The structural aspect of the DNA facilitates the dissociation of the two DNA strands for replication Base pairs are connected via hydrogen bonds.
Bases and hydrogen bonds combine to produce the double helix structure of DNA. While C and G are joined by three hydrogen bonds, A and T are bound together by just two. Multiple hydrogen strands and the DNA helical structure work together to maintain the structure even though hydrogen bonds are noncovalent, weak connections.
Since hydrogen bonds are noncovalent and weak, enzyme activity during the development of the replication fork when DNA replication occurs can easily break them. In order to serve as the parent strand on which the new daughter DNA strands are created, two DNA strands must be separated throughout this process.
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what is the chance that among the three children in generation ii who have the dominant phenotype, one of them is aaaa and two of them are aaaa ? (hint: consider all possible orders of genotypes.) express your answer to two decimal places.
This question's correct answer is 0.44.
A dominant phenotype is one that manifests itself in one of two ways: the inheritance of two dominant alleles (homozygous dominant) or the inheritance of one dominant and one recessive allele (heterozygous dominant).
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For every one glucose molecule, which step in cellular respiration produces the greatest amount of atp?.
The electron transport system
The stage that produces most of the ATP during cellular respiration is the electron transport system (ETS).
What is Electron transport system ?
The ATPase enzyme and ETS complexes are housed in the inner mitochondrial membrane.The function of ETS in mitochondria generates an electrochemical gradient between the matrix and the inner mitochondrial space (High at inner mitochondrial space and low at matrix).ETS gets electrons from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2The ATPase enzyme situated in the inner mitochondrial membrane allows protons to flow down their electrochemical gradient.This proton motive force is utilized for phosphorylation of ADP into ATP.Thus the production of ATP through ETS is called oxidative phosphorylation as both oxidation and phosphorylation take place.Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the cellular energy source for use and storage. ATP is a nucleoside triphosphate with the structure of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups. Adenosine triphosphate is an organic compound that supplies energy to many processes in living cells, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis. In the absence of catalysts, ATP is stable in aqueous solutions between pH 6.8 and 7.4. At higher pH levels, it rapidly hydrolyzes to ADP and phosphate. Living cells keep the ATP/ADP ratio ten orders of magnitude higher than equilibrium, with ATP concentrations fivefold higher than ADP concentrations.
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Several changes occur within the body during stressful situations. For example, pupils become more dilated, heart rate and breathing rate increase, and appetite decreases. These changes are controlled by
Answer
The autonomic nervous system
What is the correct term for an instance in which the expression of an allele of a gene completely masks the expression of another gene?.
Epistasis is the correct term in which the expression of an allele of a gene completely masks the expression of another gene.
Whether they sort independently or not, genes interact at the level of gene products such that the expression of an allele for one gene masks the expression of an allele for a different gene. This process is epistasis.
Complete dominance is a form of dominance in the heterozygous condition where the allele that is dominant masks the effect of the allele that is recessive. For example, for an individual carrying two alleles that are dominant, trait that they represent will be expressed.
The masked allele is recessive and the allele that expresses itself is dominant. In the presence of a dominant allele, recessive character cannot be masked. When a recessive allele is double, only the recessive character is expressed.
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How could we safely capture & grow bacteria in the classroom? What precautions do we need to take so we don’t get an infection from our experiment?
Bacteria can be grow best in warm, moist and protein rich environment. The following precautions we need to take while growing of bacteria:-
use glovesuse lab coatuse safety goggleslong hair should tieafter experiment use sanitizerBacteria are small single-celled organisms. Bacteria are found nearly anywhere on earth and are vital to the planet's ecosystems. some species can stay beneath intense situations of temperature and strain. The human frame is complete of bacteria, and in reality is expected to contain more bacterial cells than human cells.
The ancestors of bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the primary forms of lifestyles to seem in the world, about four billion years in the past. For about three billion years, maximum organisms have been microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life.
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What type of photoreceptor enables pricilla to maneuver and see basic shapes in her room in the middle of the night?.
Pricilla uses Rods to move around and recognize simple shapes in her room in the middle of the night.
How do photoreceptors work?
which convert light into signals that are sent to the brain. Photoreceptors give us both color vision and night vision. The two different types of photoreceptor cells are rods and cones. Numerous eye problems may affect photoreceptor cells.
