulluck Corporation makes a product with the following standard costs: Standard Quantity or Hours Standard Price or Rate Direct materials 4.90 grams $ 2.40 per gram Direct labor 0.90 hours $ 25.00 per hour Variable overhead 0.90 hours $ 3.40 per hour The company reported the following results concerning this product in July. Actual output 4,400 units Raw materials used in production 12,770 grams Actual direct labor-hours 3,800 hours Purchases of raw materials 13,500 grams Actual price of raw materials purchased $ 2.60 per gram Actual direct labor rate $ 12.80 per hour Actual variable overhead rate $ 3.50 per hour The company applies variable overhead on the basis of direct labor-hours. The direct materials purchases variance is computed when the materials are purchased. The variable overhead efficiency variance for July is: Multiple Choice $560 U $544 U $560 F $544 F
Answer:
Variable overhead efficiency variance= $544 favorable
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Variable overhead 0.90 hours $ 3.40 per hour
Actual output 4,400 units
Actual direct labor-hours 3,800 hours
To calculate the variable overhead efficiency variance, we need to use the following formula:
Variable overhead efficiency variance= (Standard Quantity - Actual Quantity)*Standard rate
Variable overhead efficiency variance= (3,960 - 3,800)*3.4
Variable overhead efficiency variance= $544 favorable
Standard quantity= 4,400*0.9= 3,960
Prepare a corrected trial balance by changing incorrect amounts and placing each amount in the proper column.
Davenport's European Tours Trial Balance October 31, 20--
Account Title Debit Credit
Cash 15,560
Accounts Receivable 406
Supplies 246
Prepaid Insurance 589
Equipment 24,450
Accounts Payable 6,012
Davenport, Capital 30,500
Davenport, Drawing 1,800
Repair Fees 9,274
Wages Expense 4,250
Rent Expense 1,300
Advertising Expense 290
Utilities Expense 495
47,586 47,586
Tomorrow Publications collects magazine subscriptions from customers at the time subscriptions are sold. Subscription revenue is recognized over the term of the subscription. Tomorrow Publications collected $20 million in subscription sales during its first year of operations. At December 31, the average subscription was one-fourth expired. When Tomorrow Publications collects the subscriptions from customers, which of the following account will be credited?
a. Subscriptions Expense.
b. Unearned Subscriptions Revenue.
c. None of the other three answers is correct.
d. Cash
Answer:
b. Unearned Subscriptions Revenue.
Explanation:
In the case when the tomorrow publications wants to collect the subscriptions from customers so the following journal entry to be recorded
Cash Dr $20
To Unearned Subscriptions Revenue $20
(Being collection is recorded)
Here cash is debited as it increased the assets and credited the Unearned Subscriptions Revenue as it also increased the liabilities
Therefore the option b is correct
Mccabe Corporation uses the weighted-average method in its process costing. The following data pertain to its Assembly Department for September. Percent Complete Units Materials Conversion Work in process, September 1 1,200 55 % 10 % Units started into production during September 8,600 Units completed during September and transferred to the next department 7,700 Work in process, September 30 2,100 75 % 25 % Required: Compute the equivalent units of production for both materials and conversion costs for the Assembly Department for September using the weighted-average method.
Answer and Explanation:
The computation of the equivalent units of production for both materials and conversion costs is given below:
For material
= Units completed + ending work in process × completion percentage
= 7,700 + 2,100 × 0.75
= 9,275 units
And, for conversion cost
= Units completed + ending work in process × completion percentage
= 7,700 + 2,100 × 0.25
= 8,225 units
On April 1, 2020, Wildhorse Company assigns $539,700 of its accounts receivable to the Third National Bank as collateral for a $304,400 loan due July 1, 2020. The assignment agreement calls for Wildhorse to continue to collect the receivables. Third National Bank assesses a finance charge of 3% of the accounts receivable, and interest on the loan is 10% (a realistic rate of interest for a note of this type).
Required:
a. Prepare the journal entry for Rasheed's collection of $350,000 of the accounts receivable during the period from April 1, 2014, through June 20, 2020.
b. On July 1, 2020, Rasheed paid Third National all that was due from the loan it secured on April 1, 2020. Prepare the journal entry to record this payment.
