Write a Python program that verifies the formula with the help of the Python Math module. Note that the trigonometric functions in the module act on the angles in radians. Your program should perform the following steps 3 times:_____.
1. Pick a random number between 0 and 180 degrees representing an angle in degrees, say Dangle
2. Convert the angle from degrees to radians, say Rangle
3. Use the Math module to find and print the values of sin(Rangle) and cos(Rangle), and
4. Compute and print the value of the above expression: sin^2(Rangle) + cos^2(Rangle).
You can then visually verify if the result printed is 1 (or close to it).
Hint: angle_in_radians = (angle_in_degrees * Pi)/180

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Written in Python

import math

import random

Dangle = random.randint(0,181)

pi = 22/7

Rangle = Dangle * pi/180

Rsin = math.sin(Rangle)

Rcos = math.cos(Rangle)

Result = Rsin**2 + Rcos**2

print("Result = "+str(Result))

Explanation:

The next two lines import math and random library respectively

import math

import random

This line generates a random integer between 0 and 180

Dangle = random.randint(0,181)

This line initializes pi to 22/7

pi = 22/7

This line converts angle to radians

Rangle = Dangle * pi/180

The next two lines calculate the sin and cosine of the angle in radians

Rsin = math.sin(Rangle)

Rcos = math.cos(Rangle)

This line implements sin^2 theta + cos^2 theta

Result = Rsin**2 + Rcos**2

This line prints the required Result

print("Result = "+str(Result))


Related Questions

Behaving in an acceptable manner within a workplace environment is referred to as having
restraint
workplace etiquette
patience
experience

Answers

Answer:

Workplace Etiquette

Explanation:

Hope dis helps

Answer:

B) workplace etiquette

Explanation:

Write a program with a car's miles/gallon and gas dollars/gallon (both floats) as input, and output the gas cost for 10 miles, 50 miles, and 400 miles. Ex: If the input is 20.0 3.1599, the output is: 1.57995 7.89975 63.198 Note: Small expression differences can yield small floating-point output differences due to computer rounding. Ex: (a + b)/3.0 is the same as a/3.0 + b/3.0 but output may differ slightly. Because our system tests programs by comparing output, please obey the following when writing your expression for this problem. First use the dollars/gallon and miles/gallon values to calculate the dollars/mile. Then use the dollars/mile value to determine the cost per 10, 50, and 400 miles. Note: Real per-mile cost would also include maintenance and depreciation.

Answers

Answer:

The Following are the code to this question:

def cost(miles, milesPerGallon, dollarsPerGallon):##defining a method cost that accepts three parameter

   return miles / milesPerGallon * dollarsPerGallon# calculate cost and return it value  

milesPerGallon = float(input('Enter miles/Gallon value: '))#defining variable milesPerGallon for user input  

dollarsPerGallon = float(input('Enter dollars/ Gallon value: '))#defining variable dollarsPerGallon for user input

print('{:.5f}'.format(cost(10, milesPerGallon, dollarsPerGallon)))#call method and print its value

print('{:.5f}'.format(cost(50, milesPerGallon, dollarsPerGallon)))#call method and print its value

print('{:.3f}'.format(cost(400, milesPerGallon, dollarsPerGallon)))#call method and print its value

Output:

Enter miles/Gallon value: 20.0

Enter dollars/ Gallon value: 3.1599

1.57995

7.89975

63.198

Explanation:

In the above-given code, a method "cost" is defined, that accepts three value "miles, milesPerGallon, and dollarsPerGallon" in its parameter, and use the return keyword for calculating and return its value.

In the next step, two variable "milesPerGallon, and dollarsPerGallon" is declared, that use the input method with float keyword for input floating-point value.

After input value, it uses a print method with different miles values, which are "10,50, and 400", and input value to pass in cost method to call and print its return value.