The initial stage of vision is carried out by specialized neurons known as rod and cone photoreceptors. In the back of the retina, close to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is a cell layer necessary for photoreceptor survival, are these light-sensitive cells.
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The corolla of a morning glory forms a shape called
Answer:
Explanation:
The collection of all the petals of a flower is known as the corolla. It can be of different shapes like clawed, fimbriate, laciniate, spurred, and saccate. They can be irregular or regular.
A researcher is interested in the structure of the flagellar motor, a series of proteins embedded in the cell wall and plasma membrane of E. coli and many other prokaryotes. Which microscopic technique would be appropriate to determine which proteins of the flagellar motor are associated with the cell wall?
A.
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) because it would generate a 3D image of the surface of the cell wall at high magnification
B.
phase-contrast microscopy because it would introduce contrast between the flagella and the bacterial cell
C.
transmission electron microscopy (TEM) because it would provide a cross section of the cell wall at high magnification
D.
brightfield microscopy because it would show where the flagella are attached to the cell
The technique that could be used in order to study which proteins of the flagellar motor are associated with the cell wall is the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) because it would generate a 3D image of the surface of the cell wall at high magnification
What is the cell?The cell is the smallest unit of a substance which is the lowest level of life. We know that all cells come from pre existing cells and the study of the cells can only be made possible using the microscope. The microscope is a device that can be able to probe.
The scanning electron microscope is the kind of microscope that could be used to see into the interior portions of the cells and this is essential for study as all the structures that are connected to the cell wall can be see quite clearly when we are using this very method.
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The new strain of covid is spreading at the rate of 12% a week. Currently, there are 100,000 people infected with the virus. How long will it take before the virus has infected 800,000 people?.
The time that it would take the disease to spread is exponential function.
What is the infection rate?We know that a disease spreads rapidly and that it is possible to make use of a mathematical model to tell the rate at which the infection would spread across board. We have that;
Number of infected people Po = 100,000
Number of people infected after time t = 800,000
Time taken = t
Infection rate = 12%
We then have that;
P(t) = P(o)e^rt
800,000 = 100,000e^0.12t
800,000/100,000 = e^0.12t
8 = e^0.12t
ln 8 = 0.12t
t = ln 8/0.12
t = 17 days
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need help filling this graph
The graph representing number of deer's vs deer population is plotted and discussed below.
What is graph plotting?A graph plotting is a process of plotting the coordinates given that represent a relation between two quantities and gives an idea of how one quantity varies with respect to other.
Given are the coordinates of Deer population from 1905 to 1939.
We can plot the given coordinates on the graph very easily. Along the x - axis, we will plot the deer population and along the y - axis we will plot number of deer's. The plotted graph is attached with the answer. For a given coordinate say (x, y), the x - coordinate is plotted on x - axis and the y - coordinate is plotted on y - axis.
Therefore, the graph representing number of deer's vs deer population is plotted and discussed above.
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In addition to being used to
construct exoskeletons, chitin is
found in the cell walls of
A. animals
B. plants
C. fungi
If parents supplied different alleles for a certain trait to their offspring, which
of the following terms would be used to describe the offspring?
If parents supplied different alleles for a certain trait to their offspring, the offspring would be described as Heterozygous.
Contribution of alleleIn other instances, each parent contributes a unique allele of a certain gene, in which case the child is said to be heterozygous (the prefix hetero means “different”) for that allele.
Alleles result in phenotypes, which are either dominant or recessive physical manifestations of a trait.
What are the two types of traits that parents pass on to their children?Recessive and dominant genes. Dominant/recessive interactions are the most frequent type of allele-allele interaction.
When one (dominant) allele of a gene effectively outweighs the other (recessive) allele, the allele is said to be dominant. Blood types and eye color are two instances of dominant/recessive gene interactions.
What decides which alleles the parents’ offspring will inherit?All the kids will have the same genotype if the parent with the unknown genotype is homozygous dominant.
All of the offspring will have at least one dominant allele if the parent with the unknown genotype is homozygous dominant.
Half of the offspring will receive a recessive allele from both parents and will have the recessive phenotype if the parent with the unknown genotype is heterozygous.