Answer:
A. Dr Cash $350,000
Cr Accounts receivable $350,000
B. Dr Notes payable $304,400
Dr Interest expense $7,610
Cr Cash $312,010
Explanation:
A.Preparation of the journal entry for Rasheed's collection of $350,000 of the accounts receivable
Dr Cash $350,000
Cr Accounts receivable $350,000
(To record collection of accounts receivable )
B. Preparation of the journal entry to record the payment.
Dr Notes payable $304,400
Dr Interest expense $7,610
(10%*$304,400*3/12)
Cr Cash $312,010
($304,400+$7,610)
(To record payment)
Teecorp Company provides the following ABC costing information: Activities Total Costs Activity-cost drivers Labor $320,000 8,000 hours Gas $36,000 6,000 gallons Invoices $40,000 2,500 invoices Total costs $396,000 The above activities used by their three departments are: Lawn Department Bush Department Plowing Department Labor 2,500 hours 1,200 hours 4,300 hours Gas 1,700 gallons 800 gallons 3,500 gallons Invoices 1,600 invoices 400 invoices 500 invoices How much of the labor cost will be assigned to the Bush Department
Answer:
7000,000
Explanation:
Deleon Inc. is preparing its annual budgets for the year ending December 31, 2020. Accounting assistants furnish the data shown below. Product JB 50 Product JB 60 Sales budget: Anticipated volume in units401,100202,100 Unit selling price$23$27 Production budget: Desired ending finished goods units26,10019,800 Beginning finished goods units31,80014,200 Direct materials budget: Direct materials per unit (pounds)22 Desired ending direct materials pounds33,80018,000 Beginning direct materials pounds41,00014,400 Cost per pound$3$3 Direct labor budget: Direct labor time per unit0.40.6 Direct labor rate per hour$12$12 Budgeted income statement: Total unit cost$12$22 An accounting assistant has prepared the detailed manufacturing overhead budget and the selling and administrative expense budget. The latter shows selling expenses of $662,000 for product JB 50 and $363,000 for product JB 60, and administrative expenses of $544,000 for product JB 50 and $343,000 for product JB 60. Interest expense is $150,000 (not allocated to products). Income taxes are expected to be 30%.
1. Prepare the sales budget for the year. DELEON INC. Sales Budget JB 50 JB 60 Total A It
2. Prepare the production budget for the year. DELEON INC. Production Budget JB 50 JB 60
3. Prepare the direct materials budget for the year. DELEON INC. Direct Materials Budget JB 50 JB 60 Total ta A LA ta
4. Prepare the direct labor budget for the year. (Round Direct labor time per unit answers to 1 decimal place, e.g. 52.5.) DELEON INC. Direct Labor Budget JB 50 JB 60 Total " | " DELEON INC. Budgeted Income Statement JB 50 JB 60 Total
Answer:
Deleon Inc.
