The immune system employs various cells to identify and eliminate abnormal-looking cells, including cancer cells. The immune cells which destroy abnormal-looking cells, including cancer cells are cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells.
CTLs are specialized T cells that possess the ability to recognize specific antigens displayed on the surface of cancer cells. Once activated, CTLs release cytotoxic molecules, such as perforin and granzymes, which induce cell death in the target cells. Similarly, NK cells are innate immune cells that can recognize and destroy abnormal cells, including cancer cells, without the need for prior sensitization.
Therefore, both CTLs and NK cells play vital roles in immune surveillance, defending the body against malignancies and maintaining overall health.
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estimate how many calories a
person burns from physical activity.
Answer:
For men: 66 + (6.2 x weight) + (12.7 x height) – (6.76 x age)
For women: 655.1 + (4.35 x weight) + (4.7 x height) – (4.7 x age)
Explanation:
In response to a decrease in tissue metabolic activity, tissue oxygen concentrations ________, which causes a(n) ________. In response to a decrease in tissue metabolic activity, tissue oxygen concentrations ________, which causes a(n) ________. increase : active hyperemic response decrease : dilation of the arterioles decrease : increase in tissue ischemia decrease : active hyperemic response increase : constriction of the arterioles
Answer:
The correct answer is - increase: constriction of the arterioles.
Explanation:
When the physical activity is decreased by the tissues of the muscle, the oxygen concentration in the tissue increases which leads to the constriction of the arterioles.
It takes place in order to decrease blood flow and blood pressure as oxygen requirement is less in the tissue in decreased physical metabolic activity. The constriction of arterioles results in more resistance to decrease the blood flow in capillaries.
When you were born you were 22 inches long now you were about 60+ inches long how do you account for this 40+ inches of growth?
Which best describes a method of obtaining energy that may cause changes in water temperature and harm to fish populations?
Transport is the function of the protein known as hemoglobin . State the name and function of another protein. Do not use enzymes or membrane proteins for your answer . Name :
Answer:
keratin.
Explanation:
keratin is a fibrous protein that has protective and structural functions in the body.
to fulfil it's functional necessities keratin has characteristics that makes it insoluble and repellent to damage.
to fulfil it's functional necessities keratin has characteristics that makes it insoluble and repellent to damage.in the human body, keratin can be present in - hair and finger nails.
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why is sexual reproduction a necessity for sharks
Answer:
cause they can't asexually reproduce
Explanation:
a shark has to reproduce and is too big of an organism to use asexual reproduction, so there's only one left
Many of the cell's hydrolytic enzymes are located in the lysosome, where the pH is ~5. a) What would you expect to be the optimum pH for these enzymes? b) Explain why this specific pH optimum would have a protective effect on the rest of the cell. c) Explain how this principle can be used to regulate enzyme activity in vitro.
a) Optimum pH for lysosomes hydrolytic enzymes is approximately 5.
b) pH 5 in lysosomes protects the rest of the cell by limiting enzyme activity outside the lysosome.
c) In vitro, enzyme activity can be regulated by adjusting pH, providing control over enzymatic reactions.
a) The optimum pH for hydrolytic enzymes in the lysosome would be around 5, as they are adapted to function effectively in this acidic environment.
b) The specific pH optimum of 5 in lysosomes helps protect the rest of the cell because it creates a barrier that prevents the enzymes from functioning optimally outside the lysosome, reducing the risk of uncontrolled hydrolytic activity that could damage cellular components.
c) In vitro, enzyme activity can be regulated by adjusting the pH of the surrounding solution. By setting the pH to the optimum level of the specific enzyme, its activity can be enhanced or inhibited, allowing precise control over the enzymatic reactions for experimental or therapeutic purposes.
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Which of the following molecules of RNA would you predict to be the most likely to fold into a specific structure as a result of intramolecular base-pairing?
Group of answer choices
5′-CCCUAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUAGGG-3′
5′-UGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUG-3′
5′-AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA-3′
5′-GGAAAAGGAGAUGGGCAAGGGGAAAAGGAGAUGGGCAAGG-3′
The molecule: 5′-GGAAAAGGAGAUGGGCAAGGGGAAAAGGAGAUGGGCAAGG-3′ is the most likely to fold into a specific structure as a result of intramolecular base-pairing, option D is correct.
This is because it contains complementary regions that can form stable base pairs. Specifically, the sequence contains several repeated stretches of the nucleotide G, followed by A, forming G-A base pairs.
These repeated motifs increase the likelihood of stable base pairing interactions and formation of secondary structures, such as stem-loop structures. In contrast, molecules A, B, and C lack repeated motifs or complementary regions, making it less likely for them to form specific structures through intramolecular base-pairing, option D is correct.