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Complete Question
if parents supplied different alleles for a certain trait to their offspring which of the following terms would be used to describe the offspring
A. Recessive
B. Dominant
C. Homozygous
D. Heterozygous
For certain breeds of cattle, a bull with solid red fur and a cow with solid white fur will make a roan calf that has both red and white hairs in its coat. What is this genetic inheritance pattern?.
The genetic inheritance pattern is Codominance.
What is Codominance?
Co-dominance can be said to be a genetic scenario whereby the alleles of a gene are neither dominant nor recessive over one another, hence, they are both simultaneously expressed in the hybrid phenotype. It is one of thee non-mendelian inheritance.
In this case, involving a gene coding for fur colour in the cattle. One of the alleles code for red hair while the other allele for white hairs. Both alleles can be said to be co-dominant because no one is dominant over the other, hence, they produce an hybrid phenotype called Roan where both red and hair phenotypes are seen/expressed.
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which one of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function
A. cell wall produces energy for the cell
B. nucleus: control center of the cell
C. cell membrane gives rigid structure that supports the other organelles
D. chloroplasts: colorless, jelly-like substance that supports the other organelles
HELP NOW GIVING BRAINLESS
a 25 year-old patient presents complaining of a sore throat and swollen glands in the back of her neck. upon exam, erythema and white purulent exudates are noted in the tonsillar region. results of streptococcal antigen tests were negative and the patient’s monospot test is pending. cbc with differential normal blood values with the exception of 60% lymphocytes on the differential, 30% of which are "atypical."which is the most likely cause of the patient’s condition?
Answer:
The reason why they have a sore throat is because they most likely have mono
Explanation:
If your throat is sore and based on the information listed the only possible reason would be is that they have mono
PLEASE HELP ME WITH THIS QUESTION ASAP!!!
The question is “ approximately how many clams would be developing in 10°C water?”
Use the picture to help you answer! :)
Answer:
52 clams would be in 10 degree Celcius water. The clams that survived in the 21°C and 25°C water are used in each the biomarker and genetic analysis.
A student obverse’s a cell under a microscope. She sees a cell wall and a nucleus. What type of cell is she observing?
Answer:
Pretty sure it's a Eukaryotic plant cell!
Assume that two characters are controlled by genes we will generically label as A and B. In one instance A and B will be on different chromosomes and in another instance they will be located close to each other on the same chromosome (linked). Using this information, fill in the following table.
Independent genes are inherited according to the law of independent assortment, while Linked genes are inherirted together. Linked genes: 1) 3:1. 2) No. 3) AB, ab. Independent genes: 1) 9:3:3:1 2) Yes. 3) AB, Ab, aB, ab.
What are independent assortment, linked genes and independent genes?Independent assortment is a law that states that the alleles from two or more different genes distribute independently from each other in gametes.
A gamete receives an allele from a gene that does not depend on nor influence the allele of another gene in the same gamete. This can only be applied to independent genes.
These genes segregate independently after crossing over because they are located far away from each other.
Some other genes, however, are too close to each other and do not segregate independently. These are the linked genes, and they do not exhibit an independent distribution, and they inherit together more frequently.
In the exposed example,
Diallelic Gene ADiallelic Gene BWe will assume these genes express complete dominance.
Linked genes
1)
Parentals) AaBb x AaBb
Gametes) AB ab AB ab
Punnett square) AB ab
AB AABB AaBb
ab AaBb aabb
F1) 1/4 AABB + 2/4 AaBb : 1/4 aabb
2/4 of the progeny is exprected to express the dominant traits, while 1/4 is expected to express the recessive traits.
Phenotypic ratio ⇒ 3:1
2)
No, the law of independent assortment does not apply
3)
Since the parents of these individuals are both true breeding, the gametes are AB and ab.
Independent genes
1)
Parentals) AaBb x AaBb
Gametes) AB Ab aB ab AB Ab aB ab
Punnett square) AB Ab aB ab
AB AABB AABb AaBB AaBb
Ab AABb AAbb AaBb Aabb
aB AaBB AaBb aaBB aaBb
ab AaBb Aabb aaBb aabb
F1)
9/16 individuals are expected to express the two dominant traits, A-B-
3/16 individuals are expected to express one of the dominant traits, A-bb
3/16 individuals are expeected to express the other dominant trait, aaB-
1/16 individuals are expected to express the recessive trait, aabb
Phenotypic ratio ⇒ 9:3:3:1
2)
Yes, the law of independent assortment does not apply
3)
Since the parents of these individuals are both true breeding, the gametes are AB, Ab, aB, and ab.
