What is atomic models?

Due to the reason that inner d-orbitals do not belong to the outermost shell, these electrons are not included in valence electronic configuration

The electrons in an atom's outermost energy level or shell are known as valence electrons. With six valence electrons, oxygen has two in the 2s subshell and four in the 2p subshell.

Ti is a transition metal with valence electrons in d orbitals since it is an element of the d block.

Normally, only electrons at the highest energy level are considered as valence electrons, however for transition metals, electrons in the d-orbital state following the preceding noble gas configuration are also counted. Fe contains 8 valence electrons, for instance, and its electron configuration is [Ar]3d^64s^2.

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Mole measure the number of elementary entities of a given substance that are present in a given sample. Therefore,  production of 39 g of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex] requires consumption of 53.6g of H[tex]_2[/tex]O.

The SI unit of amount of substance in chemistry is mole. The mole is used to measure the quantity or amount of substance. We know one mole of any element contains 6.022×10²³ atoms which is also called Avogadro number.

moles of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex]= mass of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex]/molar mass of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex]

                        =39 g /26.04

                        = 1.49moles

for 1 mole of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex], 2 moles of H[tex]_2[/tex]O is required.

for 1.49 moles of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex], 2×1.49=2.98 moles of H[tex]_2[/tex]O is required.

mass of water= moles× Molar mass

                       = 2.98×18

                       =53.6g

Therefore,  production of 39 g of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex] requires consumption of 53.6g of H[tex]_2[/tex]O.

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A chemical is any substance whose composition is known. A chemical always consists of the same "substance," to put it another way. Water is one of the substances found in nature.

Chemical science is the branch of natural science that investigates the composition of substances as well as their properties and reactions. It is defined as the study of matter options include chemistry.

The study of chemistry and biology is combined in a field of research known as chemical biology. To study and influence biological processes, chemists commonly utilize analytical tools, tiny compounds produced by synthetic chemistry, and chemical instrumentation.

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The ratio of root mean square velocity of molecules of the ideal gas is 2.

The root mean square is the sum of the squares of the individual velocity values divided by the number of values.

The root mean square is the same as the root mean square velocity.

An ideal gas is considered a monoatomic molecule with molecular mass equal to one.The root mean square velocity([tex]V_{rms}[/tex])  of an ideal gas is calculated by the formula below.

[tex]V_{rms} =[/tex] [tex]\sqrt{\frac{V_{1} ^{2} + V_{2} ^{2} +V_{3} ^{2} +....V_{n} ^{2}}{n} }[/tex]

In terms of temperature, the formula is

[tex]V_{rms} =[/tex][tex]\sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M_{w} } }[/tex]

n= Number of molecules

R= Universal gas constant (8.314 J [tex]K^{-1}[/tex] [tex]mol^{-1}[/tex])

T=Temperature(in Kelvin)

[tex]M_{w}[/tex]= Molecular weight of gas

ratio = [tex]\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3R \ 240}{M_{w} } }}{\sqrt{\frac{3R \ 60}{M_{w} } }}[/tex]

        = [tex]\frac{\sqrt{240} }{\sqrt{60} }[/tex]

        = 2

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The pH of the strong acid /strong base for different volumes are 1.00,1.51,7,12.523.

What is pH?

Water's pH level indicates how acidic or basic it is. The range is 0 to 14, with 7 acting as a neutral value. A pH of greater than 7 denotes a base, while one of less than 7 suggests acidity. The pH scale really measures the proportion of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in a solution.

Using the concept of titration we can calculate pH for each volumes.

Using pW=pH+pOH

For detailed answer please visit attached file

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The value of density in kg/m³ is equal to 0.00088 kg/m³.

The metric system can be demonstrated as a system of measurement that is composed after the decimalized system based on the meter.  Each of the fundamental dimensions can be represented by a single base unit of measurement.

For parameters derived from the base units of the system, units derived from the base units can be used such as the square meter being the derived unit for the area, a parameter derived from length.

Metric units can be defined as units based on the gram, meter, or second and decimal multiples.

Given the density in the unit of g/cm³.

Density = 0.0088 g/cm³

We know that 1 Kg = 1000 g

⇒ 1 g = 10⁻³ Kg

We know that 1 m = 100cm

1 cm = 10⁻² m

Therefore, Density = 0.0088 × 10⁻³Kg/10⁻² m³

Density = 0.00088 kg/m³

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Dangerous pathogens won't be reduced sufficiently without sanitizer. A surplus could be harmful.

Sanitizers are substances that have the ability to eradicate microorganisms, including the bacteria responsible for food poisoning and other diseases. When used properly, they can reduce the number of bacteria on surfaces to a safe level.