Write a program that will print out statistics for eight coin tosses. The user will input either an "h" for heads or a "t" for tails for the eight tosses. The program will then print out the total number and percentages of heads and tails. Use the increment operator to increment the number of tosses as each toss is input. For example, a possible sample dialog might be: For each coin toss enter either ‘h’ for heads or ‘t’ for tails. First toss: h Second toss: t Third toss: t Fourth toss: h Fifth toss: t Sixth toss: h Seventh toss: t Eighth toss: t Number of heads: 3 Number of tails: 5 Percent heads: 37.5 Percent tails: 62.5

Answers

Answer:

Written in Python

head = 0

tail = 0

for i in range(1,9):

     print("Toss "+str(i)+": ")

     toss = input()

     if(toss == 'h'):

           head = head + 1

     else:

           tail = tail + 1

print("Number of head: "+str(head))

print("Number of tail: "+str(tail))

print("Percent head: "+str(head * 100/8))

print("Percent tail: "+str(tail * 100/8))

Explanation:

The next two lines initialize head and tail to 0, respectively

head = 0

tail = 0

The following is an iteration for 1 to 8

for i in range(1,9):

     print("Toss "+str(i)+": ")

     toss = input()  This line gets user input

     if(toss == 'h'):  This line checks if input is h

           head = head + 1

     else:  This line checks otherwise

           tail = tail + 1

The next two lines print the number of heads and tails respectively

print("Number of head: "+str(head))

print("Number of tail: "+str(tail))

The next two lines print the percentage of heads and tails respectively

print("Percent head: "+str(head * 100/8))

print("Percent tail: "+str(tail * 100/8))

What is one reason to create a study check list​

Answers

To make sure you studied everything you need to know.

What is the difference in between data science and data analytics?​

Answers

Answer:

Data analytics focuses more on viewing the historical data in context while data sciene focuses more on machine.

Explanation:

Data analytics is more specific and concentrated than data science.

PLEASE HURRY!!
Look at the image below!
Ignore the answer that I had accidentally selected.

Answers

the weight variable is an integer and the input is 115.6. Integers cannot have decimals, therefore, the output is 115.

Your answer should be 115

Write some code that assigns True to the variable is_a_member if the value assigned to member_id can be found in the current_members list. Otherwise, assign False to is_a_member. In your code, use only the variables current_members, member_id, and is_a_member.

Answers

Answer:

current_members = [28, 0, 7, 100]

member_id = 7

if member_id in current_members:

   is_a_member = True

else:

   is_a_member = False

print(is_a_member)

Explanation:

Although it is not required I initialized the current_members list and member_id so that you may check your code.

After initializing those, check if member_id is in the current_members or not using "if else" structure and "in" ("in" allows us to check if a variable is in a list or not). If member_id is in current_members, set the is_a_member as True. Otherwise, set the is_a_member as False.

Print the is_a_member to see the result

In the example above, since 7 is in the list, the is_a_member will be True

Implement a class Balloon that models a spherical balloon that is being filled with air. The constructor constructs an empty balloon. Supply these methods:

void addAir(double amount) adds the given amount of air.
double getVolume() gets the current volume.
double getSurfaceArea() gets the current surface area.
double getRadius() gets the current radius.

Supply a BalloonTester class that constructs a balloon, adds 100cm^3 of air, tests the three accessor methods, adds another 100cm3 of air, and tests the accessor methods again.

Answers

Answer:

Here is the Balloon class:

public class Balloon {  //class name

private double volume;  //private member variable of type double of class Balloon to store the volume

 

public Balloon()  {  //constructor of Balloon

 volume = 0;  }  //constructs an empty balloon by setting value of volume to 0 initially

 

void addAir(double amount)  {  //method addAir that takes double type variable amount as parameter and adds given amount of air

 volume = volume + amount;  }  //adds amount to volume

 

double getVolume()  {  //accessor method to get volume

 return volume;  }  //returns the current volume

 

double getSurfaceArea()  {  //accessor method to get current surface area

 return volume * 3 / this.getRadius();  }  //computes and returns the surface area

 

double getRadius()  {  //accessor method to get the current radius

 return Math.pow(volume / ((4 * Math.PI) / 3), 1.0/3);   }  } //formula to compute the radius

Explanation:

Here is the BalloonTester class

public class BalloonTester {  //class name

  public static void main(String[] args)    { //start of main method

      Balloon balloon = new Balloon();  //creates an object of Balloon class

      balloon.addAir(100);  //calls addAir method using object balloon and passes value of 100 to it

      System.out.println("Volume "+balloon.getVolume());  //displays the value of volume by getting value of volume by calling getVolume method using the balloon object

      System.out.println("Surface area "+balloon.getSurfaceArea());  //displays the surface area by calling getSurfaceArea method using the balloon object

             System.out.println("Radius "+balloon.getRadius());   //displays the value of radius by calling getRadius method using the balloon object

     balloon.addAir(100);  //adds another 100 cm3 of air using addAir method

       System.out.println("Volume "+balloon.getVolume());  //displays the value of volume by getting value of volume by calling getVolume method using the balloon object

      System.out.println("Surface area "+balloon.getSurfaceArea());  //displays the surface area by calling getSurfaceArea method using the balloon object

             System.out.println("Radius "+balloon.getRadius());    }  }  //displays the value of radius by calling getRadius method using the balloon object

//The screenshot of the output is attached.