Product JB 50 Product JB 60 Total
1. Sales budget:
Anticipated volume in units 401,100 202,100 603,200
Unit selling price $23 $27
Sales value $9,225,300 $5,456,700 $14,682,000
2. Production budget:
Desired ending finished goods units 26,100 19,800 45,900
Anticipated sales volume in units 401,100 202,100 603,200
Units available for sale 427,200 221,900 649,100
Beginning finished goods units 31,800 14,200 46,000
Production units required 395,400 207,700 603,100
3. Direct materials budget:
Direct materials per unit (pounds) 2 2
Production materials needs (pounds) 790,800 415,400 1,206,200
Desired ending direct materials pounds 33,800 18,000 51,800
Total materials available 824,600 433,400 1,258,000
Beginning direct materials pounds 41,000 14,400 55,400
Purchases of materials 783,600 419,000 1,202,600
Cost per pound $3 $3
Cost purchases of materials $2,350,800 $1,257,000 $3,607,800
4. Direct labor budget:
Direct labor time per unit 0.4 0.6
Direct labor rate per hour $12 $12
Direct labor cost per unit $4.8 $7.2
Production units required 395,400 207,700
Total direct labor cost $1,897,920 $1,496,440 $3,394,360
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Product JB 50 Product JB 60 Total
Sales budget:
Anticipated volume in units 401,100 202,100 603,200
Unit selling price $23 $27
Sales value $9,225,300 $5,456,700 $14,682,000
Production budget:
Desired ending finished goods units 26,100 19,800 45,900
Anticipated sales volume in units 401,100 202,100 603,200
Units available for sale 427,200 221,900 649,100
Beginning finished goods units 31,800 14,200 46,000
Production units required 395,400 207,700 603,100
Direct materials budget:
Direct materials per unit (pounds) 2 2
Production materials needs (pounds) 790,800 415,400 1,206,200
Desired ending direct materials pounds 33,800 18,000 51,800
Total materials available 824,600 433,400 1,258,000
Beginning direct materials pounds 41,000 14,400 55,400
Purchases of materials 783,600 419,000 1,202,600
Cost per pound $3 $3
Cost purchases of materials $2,350,800 $1,257,000 $3,607,800
Direct labor budget:
Direct labor time per unit 0.4 0.6
Direct labor rate per hour $12 $12
Direct labor cost per unit $4.8 $7.2
Production units required 395,400 207,700
Total direct labor cost $1,897,920 $1,496,440 $3,394,360
Non-relevant data (since income statement is not required)
Selling and Administrative Expense Budget:
Product JB 50 Product JB 60
Selling Expenses $662,000 $363,000
Administrative expenses $544,000 $343,000
Interest expense is $150,000 (not allocated to products).
Income taxes are expected to be 30%.
A speculator purchases a put option for a premium of $4, with an exercise price of $30. The stock is presently priced at $29, and rises to $32 before the expiration date. What is the maximum profit per unit to the speculator who owned the put option assuming he or she exercises the option at the ideal time
Answer: - $3
Explanation:
We should note that the holder of a put will gain when the share price is below the exercise price.
Since the gain with regards to the question is ($30 - $29) = $1 and the premium paid is 4, then the maximum profit per unit will be:
= Gain - Premium paid
= $1 - $4
= -$3.
McGill and Smyth have capital balances on January 1 of $50,000 and $40,000 respectively . The partnership income sharing agreements provides for (1) annual salaries of $22,000 for Mcgill and $13,000 for Smyth (2) interest at 10% on beginning capital balances and (3) remaining income or loss to be shared 60% by McGill and 40% by Smyth .
(a) Prepare a schedule showing the distribution of net income assuming net income is
(1) $50,000 and
(2) $ 36,000
(b) Journalize the allocation of net income in each of the situation above .
Answer:
(a-1) Remaining income (loss) = $6,000
(a-2) Remaining income (loss) = –$8,000
(b) See (b-1) and (b-2) below for the journal entries.
Explanation:
(a-1) Prepare a schedule showing the distribution of net income assuming net income is $50,000.
Note: See part a-1 of the attached excel file for the schedule showing the distribution of net income.
In the attached excel file, the following is used:
Remaining income (loss) = Net income - Total annual salaries and interest on capital = $50,000 - $44,000 = $6,000
(a-2) Prepare a schedule showing the distribution of net income assuming net income is $36,000.
Note: See part a-2 of the attached excel file for the schedule showing the distribution of net income.
In the attached excel file, the following is used:
Remaining income (loss) = Net income - Total annual salaries and interest on capital = $36,000 - $44,000 = –$8,000
(b-1) Journalize the allocation of net income assuming net income is $50,000
The journal entries will look as follows:
Account Titles and Explanation Debit ($) Credit ($)
Income Summary 50,000
McGill Capital 30,600
Smyth Capital 19,400
(To record allocation of net income.)
(b-2) Journalize the allocation of net income assuming net income is $36,000
The journal entries will look as follows:
Account Titles and Explanation Debit ($) Credit ($)
Income Summary 36,000
McGill Capital 22,200
Smyth Capital 13,800
(To record allocation of net income.)
n an arm's length channel system where the supplier/steward exerts little direct control over channel intermediaries, the channel steward may have to resort to performing value-adding activities itself, such as TV advertising, consumer promotions, and so on, so that even before the consumer enters the store, she or he is looking only for the supplier's brand. Which promotional strategy does this discussion describe
Answer:
Pull marketing.
