Explanation:
A reaction at equilibrium essentially means that the number of reactants and products is constant (but not necessarily equal) and continue to be constant until a change is imposed on the system.
What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?
Answer:
PE=mgh
m=mass
g=gravity
h=height
Hello. The answer should be like this in below.
[tex]PE_{gravitational}=m.g.h[/tex]The variable "[tex]m[/tex]" represents the mass. It is a constant value for every substance and is assumed not to change over time.
The variable "[tex]g[/tex]" is the acceleration of gravity. It has a constant value and the numerical value of the gravitational constant for the planet we live on (Earth) is [tex]9.81m/s^2[/tex].
The variable "[tex]h[/tex]" is the distance between sea level and the center of mass of the object. (Height) The unit is meter.
Low pressure is usually located over the ; high air pressure is usually located over the?
Low pressure is usually located near the equator whereas high air pressure is usually located over the North and South Poles.
Areas in low latitudes close to the equator are alluded to as the tropics. Sunlight hits the Earth’s surface there at a high angle. It is about a 90° point all year round. As a result, the tropics receive more sunlight per unit of surface range than other places on Earth. This causes the arrival, the water, and then the air at the equator to always be warm. At scopes close to the North Pole and the South Pole, sunlight strikes Earth’s surface at a low angle. Sunlight is spread over a larger surface region than within the tropics. This implies that the poles receive exceptionally small energy per unit of the surface zone and so they are cooler. Since that warm air rises and cold air sinks. Warm air is much less denser than cold air. Rising warm air puts less pressure on Earth than cooler air. Air pressure is ordinarily low over the tropics because it is as a rule warm there. Air pressure is as a rule high over colder zones such as the North and South Posts.
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4.40 L of a gas is collected at 323 K. What will be its volume upon cooling to 298 K
4.40 L of a gas is collected at 323 K. The volume of this gas upon cooling to 298 K will be
To calculate the volume upon cooling, we will use the Charles law.
Charles law states that, Volume and the temperature of a gas are directly proportional to each other if there is a fixed amount of gas present at a fixed amount of pressure.
This law is given as -
V ∝ T
V/T = constant.
where,
V = volume
T = temperature
Using this equation, we will find the new volume -
substituting values -
V₁ = V₂
T₁ T₂
4.40 = V₂
323 298
V₂ = 4.40 x 298
323
V₂ = 4.05 L
Therefore, the new volume upon cooling will be 4.05 L.
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an 8.63 g sample of a compound of platinum and chlorine is analyzed as containing 2.30 g of chlorine. what mass of platinum would be in a 37.0 g sample of this compound?
The mass of platinum present in a 37g sample of this compound is calculated to be 27.136 g
To determine the mass of platinum we first determine the empirical formula as follows;
chlorine: mass / molar mass = 2.30 / 35.453 = 0.065 moles
platinum: mass / molar mass = 6.33 / 195.084 = 0.032 moles
Now dividing each of the calculated mole values by the smallest number of moles;
chlorine: 0.065 / 0.032 = 2.03 ≈ 2
platinum : 0.032 / 0.032 = 1
Therefore the empirical formula would be [tex]PtCl_{2}[/tex]
Now we have to find the mass of platinum in 37g of [tex]PtCl_{2}[/tex];
mass of platinum / total mass = x / 37
x / 37 = ( 195.084)/(195.084 + 2×35.454)
x / 37 = 0.73342
x = 37 × 0.73342
x = 27.136
Hence the mass of platinum in a 37g sample of this compound is calculated to be 27.136 g
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In a constant-pressure calorimeter of negligible heat capacity, 25 ml of 1. 00 m cacl2 is mixed with 25 ml of 2. 00 m kf, resulting in solid caf2 precipitating out of the solution. During this process, the temperature of the water rises from 25. 0°c to 26. 7°c. Assume the specific heat capacity of the solution is 4. 184 j/°c•g and the density of the solution is 1. 00 g/ml. Calculate the enthalpy of precipitation in kj per mole of caf2 precipitated.
The enthalpy of the process could be obtained as -14.22 kJ/mol.
