why might scientists be wary of the results of a single experiment testing a particular treatment, even when the results are peer reviewed and statistically significant

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The results may not be true for humans if the experiment used a model organism.

Explanation:

An animal model is an animal species used in research that mimics diverse human traits/features such as, for example, human response to certain diseases. Thus, animal models may provide useful information related to human developmental biology and human diseases (i.e., prevention, diagnosis, treatment, etc). However, in general, experiments involving animal models cannot be used to predict human outcomes. For example, in genetics, animal models exhibit different features to humans, including but not limited to genomes (i.e., different number and structure of chromosomes), genes, gene regulatory pathways, epigenetics gene regulatory mechanisms, etc. In consequence, animal tests may be unreliable and therefore their results cannot be directly extrapolated to human subjects.


Related Questions

why do brown bears and polar bears have different seal fat

Answers

Answer:

አየ ጰነ የጰ ጰ የ የ የጰ የ ጰየጰየጰየ ኸየጰ

what is the geological carbon cycle

Answers

Answer:

Geologic carbon sequestration is the process of storing carbon dioxide (CO2) in underground geologic formations. The CO2 is usually pressurized until it becomes a liquid, and then it is injected into porous rock formations in geologic basins.

Explanation:

Answer: Geologic carbon sequestration is the process of storing carbon dioxide (CO2) in underground geologic formations.

Which organ works in the digestive AND excretory systems? *

Pancreas
Liver
Small intestine
EsophagusWhich body systems need water to function properly?

Answers

1. The liver
2. Kidney

las consecuencias de la sobreexplotación de los recursos naturales

Answers

Answer:

Destrucción de hábitats naturales, tanto terrestres como marinos y otros acuáticos. Destrucción de ecosistemas de todo tipo. Extinción de especies animales y vegetales. Interrupción de las redes y relaciones tróficas.

Explanation:

Why do asexually reproducing organisms not benefit from recombination? Explain.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

While asexual reproduction only involves one organism, sexual reproduction requires both a male and a female. Some plants and unicellular organisms reproduce asexually. Most mammals and fish use sexual reproduction. Some organisms like corals and komodo dragons can reproduce either sexually or asexually. But in the long term (over several generations), lack of sexual reproduction compromises their ability to adapt to the environment because they do not benefit from the genetic variation introduced by sexual reproduction.The key difference between sexual and asexual reproduction is that sexual reproduction involves two parents of the opposite sex while asexual reproduction involves a single parent.

The ability to reproduce and produce a new generation of the same species is one of the fundamental characteristics of a living organism. It involves the transmission of the genetic material from the parental generation to the offspring generation, ensuring the characteristics of the species and perpetuating the characteristics of parental organisms. Before a new individual reaches its own reproductive stage, it normally has to go through a period of growth and development. Some members of the species will die before they reach reproductive age due to predation, disease and accidental death. So the remaining species will only able to produce more offspring and contribute to the continuation of the species. There are two basic types of reproduction; namely, asexual and sexual reproduction.

Answer:

Recombination only occurs when 1/2 of the strand from each parent is used, in which parts of the strand may be used to create the new strand. Asexually reproducing organisms don't benefit rom recombination, because frankly there is no other strand in which recombination can be used. Instead, the most the recombination can occur is within it's own strand, which means that essentially there is less combinations then if two strands are used. As such, asexually reproducing organisms would look more or less the same.

~

how are electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves the same?

bots get mass reported, no bad answers bad answers get reported, you get brainlyest if you answer first

Answers

Answer:

Both electromagnetic and mechanical waves are the movement of energy. They can be measured in the same ways too. The amplitude, frequency, and wavelength are ways to represent the measurements of waves. Additionally, they both have crests and troughs. Finally, both can be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted.

which nutrients are present in solution x?

Answers

here is an explanation sorry if it’s long :/


Nutrients are chemical substances found in every living thing on Earth. They are necessary to the lives of people, plants, animals, and all other organisms. Nutrients help break down food to give organisms energy. They are used in every process of an organism’s body. Some of the processes are growth (building cells), repair (healing a wound), and maintaining life (breathing).

Plants and other autotrophs absorb nutrients from soil and water. Autotrophs are organisms that can make their own food. The most important nutrients they need are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Other nutrients needed by plants are nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur.

From these basic nutrients, plants and other autotrophs synthesize, or create, their own nutrients, such as sugars. The human body can also synthesize some nutrients, such as amino acids. However, most organisms need nutrients created by autotrophs. People and animals get most of their nutrients from food.

Essential nutrients are nutrients that the human body is unable to synthesize. They must be obtained from food or water. Essential nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.


The frequency of a wave does not change as it passes from one medium to another.
What will most likely happen if a light wave moves from the air into a solid?

O The wavelength of the light wave will increase.
O The speed of the light wave will decrease.
O The wavelength of the light wave will remain the same.
O The speed of the light wave will remain the same.