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The complete question is:
Which of the following molecules of RNA would you predict to be the most likely to fold into a specific structure as a result of intramolecular base-pairing?
A) 5′-CCCUAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUAGGG-3′
B) 5′-UGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUGUG-3′
C) 5′-AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA-3′
D) 5′-GGAAAAGGAGAUGGGCAAGGGGAAAAGGAGAUGGGCAAGG-3′
Complete the sequences below: A T G C T A A C C T G C
DNA sequence: ______
mRNA sequence: ______
Amino Acids: ______
Answer:
DNA: A = T and T = A. C = G and G = C
T A C G A T T G G A C G
mRNA: A = T and T = U . C = G and G = C
T U C G U T T G G U C G
Amino Acids:
A = Adenine
T = Thymine
G = Guanine
C = Cytosine
U = Uracil
During one year, seven coyotes in a population die. Eight immigrate into the population, but none emigrate. If the overall population growth is 13 coyotes, what was the birth rate of coyotes during the year? Use this formula: population growth = (birth rate + immigration) – (death rate + emigration) 7 11 12 15
Answer:
Death rate= 7 coyotes
Immigration= 8
Emigration= 0
Population growth= 13
Let’s suppose that the birth rate for the given population is x.
Population growth = (birth rate+immigration) - (death rate+emigration)
13=(x+8)-(7+0)
13=x+1
Move the variable to the left side and change its sign.
-x+13=1
Move the constant to the right side and change its sign
-x=1-13
-x=-12
x=12
Answer: x=12
Explanation:
edge2021
Answer:
Death rate= 7 coyotes
Immigration= 8
Emigration= 0
Population growth= 13
Let’s suppose that the birth rate for the given population is x.
Population growth = (birth rate+immigration) - (death rate+emigration)
13=(x+8)-(7+0)
13=x+1
Move the variable to the left side and change its sign.
-x+13=1
Move the constant to the right side and change its sign
-x=1-13
-x=-12
x=12
Answer: x=12
Explanation:
edge 2021
How does weathering of rock expanding and breaking rocks apart impact water quality?
answer asap please
thanks
which cellular processes would be directly affected by the improper functioning of mitochondria
Answer:
Cellular respiration
Explanation:
The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondria, so if the mitochondria wasn't able to function correctly, cellular respiration would be unable to take place.
ere are 5 sacral vertebrae that are fused into ____________ sacrum.There are ____________ cervical vertebrae, some of them containing a transverse foramen.There are ____________ thoracic vertebrae, most of them with a long spinous process.The vertebral column is composed of ____________ vertebrae distributed into 5 regions.There are ____________ to 5 bones in the coccyx, with variability in the fusion.There are ____________ lumbar vertebrae, which have large verte
Answer:
There are 5 sacral vertebrae that are fused into one sacrum. There are seven cervical vertebrae, some of them containing a transverse foramen. There are twelve thoracic vertebrae, most of them with a long spinous process. The vertebral column is composed of thirty-three vertebrae distributed into 5 regions. There are three to 5 bones in the coccyx, with variability in the fusion. There are five lumbar vertebrae, which have large vertebral bodies.
Explanation:
The vertebral column has 33 vertebras and five sections. They are the cervical spine with seven vertebrae, the thoracic spine with twelve vertebrae, the lumbar spine with five vertebrae, the sacrum with five fused vertebrae, and lastly, the coccyx with three to five vertebrae. The vertebrae in each section have different characteristics. For example, the length of the spinous process changes becoming longer as we descend in the cervical and the thoracic spine, or the body of the vertebrae has different shapes in each section, or the presence of the transverse foramen in the cervical spine, which allow the passage of a nerve plexus, an artery, and a vein. Each section, with its characteristics, aligns to form the vertebrae column containing and protecting the spinal cord.
plzzzz help
Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism neither benefits nor is harmed.
Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit.
Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed.
Predation is a relationship in which one organism preys on (and eats) another organism.
Competition is relationship in which two organisms must fight (directly or indirectly) for resource
Objective:
Given a description of the relationship between two organisms, determine if their relationship is competition, commensalism, predation, mutualism, or parasitism.