What is the enthalpy?We have to find the number of moles of the calcium chloride from;
1. 00 M * 25/1000L = 0.025 moles
Number of moles of the calcium fluoride = 2.00 M * 25/1000 L = 0.05 moles
Given that 1 mole of calcium chloride reacts with 2 moles of calcium fluoride
0.025 moles of calcium chloride reacts with 2 moles * 0.025 moles/1 mole
= 0.05 moles
Hence, calcium chloride is the limiting reactant.
The total mass of the solution = 25 ml + 25 ml = 50 ml
Mass of the solution = 50 g
The heat lost = -( 50 g * 4. 184 j/°c•g * (26. 7°c * 25. 0°c)) * 10^-3/0.025 moles
= -14.22 kJ/mol
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The Noble gas with the biggest atomic radius
A- Helium
B- Neon
C- Argon
D- Krypton
Answer:
the answer is A-Helium
Explanation:
trying to reach 20
how are cells organized to make up organisms
The organization of cells happens in the following way, firstly cells are organized into tissues, which are organized into organs, organs are organized into organ systems, which form your whole body.
The biological organization exists at all levels in organisms. It can be seen at the smallest level, in the molecules which are made up of such things as DNA and proteins, to the largest level, in an organism such as the blue whale (largest mammal on Earth). Similarly, single-celled prokaryotes and eukaryotes demonstrate the order in which their cells are arranged.
Single-celled organisms like amoeba are free-floating and independent living. Their single-celled "bodies" can carry out all the processes of life, such as metabolism and respiration, without any help from other cells. Other single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, can group and form a biofilm. A biofilm is a large group of bacteria that sticks to a surface and makes a protective coating to cover itself. Biofilms can show similarities to multicellular organisms. Division of labor is the process in which one group of cells does a single job (such as making the "glue" that sticks the biofilm to the surface) while another group of cells carries out another job (such as taking in nutrients).
Multicellular organisms execute their life processes through the division of labor. They consist of specialized cells that do specific jobs. However, biofilms don't come under multicellular organisms and are instead called colonial organisms. The difference between a multicellular organism and a colonial organism is that individual organisms from a colony or biofilm can, if separated, survive on their own, while cells from a multicellular organism (e.g., liver cells) cannot.
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for the following tell whether it is a pure substance, mechanical mixture, solution suspension or colloid.
white milk
pepsi
oxygen
vinegar
vegetable salad
White milk is a colloidal solution, Pepsi is a solution, Oxygen is a pure substance, vinegar is a solution and vegetable salad is a mechanical mixture.
Pure substances have a stable or unchanging structure and ar created from only one form of particle. parts and compounds ar subclasses of pure substances. a cloth that only contains one kind or category of atom is alleged to be a component.
In contrast to a chemical composition, a mechanical mixture has components that can be separated mechanically.
A solution is an amalgam of ions or molecules (very, very small).
A suspension may appear cloudy or muddy due to the greater particle sizes present.
Sol is another name for a colloidal solution. Colloidal particles make up the dispersed phase in a sol, which has a continuous medium known as the dispersion medium.
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In the titration of acetic acid and naoh, the use of the color indicator requires that excess base be added in order to detect the endpoint. Will this cause the calculated and reported mass percent of acetic acid in vinegar to be too high or too low? explain.
In the titration of acetic acid and NaOH using an indicator, the reported mass percent of acetic acid is higher.
To indicate the color shift, a small amount of base is applied to the indicator. This yields the titration end point. It should be emphasized that this tiny surplus of base is used by the indication rather than the titre. This indicates that titration has already been finished, and the added base helps elevate pH, causing the indicator to change hue.
[tex]M_{acid} V_{acid} = M_{base} V_{base}[/tex]
[tex]V_{base}[/tex] will be somewhat higher, resulting in a slightly higher estimated value of [tex]M_{acid}[/tex].
[tex]M_{acid} = M_{base} V_{base} / V_{acid}[/tex]
This mistake is insignificant since very little excess is required for the indicator to change color.