Explanation:
Pull marketing has the central objective of promoting products or services to make the customer come to you. For this purpose, various advertising channels are used, such as TV broadcasting, promotions, social media ads, etc., in order to promote a brand and thus attract consumers.
In this marketing strategy, the company seeks customer loyalty through targeting the brand, whose advertising will have great incentives to purchase the product when declaring its central benefits and how they can add to the consumer's life.
Pina Colada Corp. just began business and made the following four inventory purchases in June: June 1 171 units $1026 June 10 228 units 1596 June 15 228 units 1824 June 28 171 units 1539 $5985 A physical count of merchandise inventory on June 30 reveals that there are 228 units on hand. Using the FIFO inventory method, the amount allocated to ending inventory for June is $1995. $2052. $1369. $1425.
Answer:
$1,995
Explanation:
Using the FIFO inventory method, the amount allocated to ending inventory in June would be ;
= $1,539 + [($1,824 ÷ 228) × (228 - 171)]
= $1,539 + ($8) × (57)
= $1,539 + $456
= $1,995
Therefore, the amount allocated to June ending inventory, using FIFO inventory method is $1,995
Trainees are put through a two-month school. The fixed cost of running one session of this school is $150,000. Any number of sessions can be run during the year but must be scheduled so that the airline always has enough flight attendants. The cost of having excess attendants is simply the salary that they receive, which is $15,000 per month. How many sessions of the school
Answer:
The airline training school can run maximum of 10 sessions.
Explanation:
There can be 10 sessions which can be held at the training school. The airline school needs to have enough attendants so that they do not run a session in spare capacity. If a session is run with few attendants then it will cost $15,000 per session which is an additional cost burden for the airline training school.
If an adjusting entry is not made for an accrued expense,
a. expenses will be overstated,
b. liabilities will be understated.
c. net income will be understated.
d. equity will be understated.
Answer:
c. net income will be understated.
Suppose the initial inflation rate and inflation target are both 2%, that the real federal funds rate is 2%, and that the economy is at the full employment level of output. According the Taylor Rule, the federal funds target should be . Suppose now that the inflation rate changes to 6%. The Taylor Rule now prescribes that the federal funds target should be
Answer:
a. 4%
b. 10%
Explanation:
1. Federal funds target = Real Federal funds rate + Inflation rate + 1/2( inflation gap) + 1/2(output gap)
Inflation gap = Current inflation - inflation target = 2% - 2% = 0
Economy is at full employment so output gap is 0.
= 2% + 2% + 1/2(0) + 1/2 (0)
= 4%
2. Federal funds target = Real Federal funds rate + Inflation rate + 1/2( inflation gap) + 1/2(output gap)
= 2% + 6% + 1/2(6% - 2%) + 1/2(0)
= 10%
Rooney Corporation is considering the elimination of one of its segments. The segment incurs the following fixed costs. If the segment is eliminated, the building it uses will be sold. Advertising expense $ 81,000 Supervisory salaries 170,000 Allocation of companywide facility-level costs 65,000 Original cost of building 118,000 Book value of building 62,000 Market value of building 84,000 Maintenance costs on equipment 73,000 Real estate taxes on building 12,000 Required Determine the amount of avoidable cost associated with the segment.