Concentrations higher than necessary can be hazardous, detrimental to flavour and odour, corrosive to metals and other materials, and residue-producing. Over time, a chlorine bleach sanitising solution starts to lose part of its effectiveness.

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The average kinetic energy of neon atoms as the temperature is raised from 20°C to 40°C, changes by a factor of 313/293.

On selling the average kinetic energy of a gas. Stating that the temperature of a gas is only related to the motion of the molecules (kinetic energy or speed of the molecules). So that the faster the motion of gas molecules, the higher the temperature of the gas.

The average kinetic energy of gas molecules in the equation for the average kinetic energy of a gas-only applies if the type of gas is a monatomic gas. For diatomic or polyatomic gases, the equation for the average kinetic energy of a gas does not apply.

The formula for the average kinetic energy equation of a gas is as follows:

                                KE = 3/2 RT

With:

KE is kinetic energy

R is the Boltzmann constant with a value of (1.38 x 10-23 JK-1

T is the absolute temperature of the gas in kelvin (K)

This question:

KE = 3/2 RT

[tex]\frac{K_4_0}{K_2_0} = \frac{T_4_0}{T_2_0}\\\\\frac{K_4_0}{K_2_0} =\frac{273 + 40}{273 + 20}\\\\\frac{K_4_0}{K_2_0} =\frac{313}{293}[/tex]

The average kinetic energy of neon atoms changes by a factor of 313/293.

This question is multiple choice:

a) 2

b) [tex]\sqrt{\frac{313}{293}}[/tex]

c) 313/293

d) 1/2

The true choice is C

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Spoilage is the process of food, beverages, or other perishable items becoming unusable due to age, exposure to elements, or other factors.

The 3 types of spoilage are:

1. Physical spoilage: This type of spoilage is caused by physical contamination of the food, such as dirt, dust, hair, insects, etc.

2. Microbial spoilage: This type of spoilage is caused by microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and yeasts) that attack and decompose the food.

3. Chemical spoilage: This type of spoilage is caused by various chemical reactions in the food, such as oxidation, hydrolysis, and enzymatic reactions.

This can result in food that has gone bad, turned sour, or become inedible.

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They create a redox reaction between zinc solid and zinc ions using additive plating. As a result, neutral zinc atoms were produced, which were then deposited onto copper coins.

A technique for coating one metal on top of another called electroplating. Typically, this is carried out for decorative, industrial, or coin-making purposes.

There are two methods for coating a metal:

1. Additive plating

2: Displacement plating

In additive plating, a species in a solution that contributes electrons reduces metal ions. Now, the reduced metal begins to deposit on top of another metal.

When the plating metal is present in the solution during displacement plating, a metal with a lower oxidation number displaces a metal with a higher oxidation number.

The only method used by counterfeiters to create fake coins is additive plating, in which the coinage metal is deposited on top of another base metal.

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The name of this element is gallium

Was the periodic table altered by Mendeleev?

The periodic table was created on February 17, 1869, by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev. He wrote down the symbols for the chemical elements and arranged them according to their atomic weights.

A periodic table of elements is what Mendeleev referred to as. This is due to the fact that he organized the elements according to their atomic masses. He listed the elements in order of increasing atomic mass, with the lighter elements listed first.

During the classification, Mendeleev made predictions about several of the elements' yet-to-be-discovered properties. One of the elements he designated as eka-aluminum later turned out to be gallium.

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K2SO4 will show maximum depression in freezing point.

What is freezing point depression?

A solution's freezing point is lower than that of the pure solvent. This signifies that freezing can only occur when a solution is reduced to a lower temperature than the pure solvent.

Depression at the freezing point is a colligative property that depends on the number of particles. K2SO4 offers the most ions out of the options, leading to the greatest depression at the freezing point.

Therefore, K2SO4 will show maximum depression in freezing point.

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The order of the elements in decreasing first ionization energy is He > Cl > H > Ca > Rb.

In physics and chemistry, ionization energy, ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the weakest bound electron from an isolated atom, positive ion, or molecule. The ionization energy of an atom, denoted Ei, is measured by finding the minimum energy of a light quantum (photon) or electron being accelerated to a known energy that would repel loosely bound atomic electrons. . Measurements are made in the gas phase on single atoms.

On the periodic table, the first ionization energy usually increases as you move from left to right over a period of time. This is because the increased nuclear charge causes the outermost electron to bind more strongly to the nucleus.

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Among the given compounds all are having chiral centres since the  central carbon is attached to different groups.

A compound become chiral if it contains at least one chiral centre that is., a carbon atom with four different valencies. For example CFClBrI is chiral since the carbon atom is joined with four different groups.

Chiral compounds are optically active and have stereoisomers. The first given compound is chiral , where the second carbon with the OH group is attached with four different groups. One is OH, second is H, and one is CH₃ group and the last one is CH (CH₃)₂.