1. Polar Bear and Seal: A polar bear hunts and captures the seal for its food. _______________________________
2. Lice and Humans: Lice attach to human hair and enjoy the warmth given off by the human. They eat tiny amounts of human blood, causing the human to have little red bumps that are quite itchy. They may also transmit disease to the human. _______________________________
3. Male lions: Adult male lions will fight each other for control over a pride and mating rights. _______________________________
4. Goby Fish and Sea Urchins: The goby fish live amongst the sea urchins and are provided protection from their predators. _______________________________
5. Wolf and Caribou: The wolf hunts and kills the caribou for its food. _______________________________
6. Bats and White-Nose Fungus: The fungus grows over the bat’s face during hibernation which can kill the bat or cause it to wake up from hibernation early and starve. ____________________________________
7. Hermit Crabs and Snails: Hermit crabs live in abandoned shells made by snails. _______________________________
8. Boxer Crab and Anemone: The boxer crab carries a pair of small anemones in its claws. When a predator approaches, it waves the anemones around which present its stinging tentacles and deters the predator. The anemones get small particles of food from the crab when it eats. _______________________________
9. Bear and Salmon: The bear catches salmon in the river and eats it for food. _______________________________
10. Grass and Oak Trees: Oak trees grow tall and put their branches out wide to collect sunlight. This shades the grass growing underneath from getting sunlight. _______________________________
11. Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plants: The mycorrhizal fungus grows into the roots of some plants and gets nutrients from the plant. The fungus helps the plant absorb inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil. Some fungi also secrete antibiotics, which can help protect the plant from parasitic fungi and bacteria. _______________________________
12. Bison and Cowbird: As bison walk through the grass, it kicks up insects like grasshoppers. These are seen and eaten by the cowbird. _______________________________
13. Mistletoe and Oak Tree: Mistletoe extracts water and nutrients from the oak tree, causing harm to the oak tree. _______________________________
14. Frog and Insect: The frog uses its long, sticky tongue to catch insects for food. _______________________________
15. Tapeworm and Dog: The tapeworm enters the dog when the dog eats feces containing tapeworm larvae. The tapeworm attaches to the dog’s stomach and feeds off of the dog’s nutrients. This often causes harm to the dog. _______________________________
Answer:
1. predation
2. parasitism
3. competition
4. commensalism
5. predation
6. parasitism
7. commensalsim
8. mutualism
9. predation
10. mutualism
11. mutualism
12. mutualism
13. parasitism
14. predation
15. parasitism
hope I helped!:)
Answer:
Oi felix~~
Explanation:
DNA undergoes ____to produce_____.RNA undergoes____to produce_____
I am not really sure but you can get the answer from it :
They discovered a fundamental mechanism of how proteins protect chromosomes while DNA is being copied (a process called DNA replication), which relies on a protein called RPA. Cells have a limited amount of this protein, which they use as 'band aids' to protect the DNA temporarily during replication.
How does the large intestine help the body excrete wastes?
It reabsorbs water from filtrate.
It forms urine.
It removes urea from the body.
It processes undigested food into feces.
Answer:
It processes undigested food into feces.
Explanation:
Answer:
D. It processes undigested food into feces.
Explanation:
Correct on EDGE 2021!
Prokaryotic cells do not have a distinct nucleus and are missing other organelles. This is a characteristic of which domains?
Help me!!!!!
Answer: Eukaryotes
Explanation:
Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles like nuclei. Arcahea and Prokaryotes don't have memrbane bound organelles
This is currently assigned to you. Try some challenge questions to turn in this assignment
= Steroid
Hormone
Diffusion: Getting Stuff into your
Cells!
= H20 = glucose
Key
= Na
Extracellular Space
Several types of molecules are sitting outside your cell. Only some
of them can diffuse into your cell without help.
• Use the red or orange points to drag each substance through
the cell membrane to find out which ones can and can't enter
• What is unique about the molecules that can enter the cell?
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
CHALLENGE ME
Intracellular Space
Learn More
Answer:
What is the name of this website
or the book?
DNA double helix. Hydrogen bonds break and helix opens. Each strand of DNA acts as a template for synthesis of a new, complementary strand. Replication produces two identical DNA double helices, each with one new and one old strand.
Answer:
The process described above is known as DNA replication.
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What is the function of the flower of a plant?
Do you think new helpful species of bacteria will evolve with different functions? What would they do? What traits could they have to help them do these things?
please help
i will give brainliest and 5 * and 10 points for the best answer
i don't want to see any link as an answer
if i do you will be reported
7. During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made for each original DNA strand. Thus,
if a portion of the original strand is CAGGTTACG, then the new strand will be
a. CAGGTTACG.
c. GTCCAATGC.
b. GTCCTTAGC.
d. GTCCTTACG.
Answer:
i think its b i took the test but i forgot the answer
Explanation:
what is the correct answer?
Answer:
Purple. Phenotype=visual characteristics
Which best explains why viruses do not have special structures or enzymes that allow them to make their own food?