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gerlach used a stain called carmine to stain body tissues, but had a very difficult time staining a certain tissue type. he was finally able to stain the tissue section when he mistakenly left the sample in the stain overnight. what type of tissue type was gerlach finally able to visualize due to his "error"?
Neural tissue is the type of tissue type that gerlach was finally able to visualize due to his "error.
Nerve cells, also known as neurons, and their ancillary cells, such as neuroglia cells, make up neural tissue, also known as nervous tissue. The nerve cells are specialized cells that communicate between nerve cells by sending and receiving nerve impulses, also known as action potentials. Dendrites and axons, two types of distinctive cellular projections, are found on nerve cells. The electrochemical signals are picked up by the dendrites (from another nerve cell). The following nerve cell receives the action potential from the axons.
The axon terminal, which resembles a bulb, is the termination of the axon. The nerve impulse is eventually transmitted from one nerve cell to the next by neurotransmitters that are produced from the axon terminal. The nervous tissue also contains neuroglia cells in addition to nerve cells. These cells assist in nourishing and defending the nerve cells. They create myelin and aid in preserving homeostasis
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the requirements of biosynthesis are carbon and other essential elements, as well as which of the following? choose one: a. reducing agents and energy for catabolic enzymes b. oxidizing agents and energy for catabolic enzymes c. oxidizing agents and energy for anabolic enzymes d. reducing agents and energy for anabolic enzymes
The requirements of biosynthesis are carbon and other essential elements as well as (d) "reducing agents and energy for anabolic enzymes."
The question asks for the conditions necessary for biosynthesis. Biosynthesis describes the processes that result in the production of complex polymers from simple monomers.
It indicates that anabolic reactions are being discussed. (Catabolic reactions are those that cause polymers to disintegrate into monomers.) Complex polymers are created by anabolic reactions, which are defined as those processes.
Polymer synthesis is a reduction process. For instance, carbon dioxide is converted to generate glucose during photosynthesis. It implies that reducing agents that convert monomers into polymers are necessary.
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Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation from earth’s surface and re-radiate some of it back to earth. Which of these gases have the most significant impact on the temperature of earth’s atmosphere?.
Carbon dioxide has the most significant impact on the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere.
CO2 is a greenhouse gas and is essential for the existence of life on Earth. It traps the heat and warms up the inside of the atmosphere of Earth.
However, the temperature of Earth drastically changes when the level of CO2 in the atmosphere increase. As the level of carbon dioxide increases, it blocks the energy re-emitted earth back to space. This energy does not leave the atmosphere and hence the average temperature of the earth starts to increase.
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As ocean waves approach shore, their velocity decreases. How does a decrease in velocity affect the frequency and wavelength of the waves
entering the shallow water?
Velocity is the rate at which something moves in a specific direction. as the speed of a car driving north on a highway or the pace at which a rocket takes off. Because the velocity vector is scalar, its absolute value magnitude will always equal the motion's speed.
Sea waves slow down as they get closer to land. The following equations explain how a wave's velocity, wavelength, and frequency are related:
v= f x λ
the frequency f
equals wavelength
f = 1/λ ..............(1) (1)
In this way, as the wave expands in speed, the wavelength and frequency also rise depending on the circumstance (1). When the velocity drops, the frequency and wavelength both start to get smaller.
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For certain breeds of cattle, a bull with solid red fur and a cow with solid white fur will make a roan calf that has both red and white hairs in its coat. What is this genetic inheritance pattern?.
The genetic inheritance pattern is Codominance.
What is Codominance?
Co-dominance can be said to be a genetic scenario whereby the alleles of a gene are neither dominant nor recessive over one another, hence, they are both simultaneously expressed in the hybrid phenotype. It is one of thee non-mendelian inheritance.