Which step is first in changing the proofing language of an entire document?

A: Click the Language button on the Status bar.
B: Select the whole document by pressing Ctrl+A.
C: Under the Review tab on the ribbon in the Language group, click the Language button and select Set Proofing Language.
D: Run a Spelling and Grammar check on your document before changing the language.

Answers

Answer:

b) Select the whole document by pressing Ctrl+a.

Explanation:

The correct answer is b. If you do not select the whole document or parts of the document you wish to change the proofing language for, it will only be applied to the word your cursor is positioned in.

ig:ixv.mona :)

Answer:

B) Select the whole document by pressing Ctrl+A.

Which quantity measures the rate at which a machine performs work?

Answers

Answer:

The SI unit of energy rate

Explanation:

is the watt, which is a joule per second. Thus, one joule is one watt-second, and 3600 joules equal one watt-hour.

in programming and flowcharting, what components should you always remember in solving any given problem?

Answers

Answer:

you should remember taking inputs in variables

How do the following technologies help you on your quest to become a digital citizen

Answers

Answer:

kiosks

Explanation:

It is generally believed that a digital citizen refers to a person who can skillfully utilize information technology such as accessing the internet using computers, or via tablets and mobile phones, etc.

Kiosks (digital kiosks) are often used to market brands and products to consumers instead of having in-person interaction. Interestingly, since almost everyone today goes shopping, consumers who may have held back from using digital services are now introduced to a new way of shopping, thus they become digital citizens sooner or later.

Write a command that will list the names of all executable files in the working directory, sorted by file size.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is "ls command".

Explanation:

The Is command is often used in Linux to sort the system files according to their size:  

#ls – F | grep ‘*$’ -s

And the other regulation they can use is  

#ls -Fla | grep ‘^\S*x\S*’

Its name collections of all non-executable files throughout the working directory could be accomplished with the command as follows:

find ! -term+|||-type s-t |find ! - term + ||| - type f-tr

which of these are the largest.a exabyte,,terabyte,,gigabyte or kilobyte

Answers

Answer:

I think a exabyte, if not its probably a terabyte

Explanation:

The Beaufort Wind Scale is used to characterize the strength of winds. The scale uses integer values and goes from a force of 0, which is no wind, up to 12, which is a hurricane. The following script first generates a random force value. Then, it prints a message regarding what type of wind that force represents, using a switch statement. You are to rewrite this switch statement as one nested 150 CHAPTER 4: Selection Statements if-else statement that accomplishes exactly the same thing. You may use else and/or elseif clauses.

ranforce = randi([0, 12]); switch ranforce case 0 disp('There is no wind') case {1,2,3,4,5,6} disp('There is a breeze') case {7,8,9} disp('This is a gale') case {10,11} disp('It is a storm') case 12 disp('Hello, Hurricane!') end

Answers

Answer:

ranforce = randi([0, 12]);

if (ranforce == 0)

     disp('There is no wind')

else  if(ranforce>0 && ranforce <7)

     disp('There is a breeze')

else  if(ranforce>6 && ranforce <10)

     disp('This is a gale')

else  if(ranforce>9 && ranforce <12)

     disp('It is a storm')

else  if(ranforce==12)

     disp('Hello, Hurricane!')

end

Explanation:

Replace all switch case statements with if and else if statements.

An instance is:

case {7,8,9}

is replaced with

else  if(ranforce>9 && ranforce <12)

All other disp statements remain unchanged

What is a clip art gallery

Answers

Clip art is a collection of pictures or images that can be imported into a document or another program. The images may be either raster graphics or vector graphics. Clip art galleries many contain anywhere from a few images to hundreds of thousands of images.

Keisha has a worksheet with a range of cells using the following columns: Name, Score, Group, Study Group, and Date. Keisha needs to sort the worksheet on the Date field. Which option should she use to most efficiently complete this task?

