In the carbon fixation reactions, how many molecules of co2 enter the cycle before 2 molecules of g3p are made?.
True or false :
As energy travels through an ecosystem, some of it is lost at each trophic level because it is lost to heat due to the activity of each organism or because some parts are not eaten or digested
True, As energy travels through an ecosystem, some of it is lost at each trophic level because it is lost to heat due to the activity of each organism.
As organisms need energy for metabolic operations like keeping warm and digesting food, all biological groups experience energy loss in the form of heat (up to 80–90 percent).
Unused energy eventually escapes as heat in an environment. When one organism eats another organism, energy and nutrients are transmitted through the food chain. Decomposers eat up any energy that a deceased organism may have had.
As energy travels through an ecosystem, it gets less concentrated at each trophic level. A trophic level's energy transfer rate can be as low as 10%, with the majority of the remaining energy being wasted as heat during metabolic activities.
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if a man who is heterozygous for a prss1 ala16val mutation mates with a woman who is homozygous for normal cationic trypsinogen, what is the probability that their offspring will have hereditary pancreatitis, given the penetrance value obtained in part b?
Since the mutation shows dominant inheritance, the probaility of inheritance is 0.5 or 50%.
The information missing is about the penetrance of the mutant allele. The information in the text gives that the mutation shows 60% penetrance. With this penetrance, the probability of inheritance is 0.5 x 0.6 = 0.3 or 30%.
What are alleles?
At a certain genomic region, an allele is one of two or more variations of the DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of nucleotides). For each genomic region with such variation, an individual inherits two alleles, one from each parent. The person is homozygous for the allele if the two alleles are the same.
Hence, the probably of inheritance is 0.5 or 50%
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Scientists studied the teeth on the fossils of an ancient fish. The oldest fossils indicate the fish mostly ate plankton. The teeth on more recent fossils indicate the fish began to eat larger plants. Which hypothesis does this observation best support?.
The newest layers are on top and the oldest layers are at the bottom. This observation indicates that the fossils of plankton outdate the fish.
What are Fossils?Any surviving remains, impression, or evidence of a once-living thing from a previous geological epoch is referred to as a fossil. Examples include fossilized bones, shells, exoskeletons, animal or microbe imprints in stone, amber-preserved artifacts, hair, petrified wood, oil, coal, and DNA traces. Organisms that formerly lived and whose shapes and forms may still be recognized are called fossils.
The existence of marine life in rocks suggests that there was once an ocean in the region where the rocks were deposited. High mountains occasionally include marine life fossils, indicating that rocks generated on the bottom were uplifted. The movement of the Earth's plates has slowed and ceased. Over time, plate movement has caused continents to form and fragment.
The newest layers are on top and the oldest layers are at the bottom. As sediments can include once-living animals, sedimentary rocks frequently contain a large number of fossils.
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2. An object will accelerate in the direction of its what force.
A. balanced
B. net
C. zero
D. canceled
3. If one team is stronger in a tug-of-war contest,
A. the net force is zero
B. the rope will not move
C. the rope will fall to the ground
D. the rope will accelerate in the direction of the stronger force
4. Air resistance is a type of what
A. balance
B. acceleration
C. friction
D. reduction.
5. Gravity depends on
A. speed and acceleration
B. force and velocity
C. mass and distance
D. speed and time
Answer:
balance, D, reduction, mass and distance
Explanation: it will balance in that dierection, the stronger team would pull more overthowing the other team, resiestance = friction, everything needs mass for gravity
61) which of the following best describes the consequences of white-band disease in caribbean coral reefs? a) staghorn coral has been decimated by the pathogen, and elkhorn coral has taken its place. b) key habitat for lobsters, snappers, and other reef fishes has improved. c) algal species take the place of the dead coral, and the fish community is dominated by herbivores. d) algal species take over and the overall reef diversity increases due to increases in primary productivity. e) other coral species take the place of the affected staghorn and elkhorn species.
c) algal species take the place of the dead coral, and the fish community is dominated by herbivores following best describes the consequences of white-band disease in caribbean coral reefs .
Why does the longer age of tropical communities matter?In comparison to temperate or polar populations, tropical communities are often older. In comparison to a tundra community, the growth season in the tropics lasts nearly five times as long. Thus, biological time moves five times more quickly in the tropics.
The increased metabolic rates, ecological dynamics, and coevolutionary processes brought on by the higher temperatures in the tropics produce and sustain more biodiversity.
