Water enters a centrifugal pump axially at atmospheric pressure at a rate of 0.12 m3
/s and at a
velocity of 7 m/s, and leaves in the normal direction along the pump casing, as shown in Figure.
Determine the force acting on the shaft (which is
also the force acting on the bearing of the shaft) in
the axial direction.

Answer:

Updated question

The big ben clock tower in London has clocks on all four sides. If each clock has a minute hand that is 11.5 feet in length, how far does the tip of each hand travel in 52 minutes?

The distance traveled by the tip of the minute hand of the clock would be 62.59 ft

Explanation:

Let us assume the shape of the clock is circular.

the minute hand is equal to the radius = 11.5 ft

Diameter = radius x 2

Diameter = 11.5 x 2 = 23 ft

The distance traveled by the tip of the minute hand can be calculated thus;

the fraction of the circumference traveled by the minute hand would be;

52/60 = 0.8667

Circumference of the clock would be;

C = pi x d

where C is the circumference

pi is a constant

d is the diameter

C = 3.14 x 23

C = 72.22 ft

Therefore the fraction of the circumference covered by the minute hand would be;

72.22 ft x 0.8667 = 62.59 ft

Therefore the distance traveled by the tip of the minute hand of the clock would be 62.59 ft

Answer:

Method B is the more efficient way of heating the water.

Explanation:

Method B is more efficient because by placing a heating element in the water as in described in method B, the heat that is lost to the surroundings is minimized which implies that more heat is supplied directly to the water. Therefore, more heating is achieved with a lesser amount of electrical energy input. Whereas placing the pan on a range means more heat losses to the surrounding and as such it will take a longer time for the water to heat up and also take more electrical energy.

Answer:

The RPM to increase the recovery rate of the cells to 95% at the same flow rate is 6,333.3 RPM.

Explanation:

If the tubular centrifuge rotates at about 4,000 revolutions per minute to recover 60% of the cells, in case of wanting to recover 95% of the cells, the following calculation must be carried out to determine the required number of revolutions per minute:

60 = 4,000

95 = X

((95 x 4,000) / 60)) = X

(380,000 / 60) = X

6,333.3 = X

Therefore, as the calculation emerges, the tubular centrifuge will need to rotate at about 6,333.3 revolutions per minute to recover 95% of the cells in the same time.

Answer:

[tex]10.8\ \text{lb/ft^2}[/tex]

[tex]101.96\ \text{lb/ft}^2[/tex]

Explanation:

[tex]v_1[/tex] = Velocity of car = 65 mph = [tex]65\times \dfrac{5280}{3600}=95.33\ \text{ft/s}[/tex]

[tex]\rho[/tex] = Density of air = [tex]0.00237\ \text{slug/ft}^3[/tex]

[tex]v_2=0[/tex]

[tex]P_1=0[/tex]

[tex]h_1=h_2[/tex]

From Bernoulli's law we have

[tex]P_1+\dfrac{1}{2}\rho v_1^2+h_1=P_2+\dfrac{1}{2}\rho v_2^2+h_2\\\Rightarrow P_2=\dfrac{1}{2}\rho v_1^2\\\Rightarrow P_2=\dfrac{1}{2}\times 0.00237\times 95.33^2\\\Rightarrow P_2=10.8\ \text{lb/ft^2}[/tex]

The maximum pressure on the girl's hand is [tex]10.8\ \text{lb/ft^2}[/tex]

Now [tex]v_1[/tex] = 200 mph = [tex]200\times \dfrac{5280}{3600}=293.33\ \text{ft/s}[/tex]

[tex]P_2=\dfrac{1}{2}\rho v_1^2\\\Rightarrow P_2=\dfrac{1}{2}\times 0.00237\times 293.33^2\\\Rightarrow P_2=101.96\ \text{lb/ft}^2[/tex]

The maximum pressure on the girl's hand is [tex]101.96\ \text{lb/ft}^2[/tex]

Answer:

mountain ranges may be

Answer:

K = 96 and the design speed of the curve = 50mph

Explanation:

109+00 = 10900

Elevation = 950ft

110+77 = 11077

Elevation = 947.34ft

Station of low point = 110+50 = 11050

To get grade of curve

Gi = 947.34-950/11077-10900

= -2.66/177

= -0.015x100

= -1.5%

Locate of low point (XL)