Answer: $420000
Explanation:
The amount of avoidable cost associated with the segment will be calculated thus:
Advertising expense = $81000
Add: Supervisory sales = $170000
Add: Market value of the building = $84000
Add: Maintenance costs on equipment = $73000
Add: Real estate taxes on the building = $12000
Avoidable cost = $420000
At year-end, Yates Company estimates that $1,500 of its accounts receivable balance is uncollectible. Yates uses the allowance method to account for bad debts. The entry to record this adjusting entry would include a: Multiple choice question. debit to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and credit to Bad Debts Expense debit to Accounts Receivable and credit to Bad Debts Expense debit to Bad Debts Expense and credit to Accounts Receivable debit to Bad Debts Expense and credit to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Answer:
debit to Bad Debts Expense and credit to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Explanation:
The journal entry needed to record the adjusting entry by using the allowance method is given below:
Bad debt expense
To Allowance for doubtful debts
(Being bad debt expense is recorded)
Here the bad debt expense is debited as it increased the expense and credit the allowance as it decreased the assets
The Landrum Company provides the following standard cost data per unit of product: Variable overhead $ 8.00 Landrum anticipated that they would produce and sell 24,000 units. During the period, the company produced and sold 25,000 units, incurring $210,000 of variable overhead costs. The variable overhead flexible budget variance was: Multiple Choice $8,000 unfavorable. $8,000 favorable. $10,000 unfavorable.
Answer:
variable overhead flexible budget= $10,000 unfavorable
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Variable overhead $ 8.00
The company produced and sold 25,000 units
Incurred $210,000 of variable overhead costs.
To calculate the variable overhead flexible budget, we need to use the following formula:
variable overhead flexible budget= actual amount - variable overhead per unit*actual units
variable overhead flexible budget= 210,000 - (8*25,000)
variable overhead flexible budget= $10,000 unfavorable
TB MC Qu. 13-81 (Algo) A customer has requested that ABC Corporation... A customer has requested that ABC Corporation fill a special order for 2,800 units of product S47 for $32 a unit. While the product would be modified slightly for the special order, product S47's normal unit product cost is $17.70: Direct materials $ 5.20 Direct labor 3.00 Variable manufacturing overhead 2.30 Fixed manufacturing overhead 7.20 Unit product cost $ 17.70 Assume that direct labor is a variable cost. The special order would have no effect on the company's total fixed manufacturing overhead costs. The customer would like modifications made to product S47 that would increase the variable costs by $1.30 per unit and that would require an investment of $16,000.00 in special molds that would have no salvage value. This special order would have no effect on the company's other sales. The company has ample spare capacity for producing the special order. The annual financial advantage (disadvantage) for the company as a result of accepting this special order should be:
Answer:
Financial advantage $40,560
Explanation:
A special order request is financially worthy if the sales revenue from the special order is over and above the relevant cost of producing it.
The relevant variable cost will be determined as follows
Unit variable cost =5.20+ 3 +2.30+ 1.30= 11.8
Special machine= 16,000
$
Sales from special order (2,800× $32) = 89,600
Variable cost ( 2800 × $11.8)= (30,000 ) (33,040)
Investment in special machine (16,000)
Financial advantage 40,560
Note that the fixed manufacturing overheads were not included in the analysis, simply because they are not relevant. In other words, whether or not the special order is accepted these fixed costs would be concurred either way.
Financial advantage $40,560
Tolbotics Inc. is considering a three-year project that will require an initial investment of $44,000. If market demand is strong, Tolbotics Inc. thinks that the project will generate cash flows of $29,500 per year. However, if market demand is weak, the company believes that the project will generate cash flows of only $2,000 per year. The company thinks that there is a 50% chance that demand will be strong and a 50% chance that demand will be weak.
If the company uses a project cost of capital of 14%, what will be the expected net present value (NPV) of this project if the company is ignoring the timing option?
a. -$3,435
b. -$3,779
c. -$3,092
d. -$3,607
Answer:
Expected value NPV =$-,7434
Explanation:
The Expected Net present value (NPV) is the difference between the Present value (PV) of Expected value cash inflows and the PV of cash outflows. A positive NPV implies a good and profitable investment project and a negative figure implies the opposite.
Expected value NPV = PV of expected value cash inflow - PV of cash outflow
Present value of cash inflow:
The expected cash in flows is the sum of the cash inflows multiplied by their respective probabilities. For Tolbotics it is calculated as follows:
Expected cash inflows=m (29,500× 0.5) + (2,000× 0.5)=15,750
NPV = 15,750× (1-1.14^(-3)/0.14) - 44,000=-7434.