The second compound is also chiral where the carbon with the OH group has four different valencies. The third one is also chiral with a carbon atom having four different groups. Hence, all of the compounds are chiral.

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Propyne with 1 mole HBr describes an unsymmetrical addition reaction.

When a neutral reagent is added to a neutral alkene, the negative side of the reagent attaches itself to a neutral carbon atom that has a smaller number of hydrogen atoms than the positive side of the reagent.

The addition of H-X to a rational alkene such as propene produces a rational alkene. (given in image 2)

Propene and but-1-ene are examples of unsymmetrical alkenes because the groups or atoms attached to either end of the carbon-carbon double bond are unbalanced.

A hydrogen and a methyl group are found at the end of the double bond in propene, but two hydrogen atoms are found at the opposite end of the double bond in hexane. (given in image 4)

Due to the presence of these non-covalent alkenes, it is possible to obtain two different products from some addition processes. When HX molecules are added to propene, you can get one of the following reactions as given in image 3.

It depends on which side of the circuit you add HX across the two connections to determine the answer. In fact, in most cases, it is the second response that occurs. As we have described it, the hydrogen atom is bonded to the carbon atom on the right side. This is my machine.

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Answer:

c

Explanation:

got 100%

The Lewis structure is a simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule. It is used to show how electrons are arranged around individual atoms in a molecule. Electrons are shown as "dots" or to connect electrons as a line between two atoms.

1) Ethyl acetate: [tex]C_{4}H_{8}O_{2}[/tex]

Ethyl acetate is a widely used solvent, especially for paints, varnishes, lacquers, cleaning compounds, and perfumes. Like last week's MOTW, dichloromethane, is used as a solvent to reduce coffee grounds. In the laboratory, ethyl acetate is a common solvent for column and thin layer chromatography.

2. Acetaminophen:

Acetaminophen is an active ingredient in hundreds of over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medications. It relieves pain and fever. Acetaminophen can also be combined with other active ingredients in medications that treat allergies, coughs, colds, flu, and insomnia. In prescription  acetaminophen is found along with other active ingredients to treat severe pain. Acetaminophen can cause serious liver damage if used more than prescribed. The FDA has taken action to improve consumer safety when using acetaminophen.

3) Phenacetin:

Phenacetin has been used as an analgesic and antipyretic in both human and veterinary medicine for many years. It was introduced in treatment in 1887 and was widely used in analgesic mixtures until it was included in kidney diseases (nephropathy) due to the abuse of analgesics. Phenacetin was also once used as a stabilizer for hydrogen peroxide in hair bleaching preparations.

4-Caffeine

Caffeine is a stimulant, which means it increases activity in your brain and nervous system. Caffeine also increases the circulation of chemicals in the body like cortisol and adrenaline. In small doses, caffeine can make you feel relaxed and focused.

5.Aspirin

Aspirin is a common medicine to relieve minor aches, pains, and fever. Also, people use it as an anti-inflammatory or blood thinner.

Aspirin can buy by people can buy  over the counter without a prescription. Daily benefits include relieving headaches, reducing inflammation, and reducing fever.

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Answer:

6IO3- (aq) + 5H2S(aq) => 3I2 (s) + 5SO3 2-(aq) + 3H2O + 4H+

Explanation:

6IO3- (aq) + 5H2S(aq) => 3I2 (s) + 5SO3 2-(aq) + 3H2O + 4H+

I = 6

O = 18

H = 10

S = 5

Natural acidic salt NH 4 NO 3 is created when a weak base (HNO 3) is used to neutralise a strong acid (HNO 3). (NH 4 OH).

Ammonium Natural acidic  aqueous solution has a pH level that is less than 7, making it somewhat acidic. Why does NH4NO3 behave as an acidic salt? 2 What contributes to the acidity of NH4NO3's aqueous solution? 3 Why is NH4NO3 not a salt that is a base or basic?

In an aqueous solution, NH 4 NO 3 dissolved and divided into NH 4+ and NO 3-. The weak base's conjugate acid, the ammonium ion, can donate a proton to the water molecule and creates H + ions in the solution, which slightly increases the acidity of the aqueous solution of NH 4 NO 3.

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According to MyPlate, half of each meal is supposed to be devoted to: C. Fruits and vegetables.

According to MyPlate, a one-dish meal is supposed to contain the following:

We need at least half of each meal to consist of fruits and vegetables. It is because vegetables and fruits provide a wide variety of vitamins and minerals required to our body. They are also naturally low in calories and the fibers they contain help us feel full.

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our chemistry lab. The chem 21 is a requirement for us. Basically, we were using a plate to chem lab it by one chemical to one.