Viruses can use energy of living cells that they infect.
Viruses can replicate inside a host that they infect.
Viruses can cause contagious illnesses in host cells.
Viruses integrate their RNA or DNA into infected cells.
Answer:
Viruses can replicate inside a host that they infect. ... The epiglottis closes the air pathway so that food will not enter it.
Answer:
B.) Viruses can replicate inside a host that they infect.
Explanation:
I just finished this test and got it right. This was the answer for me
a point mutation that changes a uac codon into a uag codon is a: missense mutation. nonsense mutation. silent mutation. frameshift mutation.
Answer: silent mutation
Explanation:
Which choice is involved in both sexual and asexual reproduction
a. 21. Angiosperms produce flowers, while gymnosperms do not. Which is a property of the flowers of angiosperms that is not shared by the reproductive structures of gymnosperms?
A. flower can produce many seeds at the same time.
b. The same plant can produce many flowers.
C. Flowers can be pollinated without the involvement of animals.
d. Flowers produce seeds that are encased in protective fruits
Answer:
Its not a flower can produce many seeds at the same time
Explanation:
D. Flowers produce seeds that are encased in protective fruits is a property of the flowers of angiosperms that is not shared by the reproductive structures of gymnosperms.
What are gymnosperms?Gymnosperms are a group of seed-bearing plants that produce seeds that are not enclosed within a fruit. They are found in a wide range of habitats, from deserts to mountainous regions, and include many well-known species such as pine, spruce, and fir trees.
Gymnosperms are an ancient group of plants that have been around for over 300 million years, and they play an important role in many ecosystems by providing habitat, food, and other resources for wildlife and humans.
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 Female peacocks typically chose to mate with males who have the most brightly colored feathers. This is an example of
A- shrinking population
B - Mate Choice
C- Mutations
D- gene flow
E- natural selection
Answer:
its B or E
Explanation:
Which of the following has to be "tailed" before it migrates to the cytoplasm?
Group of answer choices, pick one:
mRNA
tRNA
pre-mRNA
rRNA
Pre-mRNA has to be "tailed" before it migrates to the cytoplasm, option C is correct.
Pre-mRNA is the initial transcript synthesized during transcription in eukaryotic cells. Before it can be transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation, the pre-mRNA molecule undergoes a process called RNA processing or RNA splicing. This process involves the removal of non-coding regions called introns and the joining together of coding regions called exons. Once the pre-mRNA has undergone splicing, it is converted into mature mRNA, which can then be transported to the cytoplasm for translation.
Pre-mRNA processing is a crucial step in gene expression regulation in eukaryotic cells. After transcription, the pre-mRNA molecule contains both introns and exons. Introns are non-coding regions that do not contain instructions for protein synthesis, while exons are the coding regions that contain the protein-coding sequences, option C is correct.
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The complete question is:
"Which of the following has to be ""tailed"" before it migrates to the cytoplasm?Group of answer choices, pick one:
A.mRNA
B.tRNA
C.pre-mRNA
D.rRNA"
All of the following adaptations allow for reproduction on land except
external fertilization.
eggs with sufficient food supply.
desiccation-resistant eggs.
amniotic eggs.
External fertilization (a) is the adaptation that does not allow for reproduction on land, while the other adaptations listed (b, c, d) enable successful reproduction in terrestrial environments.
The adaptation that does not allow for reproduction on land is a. external fertilization. External fertilization refers to the process of fertilization that occurs outside the body, typically in aquatic environments. This method is commonly observed in many aquatic organisms, where eggs and sperm are released into the water, and fertilization takes place externally.
On the other hand, the remaining adaptations listed (b. eggs with sufficient food supply, c. desiccation-resistant eggs, and d. amniotic eggs) are all adaptations that enable reproduction on land.
b. Eggs with sufficient food supply: Land-dwelling organisms, such as reptiles and birds, produce eggs with a sufficient food supply to support the developing embryo. These eggs contain nutrients and protective structures that allow for successful development outside of water.
c. Desiccation-resistant eggs: Many terrestrial organisms, including insects and amphibians, have evolved desiccation-resistant eggs. These eggs have specialized membranes and structures that prevent them from drying out in dry environments, enabling them to survive and develop on land.
d. Amniotic eggs: Amniotic eggs are a defining feature of reptiles, birds, and monotremes. These eggs have a specialized protective membrane called the amnion, which surrounds the developing embryo and provides a stable internal environment. This adaptation allows for the development and hatching of embryos on land.
Overall, external fertilization (a) is the adaptation that does not allow for reproduction on land, while the other adaptations listed (b, c, d) enable successful reproduction in terrestrial environments.
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