Answers

Answer:

The speed of the light waves will decrease

The frequency of a wave does not change as it passes from one medium to another.The wavelength of the light wave will increase. Thus, option A is correct.

What is a frequency table?

The columns of the frequency table are two. The categories of the data are listed in the first column. The frequency of each category, or the number of the data values in the category, is listed in the second column.

The distribution of the observations based on a variable's possible values is shown in a frequency table. To understand the alternatives appear more or less often in the dataset, frequency tables are the useful. This has been considered as useful for better understanding each variable and determining whether or not variables need to be recorded.

Therefore, the frequency table has been just a two-column "t-chart" or table that lists all of the potential outcomes and their corresponding frequencies as seen in a sample.

To know more about the frequency table click on the link below:

brainly.com/question/27820465

#SPJ7

Case summary

Diagnosis

Using Anthony's symptoms and initial lab results, describe how you diagnosed that the

problem was kidney failure.


Treatment Goals

Describe the treatment goals for dialysis.

Answers

Answer:

Through symptoms.

Explanation:

We diagnosed the problem was a kidney failure due to the decreased urine output , swelling in your legs, ankles or feet, shortness of breath, fatigue, confusion, Nausea and Weakness. The main symptom is the swelling in legs, ankles or feet that tells about kidney failure. The treatment goal of Hemodialysis is to filter waste products and water from your blood. I works just like the kidneys. This treatment is used when the kidney fails to filter waste materials inside the body.

Usually for the initial diagnosis of possible renal failure, there are complaints of pain in the lower back and little urine.

What is dialysis and how does it work?

Hemodialysis is the procedure by which a machine filters and cleans blood, doing some of the work that the diseased kidney cannot do. The procedure removes harmful waste from the body, such as excess salt and fluids.

Among the tests that make the diagnosis of acute renal failure are:Measurements of urine outputUrine testsBloodtestsImaging tests, such as ultrasound and CT scanRemoval of a kidney tissue sample for testing (biopsy).

With this information, we can conclude that normally for the initial diagnosis of possible renal failure, there are complaints of pain in the lower back and little urine.

Learn more about Renal failure in brainly.com/question/8011334

state resource planners are asked to decide how a natural area might be converted for agricultural use. How could the planners minimize adverse impacts to biodiversity

a. planners can require that different types of crops be planted

b. planners can require that pesticides be used to remove insects

c. planners can replace native plants with drought resistant plants

d. planners can request that wetlands be drained and streams straightened

Answers

Answer: C

Explanation:

planners can replace native plants with drought resistant plants

not sure about the answer.

which of the organelle is responsible for manufacturing food in plants cell?
1. Plastid.
2. Large Vacuole.
3. Cell wall.
4. Nucleus.
5. Centrosome.

Answers

Answer:

Plastids

Explanation:

it would be chloroplast, but since that's not an option, Plastids will contain foods

Answer:

nucleus because it controls the reproduction

How are abiotic and biotic factors different from each other?

Answers

Answer:

Biotic is all the living things that affect organisms; abiotic is the nonliving factors such as pH, temperature, oxygen, amount of sunlight.

Explanation:

Biotic is living

Abiotic is non living

I need help!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

fossil evidence, biogeographical evidence, and anatomical evidence.

HELP I GIVE BRAINLEST Which of the following is true about an


estuary?


It is all fresh water.


It is all salty water.


It has very few organisms.


It is affected by tides.

Answers

Answer:

The last one since estuaries are highly affected and are dependent on tides

Answer:

all fresh

Explanation:

The vesicles involved in endo/exocytosis are surrounded by a phospholipid membrane.
A. True

B. False

Answers

Answer: true

just trust me its true easy

Answer:

A. True

Explanation:

Yeah, the vesicles involved in the endocytosis & exocytosis are surrounded by a phospholipid membrane.

tempo dari lagu awan putih adalah​

Answers

Answer:

anooooooooooooo wala ako maintindihan

Select all the correct answers.
When people run quickly, they can sweat profusely. Their muscles undergo movement, and the loss of energy takes place. Based on this description, in which two ways is energy conserved when people run?

1. Heat energy is released from the body to the surroundings.

2. Heat energy is taken from the surroundings to the body.

3.Chemical energy is converted to mechanical energy that’s used for muscle movements.

4.Radiant energy is converted to mechanical energy that’s used for muscle movements.

5.Heat energy is converted to mechanical energy that’s used for muscle movements.

Answers

When we run, we sweat, which means we're getting hotter and hotter and our bodies need to cool down, which they do through transpiration (sweating). If we need to cool down, we need to release the heat that is in our bodies.

To run, we also need to move our muscles, which requires a specific type of energy, called mechanical or kinetic energy, which is the "energy of movement". In our bodies, we don't store that type of energy though, so we have to convert chemical energy to mechanical energy.

Answers:

⭕Heat energy is released from the body to the surroundings.

⭕Chemical energy is converted to mechanical energy that’s used for muscle movements.