In this case, involving a gene coding for fur colour in the cattle. One of the alleles code for red hair while the other allele for white hairs. Both alleles can be said to be co-dominant because no one is dominant over the other, hence, they produce an hybrid phenotype called Roan where both red and hair phenotypes are seen/expressed.
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What is half life?
1. the amount of time it takes for half of an atom's electrons to decay
2. the amount of time it takes for some of a radioactive substance to decay
3. the amount of time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay
4. the amount of time it takes for all of a radioactive substance to decay
Answer:c
Explanation:
Which best describes where the scientists who have contributed to our scientific knowledge were located
The answer is
D. They were from all parts of the world
Description of carbohydrates and what is it purpose and importance
Carbohydrates are essential molecules whose main importance is being a source of energy for the organism. Carbohydrates are also components of the cell membrane.
What are carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are essential molecules for life as they are the main source of energy necessary for organisms. They are also part of the cell membrane when binding to lipids and proteins and composing glycolipids and glicoproteins.
Carbohydrates are hydrophilic substances soluble in water and alcohol. Their -OH groups are responsible for that solubility.
Carbohydrates are present as small or large molecules.
• Small molecules ⇒ sugars ⇒ monosaccharide and disaccharide
• Large molecules ⇒ polysaccharide
Glucose is the principal carbohydrate cells use to accomplish their vital functions.
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Identify the bacteria that are responsible for turning nitrogen from the atmosphere into usable nitrogen for plants. Streptomyces, Yersinia pestis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, or Rhizobium.
The bacteria that are responsible for turning nitrogen from the atmosphere into usable nitrogen for plants are commonly called as Rhizobium.
What are Rhizobium bacteria?Rhizobium bacteria are a particular taxonomic group of bacteria that are well known because they are able to fix important amounts of nitrogen present in leguminous plants. These bacteria can generate nodules capable of fixing nitrogen in the air which is then employed by the plant to synthesize biomolecules.
Therefore, we can conclude that Rhizobium represents bacteria that can use the nitrogen in the air to fix it into leguminous plants.
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place the following list of steps into the correct sequence for creating a genetically modified organism. a) the gene is transferred to the target organism. b) the bacteria containing the recombinant dna are allowed to reproduce. c) the gene of interest is inserted into a plasmid. d) a plasmid is isolated from a strain of bacteria. e) the plasmid containing the recombinant dna is inserted into bacteria. f) the gene of interest is isolated from the cell of an organism.
DFCEBA : A plasmid is isolated from a strain of bacteria, the gene of interest is isolated from the cell of an organism,the gene of interest is inserted into a plasmid, the plasmid containing the recombinant dna is inserted into bacteria.
Bacteria and certain other microscopic species contain plasmids, which are tiny circular DNA molecules. Physically distinct from chromosomal DNA, plasmids multiply on their own. They typically include a small number of genes, some of which are transferred from cell to cell and are linked to antibiotic resistance. Recombinant DNA techniques are used by scientists to splice the genes they want to research into a plasmid. The inserted gene is duplicated along with the plasmid as it duplicates itself. Molecular biotechnology has benefited greatly from the development of plasmids. They serve as vectors, or delivery systems, for introducing foreign DNA into bacteria. Beginning in the 1970s, DNA from other creatures was initially "cut and pasted" into particular locations within plasmids.
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the same bees that pollinate the flowers of the brazil nut trees pollinate orchids, which are epiphytes (plants that grow on other plants); however, orchids cannot grow on brazil nut trees. these observations explain
The observations explain about the why Brazil nut trees do not set fruit in plantations.
In a short amount of time, plantation forestry may generate large amounts of wood. Authorities in charge of state forestry, such as the Forestry Commission in Britain, as well as the paper and wood businesses, as well as other private landowners, grow plantations (such as Weyerhaeuser, Rayonier and Sierra Pacific Industries in the United States or Asia Pulp & Paper in Indonesia). In southern and southeastern Asia, teak plantations have recently supplanted the native forest. Christmas trees are frequently cultivated on plantations.
For the commercial production of forest products, industrial plantations are actively managed. Industrial plantations are frequently very vast. Individual blocks typically have an even age distribution and are composed of just one or two species. They may be native or invasive species.
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Which of the cells characterized in the chart above is a plant cell?
Answer:
cell A
Explanation:
because only plant cells have chloroplast