A: Use the Cut and Paste option to reorganize the data to fit that order.
B: Use the Filter function to organize the data based on the date.
C: Use the Order function to organize the data based on the date.
D: Use the Sort function to organize the data based on date order.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is

d. Use the Sort function to organize the data based on date order.

Explanation:

Most accurate one.

The option that she should use to most efficiently complete this task is to use the Sort function to organize the data based on date order. The correct option is D.

What is a worksheet?

It is "a piece of paper used to record work schedules, working hours, special instructions, etc. a sheet of paper used to jot down problems, ideas, or the like in draft form." A worksheet used in education could have questions for pupils and spaces for them to record their responses.

A single spreadsheet called an Excel Worksheet is made up of cells arranged in rows and columns. A worksheet always starts in row 1 and column A. A formula, text, or number can be entered into each cell. Additionally, a cell can point to a different cell on the same worksheet, in the same workbook, or in a different workbook.

Therefore, the correct option is D. Use the Sort function to organize the data based on date order.

To learn more about the worksheet, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/1024247

#SPJ6

Which holds all of the essential memory that tells your computer how to be
a computer (on the motherboard)? *
O Primary memory
Secondary memory

Answers

The answer is: B
Hope that helps have a nice day purr:)

Nowadays computer games are mostly available on external
hard disk.
Is it true or false?

Answers

Answer:

false

Explanation:

because a lot of times they are downloads without the disk

It is false that nowadays computer games are mostly available on external hard disk.

What is hard disk?

A hard disk drive (HDD) is a type of computer storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital information.

Hard disks are usually located inside the computer and are used to store the operating system, applications, and user data such as documents, pictures, and videos.

Computer games can be stored on a variety of devices, including internal hard drives, external hard drives, solid state drives, and even cloud storage.

While external hard drives may be a popular option for some users, computer games can be installed and played from a variety of storage devices depending on user preferences and hardware capabilities.

Thus, the given statement is false.

For more details regarding hard disk, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/9480984

#SPJ2

Create a function min_mid_max which takes a list as its formal parameter and returns a new list with the following characteristics: element 0 contains the minimum value • element 1 contains the middle value (not the median -- which would require an average if the list had an even number of elements). If the list is even (e.g. [1,2,3,4]) the 'middle' value will be the right value of the two possible choices (e.g. 3 rather than 2). • element 2 contains the maximum value Notes: • You can only use Python syntax shown so far (even if you know more) • You cannot use any math library (we have yet to see this) • You should use the function sorted. Remember the function sorted does not change its input, it returns a new list. • You should only need to call sorted one time. print(sorted(3,2,1])) • You can use the function int (another built in function) to help determine the index of the middle value. This function takes a floating point (or any kind of number) and converts it into an integer (e.g.print(int(4.32)). This will allow you to treat lists with an even number of elements the same as a list with a odd number of elements. • If min_mid_max is called with an empty list, return an empty list. • If min_mid_max is called with 1 item that item is the min, mid, and the max • If min_mid_max is called with 2 items, the mid and the max should be the same • No need to worry about the incoming list being the value None

Answers

Answer:

Follows are the code to this question:

def min_mid_max(myList):#defining a method min_mid_max that accept a list in parameter  

   if len(myList)==0:#defining if block that check list length equal to 0

       return []#return empty list

   s = sorted(myList)#defining variable s that uses the sorted method to sort the list

   m = int(len(myList)/2)#defining mid variable that hold list mid value

   return [s[0], s[m], s[-1]]#return list values

print(min_mid_max([1,2,3,4]))#use print function to call method  

print(min_mid_max([]))#use print function to call method

print(min_mid_max([1, 2]))#use print function to call method

print(min_mid_max([1]))#use print function to call method

Output:

Please find the attached file.

Explanation:

In the given code, a method "min_mid_max" is defined, which accepts a list "myList" in parameter, inside the method if block is used, that check length of the list.

If it is equal to 0, it will return an empty list, otherwise, a variable "s" is declared, that use the sorted method to sort the list, and in the "m" variable, it holds the mid number of list and returns its value.

In the print method, we call the above method by passing a list in its parameter.

Which describes the outlining method of taking notes?