= 11050-10900

= 150

To get the value of K

XL = |GL| x K

When we substitute values

150 = 1.5 x K

150 = 1.5K

K = 150/1.5

K = 100

The suitable and most nearest value is K = 96

Then we use the standard chart to get the design speed for K = 96

On this chart, the design speed for the curve = 50mph

Therefore K = 96 and speed = 50mph

dutile is the correct answer

Answer:

commercial freezing

Explanation:

smaller ice crystals are formed this causes less damage to cell membranes so the quality is less effected

Answer:

A tax is a monetary payment without the right to individual consideration, which a public law imposes on all taxable persons - including both natural and legal persons - in order to generate income. This means that taxes are public-law levies that everyone must pay to cover general financial needs who meet the criteria of tax liability, whereby the generation of income should at least be an auxiliary purpose. Taxes are usually the main source of income of a modern state. Due to the financial implications for all citizens and the complex tax legislation, taxes and other charges are an ongoing political and social issue.

I dont know I asked this to

Explanation:

Answer:

C. The meter will display a negative sign.

Explanation:

If you use an analog voltmeter and you measure voltage with reverse polarity you will damage it. But in this case we are using a digital multimeter. This kind of multimeter is designed to be able to deal with positive and negative voltages

Answer:

0.75 kg

Explanation:

c = Damping coefficient = 3 kg/s

x = Displacement of spring = 0.5 m

F = Force = 1.5 N

From Hooke's law we get

[tex]F=kx\\\Rightarrow k=\dfrac{F}{x}\\\Rightarrow k=\dfrac{1.5}{0.5}\\\Rightarrow k=3\ \text{N/m}[/tex]

In the case of critical damping we have the relation

[tex]c^2-4mk=0\\\Rightarrow m=\dfrac{c^2}{4k}\\\Rightarrow m=\dfrac{3^2}{4\times 3}\\\Rightarrow m=0.75\ \text{kg}[/tex]

Mass that would produce critical damping is 0.75 kg.

0.75 kg is the mass that would produce critical damping. As spring with an m-kg mass and a damping constant 3 (kg/s) can be held stretched 0.5 meters beyond its natural length by a force of 1.5 newtons.

A change in time and position is referred to as an object's velocity. When there is no movement of the object, the velocity of the object is said to be 0.

For any body in planar motion, the velocity is always instantaneously 0 at some point in the plane of motion (if it were rigidly connected to the body). This place is known as the instantaneous center of zero velocity, or IC.

Example: The gravitational pull of the earth pushes the ball away from the thrower when a ball is thrown upwards on Earth at a constant speed. The speed of the ball increases until it reaches its maximum, at which point it starts to plummet.

Thus, it is 0.75 kg.

For more information about zero velocity, click here:

https://brainly.com/question/18634403

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Solution :

Sieve Size (in)                   Weight retain(g)

3                                         1.62

2                                         2.17

[tex]$1\frac{1}{2}$[/tex]                                       3.62

[tex]$\frac{3}{4}$[/tex]                                        2.27

[tex]$\frac{3}{8}$[/tex]                                        1.38

PAN                                    0.21

Given :

Sieve       weight       % wt. retain    % cumulative       % finer

size        retained                               wt. retain

No. 4        59.5            10.225%          10.225%            89.775%

No. 8        86.5            14.865%          25.090%           74.91%

No. 16       138              23.7154%        48.8054%         51.2%

No. 30      127.8           21.91%              70.7154%          29.2850%

No. 50      97               16.6695%         87.3849%         12.62%

No. 100     66.8            11.4796%         98.92%              1.08%

Pan            6.3               1.08%              100%                   0%

                581.9 gram

Effective size = percentage finer 10% ([tex]$$D_{20}[/tex])

0.149 mm, N 100, % finer 1.08

0.297, N 50 , % finer 12.62%

x  ,   10%

[tex]$y-1.08 = \frac{12.62 - 1.08}{0.297 - 0.149}(x-0.149)$[/tex]

[tex]$(10-1.08) \times \frac{0.297 - 0.149}{12.62 - 1.08}+ 0.149=x$[/tex]

x = 0.2634 mm

Effective size, [tex]$D_{10} = 0.2643 \ mm$[/tex]

Now, N 16 (1.19 mm)  ,  51.2%

N 8 (2.38 mm)  ,  74.91%

x,  60%

[tex]$60-51.2 = \frac{74.91-51.2}{2.38-1.19}(x-1.19)$[/tex]

x = 1.6317 mm

[tex]$\therefore D_{60} = 1.6317 \ mm$[/tex]

Uniformity co-efficient = [tex]$\frac{D_{60}}{D_{10}}$[/tex]

   [tex]$Cu= \frac{1.6317}{0.2643}$[/tex]

Cu = 6.17

Now, fineness modulus = [tex]$\frac{\Sigma \text{\ cumulative retain on all sieve }}{100}$[/tex]

[tex]$=\frac{\Sigma (10.225+25.09+48.8054+70.7165+87.39+98.92+100)}{100}$[/tex]

= 4.41

which lies between No. 4  and No. 5 sieve [4.76 to 4.00]

So, fineness modulus = 4.38 mm

Answer:

D. Both "Materials" and "Packaging"

Explanation:

Product liability may refer to the manufacturer or the seller being held responsible or liable for providing any defective product into the hands of the consumer or the customer. Responsibility or liability for a defective product which causes injuries lies with all the sellers of the product from the manufacturer to the distributor to the seller.

There are majorly three product defects. They are :

1. Manufacturing defect

2. Design defect

3. Marketing defect

Answer:

P1+1/2pv2/1+pgh1=P2+1/2pv2/2+pgh2

Answer:

Computer programming is where you learn and see how computers work. People do this for a living as a job, if you get really good at it you will soon be able to program/ create a computer.

Explanation:

Hope dis helps! :)

Answer:

Hello the needed data given is not properly arranged attached below is the properly arranged data

Answer:

b) 62.5 * 10^3 MPa

c) ≈ 285 MPa

d)  370Mpa

e)  16%

Explanation:

Given Data:

cylindrical aluminum diameter = 12.8 mm

Gauge length = 50.8 mm

A) plot of engineering stress vs engineering strain

attached below

B ) calculate Modulus of elasticity

Modulus of elasticity = Δб / Δ ε

                                   = ( 200 - 0 ) / (0.0032 - 0 ) = 62.5 * 10^3 MPa

C) Determine the yield strength

at strain offset = 0.002

hence yield strength ≈ 285 MPa

D) Determine tensile strength of the alloy

The tensile strength can be approximated at 370Mpa because that is where it corresponds to the maximum stress on the stress  vs strain ( complete plot )

E) Determine approximate ductility in percent elongation

ductility in percent elongation = plastic strain at fracture * 100

total strain = 0.165 , plastic strain = 0.16

therefore Ductility in percent elongation = 0.16 * 100 = 16%

Answer:

a) The stresses due to bending moments is much more than the stresses from transverse shear.

c) The deformations due to bending moments is much more than the deformations from transverse shear.

Explanation:

Strain in an object suspended is a function of the stress which the suspended body passed through. The stress which is the function of the force experienced by the body over a given area helps is straining the moment. This lead to the strain energy from bending moment being greater than the strain energy from a transverse shear force.

Answer: the mass flux of pollutant through the tube due to advection is 0.0283 mg/cm².s

Explanation:

Given that;

Diameter of tube = 3 cm, radius r = 1.5 cm

water flow is 100 cm³/s

pollutant concentration = 2 mg/L

first we find the rate of flow of pollutant

we know that

1 L = 1000 cm³

xL = 100 cm³

100Lcm³ = xL1000cm³

xL = 100/1000

xL = 1/10 L

so 100cm³ = 1/10 L

now pollutant concentration in 100 cm³ = 1/10L × 2mg/L = 0.2 mg

Rate of flow of pollutant = 0.2 mg/s

Mass flux density is the pollutant mass per unit time per unit area

so Area of tube = πr² = 3.14 × 1.5² = 7.065 cm²

So

Mass flux = 0.2 / 7.065

Mass flux = 0.0283 mg/cm².s

Therefore, the mass flux of pollutant through the tube due to advection is 0.0283 mg/cm².s

Answer:

-9.5° C

Explanation:

See attachment for calculations.