Expected value NPV =$-7,434
You are given the following information. The current dollar/euro exchange rate is 1.25 dollars per euro. A U.S. basket that costs $100 would cost 64 euro in the euro area. For the next year, the Fed is predicted to keep U.S. inflation at 3% and the ECB is predicted to keep euro area inflation at 1%. The speed of convergence to absolute PPP is 15% per year.
a. What is the current U.S. real exchange rate, with the euro area?
b. How much is the dollar overvalued/undervalued?
c. What do you predict the U.S. real exchange rate with the euro will be a year from now?
d. What is the expected rate of real depreciation for the United States (versus the euro)?
e. What is the expected U.S. minus euro area inflation differential for the coming year?
f. What is the expected rate of nominal depreciation for the United States (versus the euro)?
Answer:
a) 1.562
b) ( overvalued by 56.2% )
c) 1.477
d ) -5.3% ( appreciation of dollar vs euro )
e) 2%
f) -5.1% ( appreciation of dollar vs euro )
Explanation:
Given that : $1.25 = 1 euro
Inflation rate next year in U.S = 3%
Inflation rate next year in euro area = 1%
U.S basket that cost $100 cost 64 euro in the euro area
a) Determine the current U.S real exchange rate with the euro area
= $100 / $64 = 1.562
b) The dollar is overvalued because the given exchange rate is lower than the real exchange rate
= ( 1.562 - 1 ) * 100% = 56.2% ( overvalued by 56.2% )
c) prediction of the U.S real exchange rate with euro in a year's time
given that the speed of convergence to absolute PPP = 15% pear year ( i.e. exchange rate will be adjusted by 15% each year )
assume prices do not change in each economy
Today's real exchange rate = 1.562 ∴ an adjustment of 0.562 is needed( decrease )
and 15% of the adjustment = ( 15/100 ) * 0.562 = 0.084
hence the real exchange rate in a year's time = 1.562 - 0.084 = 1.477
d) Determine the expected rate of real depreciation for the U.S vs Euro
= - 0.084 / 1.562 = -0.053 = -5.3% ( appreciation of dollar vs euro )
e) Determine The expected inflation differential
= 3% - 1% = 2%
f) determine the rate of nominal depreciation for the U.S vs Euro
inflation rate differential = 2%
real exchange rate = 1.47 therefore change required = ( 15% * 0.47 ) = 0.075
hence the rate of nominal depreciation = - 0.075 / 1.47 = -0.051 = -5.1% ( appreciation of dollar vs euro )
rede Company budgeted selling expenses of $30,600 in January, $34,500 in February, and $40,500 in March. Actual selling expenses were $31,700 in January, $34,080 in February, and $48,400 in March. The company considers any difference that is less than 5% of the budgeted amount to be immaterial. Prepare a selling expense report that compares budgeted and actual amounts by month and for the year to date.
Answer:
JANUARY
By month
$1,100 Unfavorable
Year-to-date
$1,100 Unfavorable
FEBRUARY
By month
$420 Favorable
Year-to-date
$680 Unfavorable
MARCH
By month
$7,900 Unfavorable
Year-to-date
$8,580 Unfavorable
Explanation:
Preparation of a selling expense report that compares budgeted and actual amounts by month and for the year to date
SELLING EXPENSE REPORT
JANUARY
By month
Budget Actual Difference
$30,600 -$31,700 =$1,100 Unfavorable
Year-to-date
Budget Actual Difference
$30,600-$31,700=$1,100 Unfavorable
FEBRUARY
By month
Budget Actual Difference
$34,500-$34,080=$420 Favorable
Year-to-date
Budget Actual Difference
$65,100-$65,780=$680 Unfavorable
($30,600+$34,500=$65,100)
($31,700+$34,080=$65,780)
MARCH
By month
Budget Actual Difference
$40,500-$48,400=$7,900 Unfavorable
Year-to-date
Budget Actual Difference
$105,600-$114,180=$8,580 Unfavorable
($65,100+$40,500=$105,600)
($65,780+$48,400=$114,180)
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Answer:
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Why is a bank more likely to offer you credit if you have a co-singer with good credit?
Answer:
They can see that you have had a good credit record and they will be more likely to offer you credit.
:)
Explanation: