If protons (H+) were able to freely move across the mitochondrial membrane, cellular respiration will not occur.
Mitochondria are encased in a double-membrane system made up of inner and outer mitochondrial membranes separated by an intermembranous space. The inner membrane has numerous folds (cristae) that extend into the organelle's interior. In the critical process of oxidative phosphorylation, the electrochemical proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives ATP synthesis. This is made possible by the previously mentioned membrane-bound enzyme ATP synthase.
The electron transport chain creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, causing chemiosmosis to drive ATP synthesis. The proton gradient across the cristae membrane is produced by three large membrane protein complexes of the respiratory chain in the cristae, known as complexes I (NADH/ubiquinone oxidoreductase), III (cytochrome c reductase), and IV (cytochrome c reductase) (cytochrome c oxidase).
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Which statement best describes the usefulness of a model to investigate molecules at the microscopic level?(1 point)
A model’s usefulness depends on whether direct observations of phenomena can be made.
All models are useful.
A model’s usefulness depends on the accuracy of its predictions.
Models are not useful at all.
A statement best describes the usefulness of a model to investigate molecules at the microscopic level: A model’s usefulness depends on the accuracy of its predictions.
About scientific modelIn science, a model is a representation of an idea, an object or even a process or a system that is used to describe and explain phenomena that cannot be experienced directly. Models are central to what scientists do, both in their research as well as when communicating their explanations.
Models in marine scienceProf John Montgomery discusses how and why scientists use models, with climate change as an example.
Models are a mental visual way of linking theory with experiment, and they guide research by being simplified representations of an imagined reality that enable predictions to be developed and tested by experiment.
Why scientists use modelsModels have a variety of uses – from providing a way of explaining complex data to presenting it as a hypothesis. There may be more than one model proposed by scientists to explain or predict what might happen in particular circumstances. Often scientists will argue about the 'rightness' of their model, and in the process, the model will evolve or be rejected. Consequently, models are central to the process of knowledge-building in science and demonstrate how science knowledge is tentative.
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Predict The Product(S) Of The Following Reaction. A B C D A And B
The chemical reaction between AB and CD is a double displacement reaction with products as AD and BC and chemical equation as AB +CD[tex]\rightarrow[/tex]AD+BC.
What is chemical equation?Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.
A plus sign is present between reactants and products if they are more than one in any case and an arrow is present pointing towards the product side which indicates the direction of the reaction .There are coefficients present next to the chemical symbols and formulas .
The first chemical equation was put forth by Jean Beguin in 1615.By making use of chemical equations the direction of reaction ,state of reactants and products can be stated. In the chemical equations even the temperature to be maintained and catalyst can be mentioned.
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How many electrons fit in p orbital?
How do you find elements that will form an ionic compound?
Answer:
Ionic compounds generally form between elements that are metals and elements that are nonmetals. For example, the metal calcium (Ca) and the nonmetal chlorine (Cl) form the ionic compound calcium chloride (CaCl2).
Explanation:
the reaction of no cl2 --> nocl cl is found to have an equilibrium constant of 1.1 x 10 ^8 at a particular temperature. what does this mean about the relative amounts of reactants and products at equilibrium
At equilibrium, there is a much higher concentration of products than reactants.
What is equilibrium?
Equilibrium is a state of balance in which all forces acting on an object are equal and opposite, resulting in the object being motionless. It is a state of being when the forces acting on a system are balanced and no further change will occur unless an external force is applied. Equilibrium can be seen in everyday life; for example, when a pencil is balanced on its pointed tip, the forces of gravity and the reaction of the pencil on the surface are equal and opposite, allowing the pencil to remain motionless.
K= [products]/[reactants]
If K=1 then concentration of reactants and products are equal.
If K>1 that means [Products]>[reactants]
so,it is the case because K= 1×10⁸>1
So, at equilibrium there is much higher concentration of products than reactants.
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PLEASE HELP
How do scientists determine a nucleus' location within an atom?
A. by measuring half the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms
B. by splitting the atom into an ion and measuring the nucleus' size
C. by dividing the atomic radius by a factor of 2 D. by sending an electric current through the atom and measuring the amount of nucleus resistance
Scientists determine a nucleus' location within an atom by A. measuring half the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms.
What are the Covalent radius and the atomic number?The Covalent radius is a value used to understand the covalent bonded atoms, while the atomic number refers to the number of protons and neutrons that are present in a given atomic nucleus, which allows us to obtain the relative distance between one atom and other atoms.
This value (the atomic number) is useful in chemistry in order to determine different elements since they are composed of a variable number of positively charged protons and neutrons in the nucleus, as well as the number of negatively charged electrons in the orbitals of the atom.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the Covalent radius and atomic number are fundamental in order to determine the number of protons and neutrons and this info is associated with the relative distance observed between two bonded atoms.
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True or false: protons and neutrons are the two particles found in an atoms nucleus ? 
Answer: True
Explanation:
I remember learning this in AP Chemistry class. Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus of an atom when electrons are outside the core.
Categorize the compounds below as chiral or achiral. There are 6 compounds.
Among the given compounds the 5th compound is chiral and having the central carbon is attached to different groups. All other compounds are achiral.
What is chirality?A compound become chiral if it contains at least one chiral center that is., a carbon atom with four different valences. For example CFClBrI is chiral since the carbon atom is joined with four different groups.
Chiral compounds are optically active and have stereoisomers. The first given compound is achiral , where all carbon atoms are attached to same groups in either side.
The second compound is also achiral where the carbon with the Cl group has no four different valencies. The third one is also achiral with a carbon atom having similar groups bonded to it . The fifth compound is achiral where, the carbon atom bearing Cl group and the carbon bearing Br group are chiral centers.
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The compounds below in image categorized as chiral or achiral. There are 6 compounds.
What is chiral compound ?If a combination of translations and rotations cannot superimpose the molecule's image on its mirror image, the molecule is said to be chiral.
If a molecule or ion cannot be superimposed on its mirror counterpart, it is said to be chiral. The term "chirality" refers to a molecule's geometric feature. A plane of symmetry or a centre of symmetry are absent from chiral compounds.
An achiral item and its mirror image are identical and can be superimposed. Golf clubs, scissors, shoes, and corkscrews are examples of chiral objects that have a "handedness." So, it's possible to purchase scissors and golf clubs with either hand. A right and a left pair of gloves and shoes are also available.
Thus, The compounds below in image categorized as chiral or achiral.
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Why is dichloromethane (dcm) a good organic solvent to solubilize benzoic acid and acetanilide?
The dichloromethane (DCM) a good organic solvent to solubilize benzoic acid and acetanilide because of the polarity of dichloromethane.
The DCM is a good organic solvent because it is volatile and have the ability to dissolve a wide range of the organic compound. the solubility of the benzoic acid and the acetanilide in the dichloromethane is due the polarity. the like dissolves like. the DCM is less polar solvent.
The DCM dissolves the non ionic compounds and the slightly polar compounds. the water is the polar compound and it dissolves the ionic compound and the polar compounds. this is the reason dichloromethane (DCM) a good organic solvent to solubilize benzoic acid and acetanilide.
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if 20.0 ml of 0.10 m ba(no3)2 are added to 50.0 ml of 0.10 m na2co3, will baco3 precipitate?
When 20.0 ml of 0.10 m Ba(NO₃)₂ (aq) and 50.0 ml of 0.10 m Na₂CO₃ (aq) are mixed together, a precipitate of BaCO₃ will be formed.
In aqueous solution, precipitation is defined as the process of turning a soluble substance into an insoluble solid from a supersaturated solution.
Precipitation of a compound generally occur when its concentration exceeds its solubility. This may happen due to temperature changes, solvent evaporation, or mixing of solvents. Precipitation always occurs faster from a highly oversaturated solution.
When the barium chloride solution reacts with sulfuric acid, a white precipitate of barium sulfate is formed in the product side.
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what is the percentage ionization of hcooh molecules in a 0.10 m solution? [ka = 1.8 ×10–4]
A 0.10 M solution has a percent ionization of 1.32 %.
Any process that converts electrically neutral atoms or molecules (ions) to electrically charged molecules and atoms (ions) by gaining or losing electrons. For example, sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolves and splits its molecules into negative and positive ions.