During the titration of NaOH versus [tex]CH_3COOH[/tex] using indicator, the number of [tex]OH^-[/tex] ions required to reach the end point equals the number of [tex]H^+[/tex] ions from the analyte, [tex]CH_3COOH[/tex] plus the number of [tex]H^+[/tex] ions from the indicator, resulting in a slightly higher calculated molarity of acetic acid and a higher reported mass percent of acetic acid.
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How would you define the flashlight as a system? What are the inputs and outputs? What are the parts of the system?
Answer:
A miniature keychain lamp produces one or two lumens
I just need help finding the last part which is the % of composition of unknown Ni compound
The % of composition of unknown Ni compound is 5869 %
Composition is the act of combining part or element to form a whole and it is also refer to arrangement type and ratio of atom and molecule in the chemical substances
Here we have to find % composition of Ni compound = ?
For % composition = mass of element/molecular mass × 100
Mass of Ni = 58.69 u
For % composition of unknown Ni compound = 58.69 u × 100
For % composition of unknown Ni compound = 5869 %
% composition = 5869 %
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Consider the rate law below.R=k[A][B]^2What effect does doubling the concentration of each reactant have on the rate?-The rate increases to two times the original rate.-The rate increases to four times the original rate.-The rate increases to six times the original rate.-The rate increases to eight times the original rate.
Answer
The rate increases to eight times the original rate.
Explanation
When the concentration of each reaction is doubled, the rate increases by eighth compared to the initial rate.
Example: Rate =k[A][B]^2
Lets assume : [A]1 = 0.1 and [A]2 = 0.2
[B]1 = 0.2 and [B]2 = 0.4
Initially: Rate = (0.1)(0.2)^2 = 4x10^-3
After doubling: Rate = (0.2)(0.4)^2 = 0.032
Divide the final answer by the initial one
=> 0.032/4x10^-3 = 8
When copper sulphide ares are roasted in a furnace, sulphur dioxide SO₂, forms. What is the molar mass of SO,?
Answer:
48.059
Explanation:
Find on periodic table and add
32.06+15.99
Which of the following statements explains why atoms are always neutral in charge
They have the same number of protons as the atoms of all other elements.
They have protons that are identical to the protons of all other elements.
They have the same size as the atoms of all other elements.
They have the same number of protons as electrons.
Answer:
D. They have the same number of protons as electrons.
Explanation:
Protons are found in the nucleus of the atom and have a positive charge while electrons orbit around the nucleus and have a negative charge. Usually, in a neutral atom of an element, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. This is why the atom has no charge because the positive and negative charges cancel out. When an atom loses an electron its charge turns positive while when it gains an electron its charge turns negative.
If two students in a lab are asked to calculate the density of a block with a mass of 31.0 g; they are not told how many digits to round their measurements. Student A finds length to be 2 cm width to be 4 cm and height 8 cm. Student B finds the length to be 2.65 cm, width to be 4.20 cm, and height to be 8.35 cm. Do you think their measurements will both be accurate? Why or why not?
Please answer in a complete sentence(s)!
We can see here that the both measurements are accurate. This is the true because the both values are in the correct number of significant figures.
What is density?The term density has to do with the ratio of the mass to the density of the object. We know that the accuracy of a measurement has a lot to do with the number of significant figures in the measurement. In this case, we are told that two students in a lab are asked to calculate the density of a block with a mass of 31.0 g; they are not told how many digits to round their measurements. Student A finds length to be 2 cm width to be 4 cm and height 8 cm. Student B finds the length to be 2.65 cm, width to be 4.20 cm, and height to be 8.35 cm.
For the first student, the density is obtained as;
Density = mass/ volume
= 31.0 g/ 2 cm * 4 cm * 8 cm
= 0.5 g/cm^3
For the second student;
Density = mass/ volume
= 31.0 g/2.65 cm * 4.20 cm * 8.35 cm
= 0.33 g/cm^3
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antacids neutralize the hydrochloric acid in your stomach. what is the correct neutralization reaction of stomach acid with milk of magnesia ( m g ( o h ) 2 ) ?
Antacids neutralize the hydrochloric acid in your stomach the correct Neutralization reaction of stomach acid with milk of magnesia is
Mg(OH)2(s) + 2HCl(aq) ==> MgCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
Heartburn, indigestion, and upset stomach can be treated with antacids, which neutralize stomach acid. Some antacids have been used to treat diarrhea and constipation. Marketed antacids include sodium, calcium, magnesium, or aluminum salts. Some medications have two salts in combination, like magnesium carbonate and aluminum hydroxide.