Invasive non-native species and habitat degradation were the biggest threats to island biodiversity. Islands contain larger populations of extinct and severely endangered species than continents, as well as human languages.
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the very deep roots of many prairie plants that have decomposed over thousands of years have contributed to the high fertility of theselect one:c horizon of alfisols.c horizon of molisols.a horizon of molisols.b horizon of aridisols.
The Horizon of Mollisol soils that exist under prairies were created by prairie plant roots. Mollisols frequently have a surface horizon that is 2 to 3 feet deep and contains large amounts of organic materials.
Mollisols have high inherent fertility due to the surface horizon's depth and abundance of organic materials. The roots of prairie plants are very deep. developed prairies can retain in their soil more than 10 tonnes of roots per acre, with some roots reaching depths of more than 8 feet and most of the roots developing as a dense mat in the top foot of soil. The Mollisol soils found under prairie plants were created by the root systems of those plants. Mollisols frequently have a surface horizon that is 2 to 3 feet deep and contains large amounts of organic materials. Mollisols have high inherent fertility due to the surface horizon's depth and abundance of organic materials. The terrain is excellent for conversion to agriculture due to the high fertility of the soils created by tallgrass grasslands.
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A population of a wild animal is a frequent target for hunters. Hunters tend to hunt the larger animals with big horns. How might this affect the populations in the wild?
A.
Animals with average horns will increase in number.
B.
Smaller animals with a trait for short horns will become endangered.
C.
Traits for larger animals with big horns will be selected.
D.
Traits for smaller animals with short horns will be selected.
Reset
Answer:
D. Traits for smaller animals with short horns will be selected.
Explanation:
The process of natural selection will favour those individuals that possess the combination of characteristics that are most likely to survive and reproduce. As the hunters tend to target the larger animals with big horn, smaller animals with short horns will have better chances of survival so the traits for short animals with short horns will be selected.
What state park would you like to support in its Conservation Effort and how
Why do you think investors responded so negatively to the BBC Bhopal disaster interview
Judah Finisterra's history of attacking Dow Chemical and being exposed as a con artist was not hard to figure out. The interview with him aired twice on BBC World and once on BBC, and was picked up by other media sources throughout the world.
This is further explained below.
BBC Bhopal disaster interview:Generally, After airing an interview with a fraud who promised to pay the 120,000 living Bhopal catastrophe survivors a $12 billion compensation, the BBC's reputation for veracity took a hit yesterday.
India experienced hope when a guy described as a representative of Dow Chemical, which now controls the Bhopal factory after acquiring Union Carbide, was interviewed by the BBC's worldwide news program, BBC World.
He said that Dow had taken full responsibility for the greatest industrial accident in history, which had resulted in the deaths of 20,000 individuals over the previous 20 years and left many more suffering from long-term health issues.
But it quickly became clear that Jude Finisterra was a scammer who had previously attacked Dow Chemical. His interview, which was broadcast globally and covered by media outlets, was twice shown on BBC World and on BBC
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how does the chloroplast function work in a plant cell
4-5 sentences
thank you
Answer:
The main role of chloroplast is to conduct photosynthesis
Explanation:
Chloroplasts are specialised organelles characterised by their high concentration of chlorophyll. They convert light energy into chemical energy by photosynthesis.
Chloroplast carry out a number of other functions including fatty acid synthesis, some amino acid synthesis and the immune response in plants.
Chloroplasts along with the nucleus, cell membrane, and endoplasmic reticulum participate in the plant immune response.
They make all of the cell's purine and pyrimdines.
They also convert nitrite into ammonia, which supplies the plant with nitrogen.
Chloroplasts are highly dynamic, they circulate and are moved around within plant cells and occasionally pinch into two to reproduce.
Answer: Chloroplast is known as coloured pigments. They are the ones
that give colours to flowers, fruits and leaves. Chlorophyll is
present in the leaves. expand it a bit more mark me as brainlist ig
Which of the following statements could be used to support the idea that anaerobic respiration existed prior to aerobic respiration in the history of our planet?
1. You have to do anaerobic respiration before your cells can begin to do aerobic respiration.
2. The early atmosphere was high in CO2 and low in O2 so until photosynthesis could produce large amounts of oxygen, organism had to use anaerobic respiration.
3. The early atmosphere was high in CO2 and low in O2 so until photosynthesis could produce large amounts of oxygen, organism had to use aerobic respiration.
4. The early atmosphere was high in O2 and low in CO2 so until photosynthesis could produce large amounts of carbon dioxide, organism had to use anaerobic respiration.
The statement that supports the idea that anaerobic respiration existed prior to aerobic respiration in the history of our planet is: (2) The early atmosphere was high in CO₂ and low in O₂ so until photosynthesis could produce large amounts of oxygen, organism had to use anaerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration is the process of releasing energy by the breakdown of glucose but without the involvement of oxygen. This process synthesizes less energy than the aerobic respiration. However, the organism in the early earth were adapted to such environment of high carbon dioxide and therefore could perform anaerobic respiration.
Photosynthesis is the process of synthesizing one's own food. This process releases oxygen and is performed by aerobic organisms like plants, algae, etc.
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which human activity will help decrease air pollution? which human activity will help decrease air pollution? burning crops driving a hybrid car burning household garbage using coal to produce energy
Answer:
electric vehicles aka less use of petroleum and less greenhouse gas
What do fungi produce to spread to other plants and animals?
Hyphae
Spores
Bacteria
Viruses
Pathogens
To reach the plant, the fungus produces spores, which are transported by wind, water, or animals, such as insects.
In both sexual and asexual reproduction as shown above, fungi produce many small, light-weight spores that disperse from the parent organism by either floating on the wind .
Fungi reproduce by spreading microscopic spores. These spores are often present in the air and soil, where they can be inhaled or come into contact with the surfaces of the body, primarily the skin.
Various enzymes produced by fungi are used industrially and in detergents. Fungi are also used as biological pesticides to control weeds, plant diseases and insect pests.
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What is the number of individuals in a population found within a defined area or volume that can limit the size of some populations?.
Population density is defined as the quantity of people in a given space or volume, and it is critical to the survival of a population. In nature, there are various constraints on population number and expansion. Some are depending on the density, whereas others are not.
What does ecosystem population mean?In ecology, a population is made up of all the creatures of a particular species that are found in a specific location. Demography is the statistical study of populations and how they evolve through time.A population is a collection of creatures belonging to the same species that cohabitate in one place.Immigration is the long-term integration of some people from outside the current population. As a result, population density rises and growth is unaffected.Anything that restricts a limiting element population's growth is slowed or prevented. Biologic factors including food, mates, and competition with other species for resources are some examples of limiting constraints.To learn more about Population density refer to:
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What is the full form of DNA. Mention it's role
Answer:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (abbreviated DNA) is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism. DNA is made of two linked strands that wind around each other to resemble a twisted ladder
Explanation:
Scenario 4: A river in North Carolina has been tested and the following data is obtained:
pH = 7.5
Dissolved Oxygen = 5 mg/L
Nitrates = 8 mg/L
Phosphates = 0.02 mg/L
Biotic Index = 3.6
What is the overall quality of this river? How do you know? If the quality is low, what do you think could be happening in the environment to cause these readings?
The overall quality of the river is good as pH is in normal range.
What is pH?
The pH scale determines how basic or acidic aqueous or other liquid solutions are. The expression translates the hydrogen ion concentration, which normally ranges between 1 and 1014 gram-equivalents per litre, into numbers between 0 and 14. It is frequently used in chemistry, biology, and agronomy. Pure water, which has a pH of 7, contains 107 gram-equivalents of hydrogen ions per liter, making it neutral (neither acidic nor alkaline). Acidic solutions are those with a pH below 7, and basic, or alkaline, solutions are those with a pH above 7.
Because all the levels are within the typical range, the river's general quality is good. Healthy water should have dissolved oxygen levels between 5 and 8 mg/L, phosphorus levels between 0.005 and 0.05 mg/L, levels of nitrate at or below 10 mg/L, and a biotic index below 3.75. The data shows that all of these values fall within the normal range, so we can say that the quality of the water is good.
Consequently, the river's overall quality is good.
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How many minutes of moderate to strenuous daily activity does the CDC recommend?
The Physical activity guideline recommends that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity.
What daily physical activities does the CDC suggest?Moderate-intensity activities are those that get you moving fast enough or strenuously enough to burn off three to six times as much energy per minute as you do when you are sitting quietly, or exercises that clock in at 3 to 6 METs. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity, or an equivalent combination each week. For Even Greater Health Benefits. If you go beyond 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity training, 75 minutes a week of vigorous-intensity activity, or an equivalent combination, you'll gain even more health benefits.
So we can conclude that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity according to CDC.
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Proteins which are embedded in the membrane are called membrane proteins, while proteins which are attached to the surface of the membrane are called proteins.
Integral proteins are those that have a substantial amount of attachment to the plasma membrane. Through hydrophobic contact, they are kept inside the membrane. transmembrane that are integral
Since they make up a membrane both physically and functionally, integral proteins are given that name. Integral protein structurally pierces the hydrophobic portions of the phospholipid bilayer.
A protein domain that spans a membrane is known as a transmembrane domain (TMD). The topological conformation that TMDs typically take is that of an alpha helix, while some TMDs, such those found in porins, can adopt a different shape. Although proteins like membrane pumps and ion channels can contain polar amino acid residues, they are less common in transmembrane since the lipid bilayer's core is hydrophobic.
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what occurs in the thymus? group of answer choices t cells are produced. t cells undergo clonal expansion. clonal deletion of t cells takes place. t cells produce their tcr for the first time and undergo clonal deletion. t cells produce their tcr for the first time.
The primary function of the thymus gland is to train special white blood cells called T-lymphocytes or T-cells.
What are White blood cells?The immune system of the body includes white blood cells. They support the body's defenses against illness and infection. Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), monocytes, and lymphocytes are different types of white blood cells (T cells and B cells).
What occurs in the thymus?T-lymphocytes, often known as T-cells, are specialized white blood cells that are trained by the thymus gland. Our bone marrow sends lymphocytes (white blood cells) to your thymus. In our thymus, the lymphocytes develop into specific T-cells. The T-cells develop before they are released into our bloodstream. They move to our lymph nodes, which are collections of cells, and other lymphatic system organs, where they aid in the immune system's defense against illness and infection.
Thus from the above conclusion we can that the primary function of the thymus gland is to train special white blood cells called T-lymphocytes or T-cells.
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5. Analyze how a newly emerging disease might affect the population size in an industrially
developing and in an already developed country.
Recently emerging illnesses influence the population measure of a nation adversely. The population will decrease with less number of healthy individuals.
"Rising" irresistible illnesses can be characterized as contaminations that have recently shown up in a populace or have existed but are quickly expanding in rate or geographic run.
Illnesses spread more rapidly among individuals who live in near vicinity to each other. Right now, over 50% of the worldwide populace lives in urban zones.
With more individuals living in thick conditions, there's more visit contact between more people, permitting illness transmission to effectively happen.
Because it gets to be more common for individuals to travel all through the world, it moreover gets to be less demanding for infections to travel with them.
An episode in one locale that would have something else contained can move into other uninfected locales when tainted individuals travel or migrate to these regions.
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the cheetah has helped garner public support for various conservation projects due in part to its charismatic nature. for this reason, the cheetah could best be classified as what type of species?
Because of its appeal, the cheetah has contributed to the success of numerous conservation initiatives. Due to this, the cheetah is most appropriately categorized as a flagship species.
Threatened species are ones that are being highlighted. As a result, they act as an ambassador to spread the word about how important it is to protect them. The Bengal Tiger, Asian, African, and Giant Panda are a handful of the World Wildlife Fund's signature species. A flagship species serves as the symbol of an environmental habitat, movement, campaign, or concern. They can be mascots for entire ecologies. Identification of a flagship species requires taking into account a species' social, cultural, and economic value. The environmental harm occurring in the area where these animals inhabit is demonstrated by the fact that they are typically among the most threatened or endangered species.These animals are typically among the most threatened or endangered species, which demonstrates the environmental harm occurring in the area where they live.
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enzymes catalyze chemical reactions without being physically altered. enzymes catalyze chemical reactions without being physically altered. true false
This statement "enzymes catalyze chemical reactions without being physically altered" is true.
Enzymes have the ability to catalyze chemical reactions repeatedly. Enzymes are biocatalysts that do not change chemically during the biochemical reaction. They only catalyze the formation of the products by binding to the molecules of the substrate.
Enzymes, like all other catalysts, are distinguished by two fundamental properties. First, they speed up chemical reactions without being consumed or permanently altered by the reaction.
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Answer:
Explanation:The statement "Enzymes catalyse chemical reactions without being physically altered", is true.
Enzymes are biological catalysts, they increase the rate of the reaction by reducing the activation energy. Enzymes is not used in the reaction, they can be reused for another reactions.
So, an enzyme is a substance that works as a catalysts in living organisms, controlling the pace at which chemical processes can take place while remaining unaltered.
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How does the structure of the cell membrane support its function?
A Because the phospholipids are arranged in a bilayer, the inner row can separate when needed in order to dissolve unwanted organelles that are no longer useful to the cell.
B Because there are other molecules embedded between the phospholipids, the membrane serves to import DNA chromosomes from neighboring cells before cell division.
C Because the membrane is made of a double layer of phospholipids, it is effective for temporarily storing food molecules until a lysosome can merge with the membrane to digest them.
D Because phospholipids have ends that are attracted to water and ends that repel water, the membrane creates a selectively permeable barrier that allows only certain molecules to enter and leave.
The structure of the cell membrane support its function because it has phospholipids which have ends that are attracted to water and ends that repel water that allows only certain molecules to enter and leave.
What is Cell membrane?This is referred to an organelle which contain double layers of lipids and protein which creates a selectively permeable barrier in the cells of most living organisms.
It functions by separating and protecting the interior of cells from the outside environment which contain pathogens and other unwanted substances.
The phospholipids have ends that are attracted to water and ends that repel water which ensures that movement of particles in and out of the cell are regulated and is therefore the reason why option D was chosen as the correct choice.
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your brain registers the painful sensation caused by you touching something that stings your hand. what part of the body control mechanism is represented by this analysis of the signal your nerve cells sent?
The integration center analyzes the painful sensation.
What is reflex action?
A reflex is an unintentional, unplanned sequence or action and a virtually immediate movement that occurs in reaction to stimuli. Reflexes can also be referred to as reflex actions. Neural circuits that are capable of acting on an impulse before that impulse reaches the brain are referred to as reflex arcs, and they are what make a reflex possible.
A reflex loop's integration center is located exactly in the middle of the loop. This part of the spinal cord is the location where information gathered by sensory neurons is passed on to the neurons that control the muscles. Afferent neurons are the neurons that travel from the brain to the spinal cord.
Hence, reflex action and integration center both are responsible for the analysis of painful sensations.
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What would happen if telomerase stopped working in a cell in which it normally functions at high levels?.
If Telomerase stopped functioning then it Limits the growth of the cells.
Telomerase shortening limits the growth the cells by doing Senescence in the cells or by crisis in the cells with the inactivated checkpoints.
Drugs that inhibits telomerase activity or kill telomerase producing cells may potentially stopped and kill the cancer cells in the tracks.
Since cell division occurs throughout the lifetime telomerase get shorter and shorter as we age and thus its number in the cell decreases as Telomerase helps in the Chromosome rearrangements leading to the cancer.
Thus when the Telomerase stopped functioning then the cell becomes inactive or dies which leads to major disease such as cancer.
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what is the identity of the above atom
The Periodic Table element that is being represented is totally determined by the number of protons in the nucleus, although this is not a comprehensive identification. The amount of neutrons in the nucleus provides us with the necessary information to determine which isotope of that element is being represented. Different isotopes may exist for an element.
What is atom?
An atom is the tiniest piece of ordinary matter that makes up a chemical element. Atoms that are neutral or ionised make up every solid, liquid, gas, and form of plasma. Atoms are incredibly tiny, measuring typically 100 picometers across.
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What energy transformation occurs in green plants during photosynthesis? A. Thermal energy is converted to electrical energy. B. Thermal energy is converted to light energy. C. Chemical energy is converted to mechanical energy. D. Light energy is converted to chemical energy.
Answer: D
Explanation:
a student is working with a flowering plant in which nectar is deeply placed in the flowers. when the student discovers the natural pollinator of this plant, it is most likely to have
If a student discovers the natural pollinator of a plant while working with a flowering plant in which nectar is deeply placed in the flowers, it is most likely to have a long proboscis.
What is a proboscis?
A proboscis is simply a long appendage coming out of an animal's head, and is used to describe the nose or snout of a vertebrate, like an elephant, or the mouth of an insect, like a butterfly. In insects, the proboscis is an elongated, tubular structure that is used for sucking food into the body
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Match each pollutant with its health effect.
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen oxides
Volatile organic compounds
Sulfur oxides
A) inflammation and irritation of the respiratory system
B) causes eye, nose, and throat irritation or cancer
C) irritate lungs, dizziness, seizures, or death
D) dizziness, fatigue, headache, disorientation, shortness of breath