On the concluding parts, from the attachment, we have that

√[(297000 * 4)/(1056)] = 297 - T(l), and solving further, we get

297 - T(l) = √(1188000/1056)

297 - T(l) = √1125

297 - T(l) = 33.5

T(l) = 297 - 33.5

T(l) = 263.5

When you convert back to °C, we have

263.5 - 273 = -9.5° C

Answer:

For 31 P NMR spectra

low temperature

there is two types of 19f seen in low temperature and they are

therefore in low temperature the 31p couples with the two types of 19F seen ( [tex]b_{f} and c_{f}[/tex]to form a triplet and this couples more with [tex]a_{f}[/tex] to form a doublet. i.e. one (1) peak

High temperature

At High temperature The exchange is fast here therefore the 31p spectra sees all 19p at once and in the same environment leading to the formation of one (1) peak

For 19 P NMR spectra

low temperature

In low temperature [tex]a_{f}, b_{f} , c_{f}[/tex] is fixed  and the environment where [tex]b_{f} and c _{f}[/tex] is the same hence a peak is formed and another peak is formed by [tex]a_{f}[/tex] that makes the number of peaks = 2 peaks

High temperature

In high temperature [tex]a_{f}, b_{f} , c_{f}[/tex]  exchange very fast therefore one peak is formed for all, since the fast exchanges makes NMR machine to take an average and produce just one peak for all

Explanation:

For 31 P NMR spectra

low temperature

there is two types of 19f seen in low temperature and they are

therefore in low temperature the 31p couples with the two types of 19F seen ( [tex]b_{f} and c_{f}[/tex]to form a triplet and this couples more with [tex]a_{f}[/tex] to form a doublet. i.e. one (1) peak

High temperature

At High temperature The exchange is fast here therefore the 31p spectra sees all 19p at once and in the same environment leading to the formation of one (1) peak

For 19 P NMR spectra

low temperature

In low temperature [tex]a_{f}, b_{f} , c_{f}[/tex] is fixed  and the environment where [tex]b_{f} and c _{f}[/tex] is the same hence a peak is formed and another peak is formed by [tex]a_{f}[/tex] that makes the number of peaks = 2 peaks

High temperature

In high temperature [tex]a_{f}, b_{f} , c_{f}[/tex]  exchange very fast therefore one peak is formed for all, since the fast exchanges makes NMR machine to take an average and produce just one peak for all

Answer:

Yes, they can all be present in the same malware because each of them perform slightly differing functions.

Explanation:

Backdoor is a software which when placed into your computer will permit hackers to easily gain reentry into your computer. This can happen even after you have already patched the flaw that they have used to hack your system before.

A bot is a program that does the same task in a continuous manner akin to when you use a blender by pressing the button to blend what you have put into it.

A keylogger is a part of a hidden software that monitors and records everything you type on your computer keyboard after which it writes it onto a file, with the hopes of capturing relevant information such as your bank account number and even passwords and other sensitive means of identification.

A Spyware is somehow similar to a keylogger just that it steals information from your computer and sends it to someone else.

A root kit is a bad software that is capable of modifying the operating system or other privileged access devices in order to gain continuous access into your system for the purpose of gathering of information and/or reducing the system’s functionality.

Yes, they can all be present in the same malware because each of them perform slightly differing functions.

Answer:

a. 4[tex]\mu m[/tex]

b. 1 m

Explanation:

According to the question, the data is as follows

The Density of water at 20 degrees celcius is 1000 kg/m^3

Viscosity is 0.001kg/m/.s

Velocity V = 25 cm/s

V = 0.25 m/s

Now

a. The creeping motion is

As we know that

Reynold Number = (Density of water × V × d) ÷ (Viscosity)

1 = (1,000 × 0.25 × d) ÷ 0.0001

d = (1 × 0.001) ÷ (1,000 × 0.25)

= 4E - 06^m

= 4[tex]\mu m[/tex]

b. Now the sphere diameter is

Reynold Number = (Density of water × V × d) ÷ (Viscosity)

250,000 = (1,000 × 0.25 × d) ÷ 0.0001

d = (250,000 × 0.001) ÷ (1,000 × 0.25)

= 1 m

Answer:

The total mass in the tank = 0.45524  kg

The amount of heat transferred = 3426.33 kJ

Explanation:

Given that:

The volume of the tank V = 0.06 m³

The pressure of the liquid and the vapor of H2O (p) = 15 bar

The initial quality of the mixture [tex]\mathbf{x_{initial} - 0.20}[/tex]

By applying the energy rate balance equation;

[tex]\dfrac{dU}{dt} = Q_{CV} - m_eh_e[/tex]

where;

[tex]m_e =- \dfrac{dm_{CV}}{dt}[/tex]

Thus, [tex]\dfrac{dU}{dt} =Q_{CV} + \dfrac{dm_{CV}}{dt}h_e[/tex]

If we integrate both sides; we have:

[tex]\Delta u_{CV} = Q_{CV} + h _e \int \limits ^2_1 \ dm_{CV}[/tex]

[tex]m_2u_2 - m_1 u_1 = Q_{CV} + h_e (M_2-m_1) \ \ \ --- (1)[/tex]

We obtain the following data from the saturated water pressure tables, at p = 15 bar.