In a chemical reaction known as neutralization an acid and a base interact quantitatively. By neutralizing a reaction in water, surplus hydrogen or hydroxide ions are removed from the solution.
Because milk of magnesia is an alkaline suspension, anything acidic it comes into contact with triggers a neutralizing reaction. Because of this, when taken internally, it effectively combats excess stomach acid.
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rhenium has two naturally occurring isotopes: re-185 with a natural abundance of 37.40% and re-187 with a natural abundance of 62.60%. the sum of the
Baased on the percent abundances and relative atomic masses of its two naturally occuring isotopes, the average atomic mass of rhenium is 186.252 amu.
To calculate the average atomic mass of rhenium, we need to multiply the relative atomic mass of each isotope with its corresponding percent abundance, and then add the results up.
So, for Re-185:
185 amu * 0.374 = 69.19 amu
(amu = atomic mass unit)
And for Re-187:
187 amu * 0.626 = 117.062
Now we add these two up to reach the average atomic mass of rhenium:
69.19 amu + 117.062 amu = 186.252 amu
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the rate constant for a reaction is found to be 0.15 m-1s-1. if the initial concentration of the reactant is 0.30 m, how long (in seconds) does it take for the concentration to decrease to 0.15 m?
A reaction's rate constant is discovered to be 0.15 . If the initial concentration of the reactant is 0.30 m, 22.2 sec of time does it take for the concentration to decrease to 0.15 m.
1/[A]t=kt+1/[A]o
t=(1/[A]t−1/[A]o)/k=(1/0.15−1/0.30)/0.15=22.2seconds
Mathematically, time and other physical quantities can be coupled to create additional ideas like motion, kinetic energy, and time-dependent fields. The basis of recordkeeping is timekeeping, a complex of technological and scientific challenges. Time is change, or the span of time during which change takes place with motion. Without a change, it is impossible to detect the passage of time. Comparison with a standard is used to calibrate the length of time or change.The SI unit of time is called the second, abbreviated as s. Time can be used to quantify, compare, or even order events based on their duration or the intervals between them. One method of making efficient use of resources is to use time study and motion study, which enhance output and performance.
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For each of the following compounds, state whether it is ionic or covalent. If it is ionic, write the symbols for the ions involved:
(a) NF3
(b) BaO
(c) (NH4)2CO3
(d) Sr(H2PO4)2
(e) IBr
(f) Na2O
For each of the following compounds, state whether it is ionic or covalent.
(a) covalent compound
(b) ionic compound
(c) ionic compound
(d) ionic compound
(e) covalent compound
(a) NF₃ , nitrogen trifluoride is covalent. the nitrogen and fluorine are nonmetallic elements. they form bond by the sharing of electron.
(b) BaO , barium oxide is an ionic compound.
symbol of ions = Ba²⁺ O²⁻
(c) (NH₄)₂CO₃ , ammonium carbonate is an ionic compound.
symbol of ions = NH₄⁺ CO₃²⁻
(d) Sr(H₂PO₄)₂ , strontium dihydrogen phosphate is an ionic compound.
symbol of ion = Sr²⁺ (H₂PO₄)⁻
(e) IBr , iodine monobromide is a covalent compound.
Thus, For each of the following compounds, state whether it is ionic or covalent.
(a) covalent compound
(b) ionic compound
(c) ionic compound
(d) ionic compound
(e) covalent compound
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What controls the movement of air masses on the surface of the earth?
A. Movements of rain clouds
B. Directions of ocean currents
C. Gravitational pull of the moon
D. Patterns of heating and cooling
a beaker containing 0.400g khp was titrated with naoh solution. the pale pink end point was reached after 18.66ml of naoh solution was dispensed. what is the molarity of the naoh solution
The molarity of the sodium hydroxide, NaOH solution, given that 18.66 mL was used is 0.107 M
How do I determine the molarity of NaOH?We'll begin by obtaining the mole of NaOH. This can be obatined as follow:
Mass of KHp = 0.4 gMolar mass of KHP = 204.22 g/molMole of KNO₃ = 0.4 / 204.22 = 0.002 moleKHP + NaOH -> KNaP + H₂O
From the balanced equation above,
1 mole of KHP reacted with 1 mole NaOH.