Your Instructor has defined tolerances, which the Chem21 computer uses to score your response. This week's theme was about solving ten test tube mysteries. You will be informed on the website whether you are required to round your response chem lab to the correct number of Significant Figures; otherwise, you need just enter a number that lies between the correct amount minus

Here are some Chemistry Practical Class 12 experiments that will help students effectively prepare for their exams. I Making potash alum or ferrous ammonium sulphate double salt. Identifying a cation and an anion in a.

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Chromatography is useful for identifying unknown substances in a mixture.

Chromatography  is great physical method for observing mixture and solvents. A paper chromatogram can also be used to identify substance by comparing them with known substance. Chromatography is a system for setting apart additives of a combination. To get the system started, the combination is dissolved in a substance referred to as the cellular phase, which incorporates it via a second substance referred to as the desk bound phase.

Thus, it is useful in identifying unknown substances from a mixture.

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Answer:(a)(i) Y is Conc. H2SO4, Z is HCl(g) or hydrogen chloride

(ii) Acidify a solution of X with dilute HNO3 and add AgNO3(aq). White ppt. soluble in aqueous ammonia confirms the presence of chloride. E.g. add solution of X to Pb2+ solution to get a white ppt. soluble when hot, reappearing on cooing.

Explanation:

(CH3)2ĊCH2CH3, (CH3)2CHCHCH3, (CH3)2CHCH2CH2,(CH3)2C=CHCH2 is the ranking order of the radicals in decreasing stability

In chemistry, a radical, also renowned as a free radical, is a molecule that has at least one unpaired electron. Most molecules have an odd number of electrons, and the covalent bonds form bonds that hold the atoms together within a molecule are usually composed up of pairs of electrons shared by atoms connected by the bond. A chemical substance is said to be "stable" in everyday language and frequently in materials science if it is not need to in the environment or during normal use and maintains its useful properties over the timescale of its expected usefulness.

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The complete question is :

Rank the radicals in order of decreasing stability. Most stable Least stable Answer Bank (CH3)2ĊCH2CH3 (CH3)2C=CHCH2 (CH3)2CHCH2CH2 (CH3)2CHCHCH3

The concentration of a solution which contains 16 gram of urea in 20 gram of solution is 80%.

Concentration in chemistry is a quantitative measure of the amount of solute in a given solution. It is usually expressed in terms of the amount of solute per unit volume of solution. It is commonly used to determine the amount of reactants or products in a reaction. It is also used to measure the amount of dissolved substances in a given sample, such as the amount of salt in seawater.
Urea is a non-volatile solute, meaning it does not evaporate when the solution is heated. Therefore, the concentration of the solution remains the same throughout the heating process.
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Rinse the crystals with approximately 0.5 mL of ice-cold water and remove the rinse with the Pasteur pipette.

Before leaving the laboratory, also record your partner's results in your laboratory notebook. Put your product in an appropriate container Neutralize the filtrate with 1 N your sulfuric acid to destroy any remaining reducing agent.

Put the aqueous filtrate in the appropriate liquid waste container. Dispose of all contaminated Pasteur pipettes melting point and TLC capillaries, and TLC plates in the container for chemically contaminated laboratory debris.

Therefore, Rinse the crystals with approximately 0.5 mL of ice-cold water and remove the rinse with the Pasteur pipette.

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HI is the Bronsted-Lowry acid and water is the Bronsted-Lowry base, it accepts the H⁺.

According to Bronsted Lowry theory:

Acid is the one that release a proton

Base is the one that accept a proton

HF is the acid, it donates the proton to water.

Water is the base, it accepts the H⁺

HI (aq)  +  H₂O(l)   →   H₃O⁺  (aq)   +   I⁻ (aq

HF is the acid, it donates the proton to water.

Water is the base, it accepts the H⁺

The Bronsted-Lowry hypothesis, sometimes known as the proton theory of acid and base, was devised by English chemist Thomas Martin Lowry and Swedish scientist Johannes Nicolaus Bronsted.

According to the theory, when an acid and a base react, the acid trades its proton for the base's conjugate base, and the base for the acid's conjugate proton.

The Bronsted-Lowry hypothesis is an enlarged version of the Arrhenius theory of acid-base.

The Arrhenius theory states that while base increases the concentration of OH- ions in an aqueous solution, acid increases the concentration of H+ ions.

The Arrhenius hypothesis' disadvantage is that it can only be used to identify an acid-base interaction in an aqueous medium.

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Answer:

Mechanical energy is energy that results from movement or the location of an object. Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy.

Explanation:

Nuclear energy is energy resulting from changes in the atomic nuclei or from nuclear reactions.

Example: Nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, and nuclear decay are examples of nuclear energy. An atomic detonation or power from a nuclear plant are specific examples of this type of energy.