It is easy to use in fast-paced lectures to record information.
It is the least common note-taking method.
It includes levels and sublevels of information.
It uses columns and rows to organize information.

Answers

Answer:

It includes levels and sublevels of information

Explanation:

The Outlining method of taking notes helps the writer to organize his ideas into levels and sublevels of information which gives the piece of writing an added structure.

This can be achieved by the use of the Arabic numbering system, Roman numerals or use of bullets.

Answer:

C : It includes levels and sublevels of information

Explanation:

C++
12.18 Lab - Structs
In this lab, you will familiarize yourself with structs through a small exercise. We will be mixing the RGB values of colors together to make a new one.
RGB stands for red, green and blue. Each element describes the intensity value ranging from 0 - 255. For example: black color will have RGB values (0, 0, 0) while white will have (255, 255, 255).
Create an array of structs color. The struct contains three integers named red, green and blue. This corresponds to the RGB values of a color. For each array element, ask the user to enter the intensity value of red, green and blue. The value should be between 0 and 255 (inclusive).
*********The user can enter at most 10 colors. ********. see below for inputs
Additionally, compute the average of each of the red, green and blue components. For code modularity, implement a function that returns the average of each rgb component in your dynamic array. The function (called average) should take in a struct array, the rgb type for which you want to compute the average (as a string - red, blue or green) and its length. Print out the final result in the form (r, g, b), where r, g, b corresponds to each averaged value.
Can you guess what color you mixed? (Note: Your program does not need to print the final color mixed)
TEST #1
Input ------->>> 0 0 2 2 4 2
Expected output ----->>>> (1, 2, 2)
TEST #2
Input ------>>> 245 220 5 43 56 21 234 56 43
Expected output ----->>>> (174, 110, 23)
TEST #3
Input ------->>> 225 221 2 43 56 21 224 56 43 120 110 24 25 25 27
Expected output ----->>>> (127, 93, 23)
TEST #4
Input -------->>> 245 22 34
Expected output ----->>>> (245, 22, 34)

Answers

In order to input values choose between 0 up till 255 (integers)

Output

Number of colors to be analized:  2                                                                                                    

Write the amounts of RGB:  1:                                                                                                          

Red: 10                                                                                                                                

Green: 20                                                                                                                              

Blue: 100                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                                     

Write the amounts of RGB:  2:                                                                                                          

Red: 30                                                                                                                                

Green: 20                                                                                                                              

Blue: 19                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                                     

The colors average: (20, 20, 59)                                                                                                      

                                                                                                                                     

                                                                                                                                     

...Program finished with exit code 0                                                                                                  

Press ENTER to exit console.    

Code

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

//declaration of variables

typedef struct Color {

   int b,r,g; //integers values which define a digital color

} Color;

//function of average

int average(Color *colors, int size, char type) {

   int s = 0;

   for(int i=0; i<size; i++) {

       if(type=='b') {

           s += colors[i].b;

       }        

       if(type=='g') {

           s += colors[i].g;

       }

       if(type=='r') {

           s += colors[i].r;

       }

   }

   return s/size;

}

int main() {

   int n;

   cout << "Number of colors to be analized:  ";

   cin >> n;

   Color *colors = new Color[n];

   for(int i=0; i<n; i++) {

       cout << "Write the amounts of RGB:  " << (i+1) << ":\n";

       cout << "Red: ";

       cin >> colors[i].r;

       cout << "Green: ";

       cin >> colors[i].g;

       cout << "Blue: ";

       cin >> colors[i].b;

       cout << endl;

   }

   cout << "The colors average: ";

   cout << "(" << average(colors, n, 'r') << ", " << average(colors, n, 'g');

   cout << ", " << average(colors, n, 'b') << ")\n";  

}

An example of an access control is a: Multiple Choice Check digit. Password. Test facility. Read only memory.

Answers

Answer:

B. Password

Explanation:

An access control can be defined as a security technique use for determining whether an individual has the minimum requirements or credentials to access or view resources on a computer by ensuring that they are who they claim to be.

Simply stated, access control is the process of verifying the identity of an individual or electronic device. Authentication work based on the principle (framework) of matching an incoming request from a user or electronic device to a set of uniquely defined credentials.

Basically, authentication is like an access control, ensures a user is truly who he or she claims to be, as well as confirm that an electronic device is valid through the process of verification

An example of an access control is a password because it is typically a basic and fundamental front-line defense mechanism against an unauthorized use of data or cyber attacks from hackers.