Since:

[tex]h_e =h_g[/tex]

Then: [tex]h_g = h_e = 2792.2 \ kJ/kg[/tex]

[tex]v_f = 1.1539 \times 10^{-3} \ m^3 /kg[/tex]

[tex]v_g = 0.1318 \ m^3/kg[/tex]

Hence;

[tex]v_1 = v_f + x_{initial} ( v_g-v_f)[/tex]

[tex]v_1 = 1.1529 \times 10^{-3} + 0.2 ( 0.1318-1.159\times 10^{-3} )[/tex]

[tex]v_1 = 0.02728 \ m^3/kg[/tex]

Similarly; we obtained the data for [tex]u_f \ \& \ u_g[/tex] from water pressure tables at p = 15 bar

[tex]u_f = 843.16 \ kJ/kg\\\\ u_g = 2594.5 \ kJ/kg[/tex]

Hence;

[tex]u_1 = u_f + x_{initial } (u_g -u_f)[/tex]

[tex]u_1 =843.16 + 0.2 (2594.5 -843.16)[/tex]

[tex]u_1 = 1193.428[/tex]

However; the initial mass [tex]m_1[/tex] can be calculated by using the formula:

[tex]m_1 = \dfrac{V}{v_1}[/tex]

[tex]m_1 = \dfrac{0.06}{0.02728}[/tex]

[tex]m_1 = 2.1994 \ kg[/tex]

From the question, given that the final quality; [tex]x_2 = 1[/tex]

[tex]v_2 = v_f + x_{final } (v_g - v_f)[/tex]

[tex]v_2 = 1.1539 \times 10^{-3} + 1(0.1318 -1.1539 \times 10^{-3})[/tex]

[tex]v_2 = 0.1318 \ m^3/kg[/tex]

Also;

[tex]u_2 = u_f + x_{final} (u_g - u_f)[/tex]

[tex]u_2 = 843.16 + 1 (2594.5 - 843.16)[/tex]

[tex]u_2 = 2594.5 \ kJ/kg[/tex]

Then the final mass can be calculated by using the formula:

[tex]m_2 = \dfrac{V}{v_2}[/tex]

[tex]m_2 = \dfrac{0.06}{0.1318}[/tex]

[tex]m_2 = 0.45524 \ kg[/tex]

Thus; the total mass in the tank = 0.45524  kg

FInally; from the previous equation (1) above:

[tex]m_2u_2 - m_1 u_1 = Q_{CV} + h_e (M_2-m_1) \ \ \ --- (1)[/tex]

[tex]Q = (m_2u_2-m_1u_1) - h_e(m_2-m_1)[/tex]

Q = [(0.45524)(2594.5) -(2.1994)(1193.428)-(2792.2)(0.45524-2.1994)]

Q = [ 1181.12018 - 2624.825543 - (2792.2)(-1.74416 )]

Q = 3426.33 kJ

Thus, the amount of heat transferred = 3426.33 kJ

Answer:

a) Real Power (kW) = 1.5 kW

b) Reactive Power (kvar) is 1.1663 KVAR

c) Apparent Power (kVA) is 1.9 KVA

d) the Power Factor cos∅ is 0.7894

e) the impedance Z in polar and rectangular form is 76 ∠ 37.87° Ω

Explanation:

Given that;

V = 380v

i = 5A

P = 1500 W

determine;

a) Real Power (kW)

P = 1500W = 1.5 kW

therefore Real Power (kW) = 1.5 kW

b) Reactive Power (kvar)

p = V×i×cos∅

cos∅ = p / Vi

cos∅ = 1500 / ( 380 × 5 ) = 0.7894

∅ = cos⁻¹ (0.7894)

∅ = 37.87°

Q = VIsin∅

Q = 380 × 5 × sin( 37.87° )

Q = 1.1663 KVAR

Therefore Reactive Power (kvar) is 1.1663 KVAR

c) Apparent Power (kVA)