HCOOH --------------------> HCOO- + H+
intial 0.1 0 0
final 0.1-x x x
[tex]Ka = \frac{HCOO^{-} H^{+} }{HCOOH}\\\\1.8 * 10^{-5} = \frac{x^{2}}{0.1 - x} \\\\1.8 * 10^{-6} = x^{2}\\[/tex]
(ignoring x in (0.1-x) as x is very small because HCOOH is weak acid)
% ionization = ([HCOO -]/[HCOOH]intial) * 100
= (1.34*10^-3)*100/0.1
= 1.34 %
A 0.10 M solution, on the other hand, has a percent ionization of 1.34%.
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solve the given initial-value problem. l di dt + ri = e, i(0) = i0, l, r, e, i0 constants
Enthalpy Changes the overall energy change in the substance portrayed in the graph at 48°C.
What are the data that were obtained from the question?Mass (m) = 0.3 Kg
Initial temperature (T1) = 20°C
Heat (Q) added = 35 KJ
Specific heat capacity (C) = 4.18 KJ/Kg°C
Final temperature (T2)
The final temperature of water can be obtained as follow:
Q = MC(T2 – T1)
35 = 0.3 x 4.18 (T2 – 20)
35 = 1.254 (T2 – 20)
Clear the bracket
35 = 1.254T2 – 25.08
Collect like terms
1254T2 = 35 + 25.08
1.254T2 = 60.08
Divide both side by the coefficient of T2 i.e 1.254
T2 = 60.08/1.254
T2 = 47.9 ≈ 48°C
Therefore, the final temperature of the water is 48°C.
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What foods should be kept separate to avoid contamination?
Put raw meat, poultry, and shellfish in a separate section of your supermarket cart from other items. To prevent the fluids from these items from spilling onto other foods, put them in plastic bags. Additionally, it is important to keep these meals separate from other foods at the register and in your shopping bags.
What is contaminating food?
When a foreign substance or material that can cause foodborne illnesses is introduced to the food material, it is said to have been contaminated. Depending on its type and source, food contamination can be classified as biological, physical, or chemical.
Put raw meat, poultry, and shellfish in a separate section of your supermarket cart from other items. To prevent the fluids from these items from spilling onto other foods, put them in plastic bags. Additionally, it is important to keep these meals separate from other foods at the register and in your shopping bags.
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Indicate the oxidation number of carbon and sulfur the in following compounds.Procedurea. CO b. CO2 c. Na2CO3d. Na2C2O4 e. CH4 f. H2COg. SO2 h. SO3 i. Na2SO4j. Na2SO3 k. Na2S2O3 l. Na2S4O6m. SCl2 n. Na2S2 o. SOCl2
Oxidation number of C is a) +2 b) +4 c) +4 d) +3 e) -4 f) 0 g) +4 h) +6 i)+6
j) +4 k) +2 l)2.5 m) -2 n) -1 o) +4
A) CO
x + (-2) = 0
Thus, x = +2
Oxidation number of C = +2
B) CO2
x + 2 (-2) = 0
x = +4
Oxidation number of C = +4
C) Na2CO3
2 (+1) + x + 3(-2) =0
2 + x -6 = 0
x = +4
Oxidation number of C = +4
D) Na2C2O4
2(+1) + 2x + 4(-2)
2x = +
x = +3
Oxidation number of C = +3
E) CH4
x + 4(+1) = -4
Oxidation number of C = -4
F) H2CO
2(+1) + x (-2) =0
x = 0
Oxidation number of C = 0
G) SO2
x + 2 (-2) = 0
x = +4
H) SO3
x + 3(-2) = 0
x = +6
I) Na2SO4
2(+1) + x + 2(--4)
x = +6
K) Na2SO3
2(+1) + x + 3(-2) =0
2 + x -6 = 0
x =+4
K) Na2S2O3
2(+1) + 2x + 3(-2) =0
2x = +4
x = +2
L) Na2S4O6
2(+1) + 4 x + 6(-2) =0
4x = 10
x = 2.5
M)SCl2
x + 2(-1) = 0
x = -2
N) Na2S2
2(+1) + 2x = 0
x = -1
O) SOCl2
x + -2 + 2(-1)
X = +4
An atom's hypothetical charge, or oxidation number, would be zero if all of its links to other atoms were completely ionic. It describes how much an atom in a chemical compound has oxidised (lost electrons). The oxidation state could theoretically be zero, positive, or negative. Owing to the fact that many bonds in nature exhibit high ionicity despite the absence of fully ionic bonds, the oxidation state is a good indicator of charge.