Therefore,
0.002 mole of KHP will also react with 0.002 mole of NaOH.
Finally, we shall determine the molarity of the NaOH solution. Details below:
Mole of NaOH = 0.002 moleVolume = 18.66 mL = 18.66 / 1000 = 0.01866 LMolarity of NaOH = ?Molarity = mole / volume
Molarity of NaOH = 0.002 / 0.01866
Molarity of NaOH = 0.107 M
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How did the Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory clarify what Svante Arrhenius was not able to explain in his theory of acids and bases regarding ammonia?
Svante Arrhenius theory suggests that in order for a substance to release either H+ or OH- ions, it must contain that particular ion. However, this does not explain the weak base ammonia (NH3), In Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory, acids are defined as proton donors; whereas bases are defined as proton acceptors.
What is ammonia?With the chemical formula NH3, ammonia is a nitrogen and hydrogen inorganic compound. Ammonia is a colorless gas with a strong, pungent odor.
It is a stable binary hydride and the most basic pnictogen hydride. In terms of biology, it is a typical nitrogenous waste, especially among aquatic organisms, and it significantly contributes to the nutritional requirements of terrestrial organisms by acting as a precursor to 45 percent of the world's food and fertilizers.
Approximately 70% of ammonia is used to create fertilizers, including urea and diammonium phosphate, in a variety of shapes and compositions. Additionally, pure ammonia is sprayed onto the ground.
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which statement about chemical reactions is true?
A) The reaction rates are always constant
B) The reaction rates can increase
C) The reaction rates cannot change
D) The reaction rates cannot decrease
The statement about chemical reaction is true is :
B) The reaction rate can increase.
A) The rates are always constant is not true. for a chemical reaction, the rate of chemical reaction does not remains constant because rate depends on the concentration of reactants.
B) The rate of reaction can increase is true . for a chemical reaction , the rate of reaction can be increase by increasing the concentration of reactant.
C) The rate of reaction cannot change is not true.
D) The rate of reaction cannot decreases is not true . reaction rates
decreases with time .
Thus, The statement about chemical reaction is true is :
B) The reaction rate can increase.
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A phenol red solution changes color as ph changes. What molecule will cause a decrease in ph as its levels increase?.
A phenol red solution changes color as there is change in pH. A molecule that will cause a decrease in pH as its levels increase is an acid. Acids are molecules that release H+ ions in solution, and this increase in H+ ions decreases the pH of the solution.
A decrease in pH indicates an increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. One molecule that can cause this is carbonic acid (H2CO3). Carbonic acid is formed when carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water and reacts with water molecules to form H+ and HCO3- ions. The H+ ions increase the acidity of the solution and decrease the pH.
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a 150.0 – g sample of a metal at 75.0 oc is added to 150.0 g h2o at 15.0 oc. the temperature of the water rises to 18.3 oc in a closed and insolated container. calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal.
150.0 g of a metal sample heated to 75.0 oC is introduced to 150.0 g of water heated to 15.0 oC. In a sealed, dark container, the water's temperature rises to 18.3 oC. The metal's specific heat is 0.24 J/g of temperature.
Specific heat is the amount of energy needed to raise a substance's temperature by one degree Celsius per gramme. Typically, the units of specific heat are calories or joules per gramme per degree Celsius. The specific heat of water, for instance, is 1 calorie (or 4.186 joules) per gramme per degree Celsius. In the 18th century, the Scottish scientist Joseph Black noted that equivalent masses of various substances required varying quantities of heat to elevate them across the same temperature range. Based on this discovery, he developed the theory of specific heat. Early in the 19th century, French physicists Pierre-Louis Dulong and Alexis-Thérèse Petit proved that calculating a substance's atomic weight is possible by measuring its specific heat (see Dulong-Petit law).