S = P + jQ

= ( 1500 + J 1166.3 ) VA

S = 1900 ∠ 37.87° VA

S = 1.9 KVA

Therefore Apparent Power (kVA) is 1.9 KVA

d) Power Factor

p = V×i×cos∅

cos∅ = p / Vi

cos∅ = 1500 / ( 380 × 5 ) = 0.7894

Therefore the Power Factor cos∅ is 0.7894

e) The impedance Z in polar and rectangular form

Z = 380 / ( S∠-37.87) = V/I

Z = ( 60 + j 46.647) Ω

Z = 76 ∠ 37.87° Ω

Therefore the impedance Z in polar and rectangular form is 76 ∠ 37.87° Ω

Answer:

a) the  rate of cooling provided is 18604.8 Btu/h

b) the rate of exergy destruction in the evaporator is 0.46 Btu/Ibm

c) the second-law efficiency of the evaporator is 37.39%

Explanation:

Given that;

Temperature of sink TL = 50°F = 510 R

Temperature at evaporator inlet TI = 10°F = 470 R

mass flow rate m" = 0.08 lbm/s

quality of refrigerant at evaporator inlet x1 = 0.3

quality of refrigerant at evaporator exit x2 = 1.0

T₀ = 77°F = 537 R

h1 = 107.5 Btu/lbm

s1 = 0.2851 Btu/lbm·R,

h2 = 172.1 Btu/ lbm,

s2 = 0.4225 Btu/lbm·R.

a) rate of cooling provided, in Btu/h.

QL = m"( h2 - h1)

we substitute

QL = 0.08( 172.1 - 107.5

= 0.08 × 64.6

= 5.168 Btu/s

we convert to Btu/h

5.168 × 60 × 60

QL = 18604.8 Btu/h

Therefore the  rate of cooling provided is 18604.8 Btu/h

b) The rate of exergy destruction in the evaporator

Entropy generation can be expressed as;

S_gen = m"(s2 - s1) - QL/TL

so we substitute

S_gen = 0.08( 0.4225 -  0.2851  ) - 5.168 / 510

= 0.010992 - 0.01013

S_gen = 0.00086 Btu/ibm.R

now the energy destroyed expressed as;

X_dest = T₀ × S_gen

so

X_dest =  537 × 0.00086

X_dest = 0.46 Btu/Ibm

Therefore the rate of exergy destruction in the evaporator is 0.46 Btu/Ibm

c)  The second-law efficiency of the evaporator.

Energy expended is expressed as;

X_exp = m"(h1 - h2) - m"T₀(s1 - s2)

we substitute

= 0.08( 107.5 - 172.1 ) - [0.08 × 537 ( 0.2851 - 0.4225 )

= -5.168 - [ - 5.9027)

= -5.168 + 5.9027

= 0.7347 Btu/s

Now second law efficiency is expressed as;

nH = 1 - (X_dest / X_esp)

= 1 - ( 0.46 / 0.7347 )

= 1 - 0.6261

= 0.3739

nH = 37.39%

Therefore the second-law efficiency of the evaporator is 37.39%

Answer:

51112.5 ft^3

Explanation:

Determine the volume needed along the road when we assume a 6% shrinkage

shrinkage factor = 1 - shrinkage  = 1 - 0.06 =  0.94

first we have to calculate the volume between the cross sectional areas (i.e. A1 ---- A5 ) using average end area method

Volume between A1 - A2

= (125 ft - 0 ft) * [(130 ft^2 + 140 ft^2) / 2]

 = 125 ft * 135 ft^2

= 16875 ft^3

Volume between A2 - A3

= (250 ft - 125 ft) * [(140 ft^2 + 60 ft^2) / 2]

= 125 ft * (200 ft^2 / 2)

= 12500 ft^3

Volume between A3 - A4

= (375 ft - 250 ft) * [(60 ft^2 + 110 ft^2) / 2]

= 125 ft * (170 ft^2 / 2)

= 10625 ft^3

Volume between A4 - A5

(500 ft - 375 ft) * [(110 ft^2 + 120 ft^2) / 2]

 = 125 ft * 115 ft^2

= 14375 ft3

Hence the total volume along the 500 ft road

= ∑ volumes between cross sectional areas

=  16875 ft^3 + 12500 ft^3 + 10625 ft^3 + 14375 ft^3 = 54375 ft^3

Finally the volume needed along this road is calculated as

Total volume * shrinkage factor

= 54375 * 0.94  = 51112.5 ft^3