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2. Where does your genetic makeup come from?
half of the genetic makeup from the mother and half from the father
O
the genetic makeup from the father and nothing from the mother
O
the genetic makeup from neither parent
O
the genetic makeup of the mother and nothing from the father
Answer:
half of the genetic makeup from the mother and half from the father
Explanation:
Their mother passes one copy on to them through the egg, while their father passes the other one along (via the sperm). Each egg and sperm have a single set of 23 chromosomes. Two copies of each chromosome and two copies of each gene are present when the sperm fertilizes the egg, resulting in the formation of an embryo.
What does it mean when a company talks about being carbon neutral it will capture and store atmospheric carbon dioxide generated by their factories?
Companies become carbon neutral when when they calculate their carbon emission and compensate for what they have produced through carbon offsetting projects.
The term Carbon neutrality means having a balance between emitting carbon and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere in carbon sinks. Removing carbon oxide from the atmosphere and then storing it is known as carbon sequestration. Companies use their carbon footprint as a basis for setting long-term reduction targets and deciding what action to take. for example, the switch to green electricity. In many cases, the potential for reductions in carbon emissions is restricted. It is not possible for a haulage company. Official proof of credible carbon neutrality is important to consumers. Carbon neutrality must be verified by means of a recognized label.
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What is the table called for elements?
Answer:
Periodic table
Explanation:
good
What is the valence value of neon?
The valence electrons of Neon is 8. Neon has the atomicnumber 10. It is a stable noble gas.
Valence electrons are the total number of electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom. The valence electron for neutral atom is always definite. Neon has eight valence electrons, a full octet that makes neon quite stable Noble gas. This can be confirmed via it's electronic configuration by looking at the highest energy level which is 2 in this case
The electronic configuration of Neon is,
1s2 2s2 2p6 or [He] 2s2 2p6
Here, the 2s orbital holds two valence electrons while the 2p orbital holds the other six valence electrons. so there are 8 valence electrons that is a full octet.
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What is the lewis structure of I3-?
The lewis structure of I₃⁻ is attached as a picture.
The geometry of the I₃⁻ molecule is linear. Although there are three atoms of iodine, only one of them has a negative charge. This results in three lone pairs of electrons and two bond pairs being created as a result. It is going to have a steric number of 5. The three lone pairs will avoid contact with one another and go to equatorial locations. The lewis structure represents that, by accepting an extra electron, the core I atom has increased the size of its octet. This electron is responsible for giving it a -ve charge.
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how many isomers are possible for [cr(nh3)5(no2)]cl2? consider all possible types of isomerism and draw each isomer.
Draw each isomer and take into account all potential isomerisms. [Cr(NH3)5(NO2)]Cl2, the original compound; [Cr(NH3)5(ONO)] Cl2 (linkage isomerism via NO2), [Cr(NH3)5Cl)Cl(NO2) (ionization isomerism).
What are the many types of isomerism?The two basic types of isomerism are stereoisomerism and spatial isomerism, in which the bonds between the atoms are the same but their relative positions are different, and structural as well as constitutional isomerism, in which the bonds between the atoms differ.
How do you recognize isomerism?Their bonding patterns and the way they occupy three-dimensional space allow you to distinguish between them. By examining the bonding patterns, distinguish structural (constitutional) isomers. While the atoms in the compounds are identical, their connections create various functional groups.
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based on the concept of periodic trends, answer the following questions for these atoms: li, be, mg, na. be able to defend your answers. a. which element has the lowest electronegativity? b. which element has the least metallic character? c. which element is the largest atom?
Be has the lowest electronegativity. This is because electronegativity generally increases as you move down a group and to the right of a period, and Be is located at the top left of the periodic table.
Which element has the least metallic character?Li has the least metallic character. This is because metallic character generally decreases as you move down a group and to the right of a period, and Li is located at the top left of the periodic table.
Which element is the largest atom?Mg has the largest atom. This is because atomic radius generally increases as you move down a group and to the left of a period, and Mg is located in the middle of the second period.
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2naoh + h2so4 → na2so4 + h2o
the equation is___because the number of hydrogen atoms and atoms____is____in the reactants and in the products.