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you know that the boiling point of a given liquid is dependent on several different variables. what would happen to the boiling point of a liquid if the volume of the liquid was doubled?
The boiling point would remain unchanged, because boiling point does not depend on the volume of the liquid.
What is a boiling point?
The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the pressure around it and the liquid transforms into a vapor is known as the boiling point of a material. A liquid's boiling point changes according on the atmospheric pressure in the area.
A liquid's boiling point changes depending on the pressure being applied; the normal boiling point is the temperature at which the vapour pressure is equal to the average atmospheric pressure at sea level (760 mm [29.92 inches] of mercury). Water boils at sea level at 100° C (212° F).
Hence, the boiling point will remain unchanged.
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calculate the volume of carbon dioxide given off at r.t.p., when 0.9 grams of glucose ferments : C6H12O6--> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
The volume of carbon dioxide given off when 0.9 grams of glucose ferments is 0.22414 Liters.
The molecular weight of glucose is 180 grams/mole. Moles of glucose are calculated by the mass of glucose divided by molecular weight.
Moles of glucose = 0.9 ÷ 180 = 0.005
According to the stoichiometry of the reaction C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2, moles of CO2 produced by the fermentation of glucose are two times the moles of glucose. So, the moles of CO2 produced are 0.01
At r.t.p., the volume of 1 mole of any gas is measured to be 22.214 L
hence, the volume of 0.01 moles of CO2 = 0.01 × 22.214 = 0.22214 L
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A student balances the following redox reaction using half-reactions.
Al+Mn
2+
→A1³+
+Mn
How many electrons will be lost in all?
O 1
02
5
06
6 electrons are lost in all in redox reaction between aluminium and manganese ion as aluminium looses 3 electrons to get oxidized and manganese get 2 electrons to get reduced hence 3×2=6 electrons are lost.
What are redox reactions?Redox reactions comprise of two parts a reduced part and an oxidized part, which occur simultaneously . The part which is reduced gain electrons and hence there is a increase in oxidation state of the species.
While, the part which is oxidized looses electrons and hence there is a decrease in oxidation state of the species. Electrons which are given off in oxidation are used up in reduction.
The ion or molecule which accepts electrons is called as oxidizing agent while the ion or molecule which donates electrons is called as a reducing agent.
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in a 4.00 l pressure cooker, water is brought to a boil. if the final temperature is 115.0 °c at 4.50 atm, what quantity in moles of steam are in the cooker?
The no. of moles of steam present in the cooker is found to be 0.565 mol using the ideal gas equation.
The ideal gas equation, states that the sum of the universal gas constant and the absolute temperature of a gas is equal to the product of the volume and pressure of one gram of an ideal gas.
The ideal gas equation is PV = nRT. The ideal gas's pressure, volume, total no. of moles, universal gas constant, and temperature are all represented in this equation by the symbols P, V, n, R, and T, respectively.
The no. of moles of a substance is calculated by dividing its mass during a chemical reaction by the mass of one mole of that substance.
Given:
Pressure, P = 4.50atm
Volume, V = 4L
Temperature, T = 115℃ = 273 + 115 = 388K
To find:
No. of moles, n = ?
Formula:
PV = nRT
Calculations:
n = 4.50 x 4 / 0.082 x 388
n = 0.565 mol
Result:
By using the ideal gas equation, 0.565 mol of steam is found to be present in the cooker.
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determine the mass of water formed when 12.5 l nh3 (at 298 k and 1.50 atm) is reacted with 18.9 l of o2 (at 323 k and 1.1 atm).
16.934 grams of water is formed when 12.5 liter NH3 (at 298 k and 1.50 atm) is reacted with 18.9 l of o2 (at 323 k and 1.1 atm).
Using the formula of ideal gas equation PV = RT
Where P is pressure, V is volume, R is Avogadro’s constant and T is temperature
We calculate the given as,
number of NH3 = n1
n1= PV/RT
= 0.7663 moles
number of moles of O2 = n2
n2 = 0.784 moles
now, - 5 moles of O2-------------6 moles of H20
hence, 0.784 moles will give
6 x 0.784 / 5 = 0.941 moles of H2O
0.941 moles of H2O = 16.934 gms
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