Answer:

Heat energy is released from the body to the surroundings.

Chemical energy is converted to mechanical energy that’s used for muscle movements.

Explanation:

50 points welp
Which best describes the movement through the nephron?

Blood is passed into the nephron and removed through the urethra.
All materials that exit the blood into the nephron are removed in the urine.
Some of the materials that exit the blood can be returned to the blood.
High quantities of sugars and water are excreted in the urine.

Answers

Answer:

If multi-question/answer:

Blood is passed into the nephron and removed through the urethra.

Once waste materials exit the blood, they are removed in the urine.

Some of the materials that exit the blood can be returned to the blood

If one question/answer:

Blood is passed into the nephron and removed through the urethra.

Answer:

C. Some of the materials that exit the blood can be returned to the blood.

Explanation:

Draw a Graff
Please ​

Answers

Answer:

The table of values for the population of phagocytic cells is presented as follows;

[tex]\begin{array}{cccccccc}Time \ (in \ minutes) &0&30&60&90& 120&150&5\\The \ number \ of \ phagocytic \ cells&0&20&40&100&150&180&180\end{array}[/tex]

From the plot of the data points using MS Excel, a straight line/ approximately directly proportional relationship between the time, and the number of phagocytes cells such that as the time elapsed increases, the number of cells also increases

Explanation:

Human activity can be very disruptive to an
ecosystem. Part of the forest shown in the picture
was clear-cut for timber harvesting. Will this
forested area change via primary or secondary
succession? Explain.

Answers

Secondary succession i think! i’m not sure though.

secondary succession: animals recolonize after a disturbance such as a fire/destruction of their habitat (deforestation)

primary succession: devastation begins in a lifeless area.

in this case, the forest had living organisms, therefore, i don’t think it can be primary.


How is the process of translation essential for the regular functions in a
living thing? (HS-LS1-1) *

a.Translation is a process where the cell changes DNA into RNA
b.Translation is a process where the cell uses DNA to create viruses
c.Translation is a process where the cell uses DNA to create proteins
d.Translation is a process where the cell changes DNA into bacteria used for digestion
Other:

Answers

Answer:

I think the answer is A I think

3. A black chicken and a white chicken are crossed. Complete the Punnett Square and find the probability (%)
of having:
White chickens:
TEXT
HERE
TEXT
HERE
Black chickens:
TEXT
HERE
TEXT
HERE
TEXT
HERE
Spotted chickens:
I
TEXT
HERE
TEXT
TEXT
HERE
HERE

Answers

Is this a joke? Or a real question?

HELP ME Which of the following is true about an

estuary?

It is all fresh water.

It is all salty water.

It has very few organisms.

It is affected by tides.

Answers

it is all fresh water!

Answer:

all fresh

Explanation:

Some factories have started using large tanks of bacteria to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. As more factories start to do this, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could decrease over time. If this happens, and if energy coming from the sun and the amount of carbon dioxide being put into the atmosphere otherwise stay the same, what would happen to the total amount of energy in the Earth system and to global average temperature

Answers

Answer:

The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will be reduced if more factories started using bacteria to capture carbon dioxide

Explanation:

There will be more that will reach the Earth System than exited as combustion introduced carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, so the total amount of energy in the system will increase.


If a dog has 76 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the cells produced from mitosis have?

Answers

Answer:

152 or 38 (The question was written in a way that I couldn't fully understand)

Explanation:

Mutation that causes the entire down stream sequence of DNA to be read incorrectly.

A. Frameshift
B. Point Mutation
C. Non-disjunction
D. None of these

Answers

Answer:

A)FRAMESHIFT

Explanation:

The offspring in binary fission are
identical
different

Answers

identical is the answer to the question

Answer:

Identical

Explanation:

Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction. This is when only one parent is involved in creating offspring. Since there is only one parent, two sets of DNA cannot be combined into a new offspring; so, it must be identical.

Pls help I need to turn this in today

Answers

I got printing press as an invention made during the middle ages
the answer is printing press

plz give this answer ​

Answers

Answer:

I only know a few

1. aluminum

5.copper

4.zinc

2.sulphur ( specifically vulcanization of sulphur )

During the process shown above, the two strands of one DNA molecule are unwound. Then, DNA polymerases add complementary nucleotides to each strand which results in the formation of two identical DNA molecules.
\

Answers

Answer:

This question is incomplete as it lacks image, however, it can be answered based on the description. The complete part of the question is:

" This process is known as dna _______. A.) transcription B.) translation C.) cloning D.) replication

The answer is D. replication

Explanation:

DNA replication is the process whereby a DNA molecule is duplicated to form to identical copies of itself. The process of DNA replication is very pivotal and must occur prior to any cell division.

This process follows the semi-conservative model in which the double-stranded DNA molecule unwounds into two separate single strands. The single strands are then used as template for the synthesis of another complementary strands by DNA polymerase enzyme. At the end, the two DNA molecules are identical in base sequence.

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