Unbalanced and Oxygen are the blank values which completes the statement regarding the given reaction.
[tex]2NaOH + H_2SO_4 - > Na_2SO_4 + H_2O[/tex] the equation is unbalanced because the number of hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms is unequal in the reactant and in product side.
in order to fill the blank values we have to calculate the number of each atoms involved in the reaction on both side of the reaction.
i) [tex]Na[/tex] atom
LHS = total number of [tex]Na[/tex] atoms on the left side of the reaction
LHS = 2*1
RHS = total number of [tex]Na[/tex] atoms on the right side of the reaction
RHS = 1*2
LHS = RHS so [tex]Na[/tex] atoms are balanced on both side.
ii) [tex]H[/tex] atom
LHS = total number of [tex]H[/tex] atoms on the left side of the reaction
LHS = 2* 1+ 1 *2 =4
RHS = total number of [tex]H[/tex] atoms on the right side of the reaction
RHS = 1 *2 = 2
LHS ≠ RHS so [tex]H[/tex] atoms are unbalanced on both side.
iii) [tex]O[/tex] atom
LHS = total number of [tex]O[/tex] atoms on the left side of the reaction
LHS = 2*1+ 4 =6
RHS = total number of [tex]O[/tex] atoms on the right side of the reaction
RHS = 1*4 + 1 =5
LHS ≠ RHS so [tex]O[/tex] atoms are unbalanced on both side.
iv) [tex]S[/tex] atom
LHS = total number of [tex]S[/tex] atoms on the left side of the reaction
LHS = 1
RHS = total number of [tex]S[/tex] atoms on the right side of the reaction
RHS = 1
LHS = RHS so [tex]S[/tex] atoms are balanced on both side.
from the above comparisons we can observe than the complete reaction is unbalanced and [tex]H[/tex] and [tex]O[/tex] have different count in reactant and product side.
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Part A What is the relationship between the following compounds? constitutional isomers enantiomers diastereomers identical
The relationship between the following compounds is diastereomers. The correct option is c.
What are diastereomers?Diastereomers frequently contain substances with ring structures. Consider two compounds that each have two substituents—a chlorine atom and an ethyl group—and each has a six-membered ring. Like our previous example, they do not mirror copies of one another, which designates them as diastereomers.
Diastereomers are substances that have the same molecular formula and arrangement of bound elements as other substances but are not mirror or superimposable copies of one another.
Therefore, the correct option is c, diastereomers.
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The question is incomplete. Your most probably complete question is given below: The image of the compound is added.
What is the freezing temperature of a solution of 95.0 g of sucrose c12h22o11 in 225.0 g of water which freezes at 0.00 C when pure KF of water 1.86 C M?
As a result, will be 2.29 degrees Celsius. Thus, this represents the needed solution's freezing point.
What is depression at the freezing point?
When a non-volatile solute is dissolved in an organic solvent, a phenomena known as freezing point depression takes place.
The freezing point of the solvent is lowered below its usual freezing point by the addition of the solute. This is a result of the solute's presence, which causes the solvent's vapour pressure to fall.
This phenomena is crucial to the study of colligative characteristics, which deal with how the presence of solutes lowers a solution's freezing point, boiling temperature, and vapour pressure.
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As a result, will be 2.29 degrees Celsius. Thus, this represents the needed solution's freezing temprature.
What is depression at the freezing point?When a non-volatile solute is dissolved in an organic solvent, a phenomena known as freezing point depression takes place.
The freezing point of the solvent is lowered below its usual freezing point by the addition of the solute. This is a result of the solute's presence, which causes the solvent's vapour pressure to fall.
This phenomena is crucial to the study of colligative characteristics, which deal with how the presence of solutes lowers a solution's freezing point, boiling temperature, and vapour pressure.
How to calculate it?Molar mass of sucrose is equal to 342.297 g/mol (12 x 12.011 + 22 x 1.008 + 11 x 15.999).
1000 g = 1 Kg
As a starting point, let's determine how many moles of sucrose there are: (mass of sucrose/molar mass of sucrose) = (115.0 g/342.297 g/mol) = 0.3360 mol
Next, determine the molality of the sucrose solution: (moles of sucrose per kilogramme of solvent) = (0.3360 mol per 0.35 kilogramme) = 0.96 mol/kg or 0.96 m
Water does not allow the glucose molecules to associate or dissociate, hence the Van't Hoff factor I is equal to 1.
T f = I x Kf x m) = (1 x 1.853 deg C/m x 0.96 m) = 1.78 deg C is the depression in the freezing point of sucrose solution.
Pure water has a freezing point of 0 degrees Celsius.
So, the freezing point of a solution of sucrose is equal to (0 - 1.78), or - 1.78 degrees Celsius.
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What would happen if the concentration of H+ ions were higher inside the mitochondria when the channel opened?
When a channel opens, H+ ions will flow out of the mitochondrion if the concentration of H+ ions inside the mitochondrion is higher than the concentration outside the mitochondrion.
The inner mitochondrial membrane is where H+ ions and electrons from NADH and FADH2 are released. The energy released during the transfer of electrons is used to pump H+ ions into the intermembrane gap as electrons join the electron transport chain. Since H+ ions cannot penetrate the inner mitochondrial membrane and return to the matrix because it is impermeable to protons, there is a larger concentration of H+ ions in the intermembrane space, which creates and maintains a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Hence, open channel freely passes proton to inner membrane space.
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Why is rms calculated?
The RMS or the root mean square velocity of a gas particle is calculated because the net velocity of a gas sample is always zero.
The velocity of a given sample of gas is calculated because the temperature is directly related to the velocity of the gas particles. The reason we use RMS velocity instead of average velocity is that any gas sample always has its net velocity be zero. This is because the particles of the gas sample are always moving in all directions. So if we take the average velocity of the gas sample which becomes zero, the temperature will also be affected which is not the case in reality. Therefore, RMS velocity is always used instead of average velocity.
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What is the product of the following reactions?
Answer:
where are the reactions.................
Explanation:
in an ionic or covalent substance, electrons are shared or transferred between no more than two atoms at a time. however, in a metallic substance, electrons are shared among all of the metal atoms in the sample. how does this explain why metals are more malleable and ductile than ionic and covalent compounds?
Since the electrons in metals are shared across all of the metal atoms in the sample as "sea of electrons" which surrounds the metal ions, making metals more malleable and ductile than ionic and covalent substance.
A metallic composition of all metal atoms surrounds the metal ions with a "sea" of shared electrons. It is assumed that this electron sea is the source of the great conductivity, malleability, and ductility that make metals unique.
Metal ions can easily pass by one another and twist the metal without breaking it because of the electron sea in a metallic body. On the other hand, it is more challenging to modify ionic and covalent molecules without rupturing the bonds due to the strong chemical bonds that hold them together. Because of this, ionic and covalent compounds are less ductile and malleable than metals.
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5) Design an experiment to separate the components of a mixture of two solids - Sodium chloride and Sucrose. Both compounds are soluble in water, but Sucrose is much more soluble in an organic solvent (Dichloromethane) than water. Sodium chloride does not dissolve in dichloromethane.
By filtration technique using funnel filter out of salt NaCl. By rotary evaporation technique, evaporate the organic solvent and the sucrose will be left.
All plants, including fruits, vegetables, and even nuts, naturally produce sugar, the familiar and beloved simple carbohydrate, which is known by its chemical name, sucrose. Natural sugars such as sucrose can be found in varying concentrations in plants such as fruits, vegetables, and nuts. From sugar cane and sugar beets, sucrose is also economically produced. Your body needs energy to carry out both physical and mental tasks, and sucrose, a carbohydrate, gives you that energy. Foods like sucrose and starch are broken down by your body into fructose and glucose during digestion. To provide energy to your cells, your body breaks down the fructose and glucose.
a study found that taking the more "natural type of sugar" could be just as harmful to your health as ingesting high fructose corn syrup.
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What is the percent composition of Na2O?
Answer:
Composition of Sodium Oxide - Na 2 O Element - Mass Percent Sodium 45.9795g Sodium 45.9795g Oxygen 15.9994g Oxygen 15.9994g
Answer:
Below
Explanation:
TWO sodium atoms 2 X 22.99 = 45.98
ONE oxygen atom 15.999
total = 61.979
Sodium percent = 45.98 / 61.979 = 74 %
the remainder is Oxygen 26%