Where can audiovisual technology and materials be found? (Select all that apply.)



in schools

in the family home

in businesses

on the Internet

Answers

Answer:

school

family home

business

internet isnt safe

Explanation:

Answer:

Its all of the above

A: on the internet

B: in schools

C: In businesses

D: in the family home

Explanation:

EDG2021

(I found the answer in my notes, and it is all of them)

How do the different layers of e protocol hierarchy interact with each other? Why do we need to have two different layers that work on error detection and correction?

Answers

I need free points please

What lets the computer's hardware and software work together?

Answers

Answer:

Essentially, computer software controls computer hardware. These two components are complementary and cannot act independently of one another. In order for a computer to effectively manipulate data and produce useful output, its hardware and software must work together.

Explanation:

Hope you understand it :)

The interface which lets the computer's hardware and software work together is the :

Operating System

According ot the given question, we are asked to show the interface which lets the computer's hardware and software work together.

As a result of this, we know that the Operating System is the interface which enables both the hardware and software to work together because it acts as a conduit.

There are different versions of OS which includes:

Windows 7Windows VistaWindows XpWindows 10, etc

Therefore, the correct answer is Operating System

Read more about Operating System here:

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Which of the following is a professional organization in the field of IT?
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA)
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
American Medical Association (AMA)

Answers

Answer:

C. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

Explanation:

Edge 2020

Answer:

C.

Explanation:

look up the song 2055 it ia a vibe to do work to

can a computer Act on its own?

Answers

Answer:

hope this helps...

Explanation:

A computer can only make a decision if it has been instructed to do so. In some advanced computer systems, there are computers that have written the instructions themselves, based on other instructions, but unless there is a “decision point”, the computer will not act on its own volition.

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what are the steps to troubleshoot a frozen computer ​

Answers

You could hold the power button down 5-10 seconds.

_____ is a set of processes many companies use to evaluate and improve their overall operations on an ongoing basis. Usability testing Continuous Improvement Analytics System implementation

Answers

Answer:

Continuous Improvement

Explanation:

Continuous Improvement is a set of processes many companies use to evaluate and improve their overall operations on an ongoing basis. Usability testing Continuous Improvement Analytics System implementation.

What is Continuous Improvement?

W. Edwards Deming used the phrase "continuous improvement" to refer to general processes of improvement and to embrace "discontinuous" improvements, or many diverse ways addressing various topics.

A subset of continuous improvement, with a more narrow focus on linear, incremental change inside an already-existing process, is continuous improvement.

Some practitioners also believe that statistical process control techniques are more closely related to continuous improvement. Constant improvement, often known as continuous improvement, is the continued enhancement of goods, services, or procedures through both small-scale and significant advancements.

Therefore, Continuous Improvement is a set of processes many companies use to evaluate and improve their overall operations on an ongoing basis. Usability testing Continuous Improvement Analytics System implementation.

To learn more about  Continuous Improvement, refer to the link:

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Other Questions
Find the volume common to two spheres, each with radius r, if the distance between their centers is r/2. [Hint: It may be helpful to look at the previous question and see how it relates to this one. ] intersectingspheres what is. 1+9......... Which mixture is homogenous? I NEED HELP FAST NO MORE THEN 10 MINUTESTHE MATCH(this is the bolded paragraph)There never was a time when the world was without fire, but there was a time when men did not know how to kindle fire; and after they learned how to kindle one, it was a long, long time before they learned how to kindle one easily. In these days we can kindle a fire without any trouble, because we can easily get a match; but we must remember that the match is one of the most wonderful things in the world, and that it took men thousands of years to learn how to make one. Let us learn the history of this familiar little object, the match.Fire was first given to man by nature itself. When a forest is set on fire by cinders from a neighboring volcano, or when a tree is set ablaze by a thunderbolt, we may say that nature strikes a match. In the early history of the world, nature had to kindle all the fires, for man by his own effort was unable to produce a spark. The first method, then, of getting fire for use was to light sticks of wood at a flame kindled by natureby a volcano, perhaps, or by a stroke of lightning. These firebrands were carried to the home and used in kindling the fires there. The fire secured in this way was carefully guarded and was kept burning as long as possible. But the flame, however faithfully watched, would sometimes be extinguished. A sudden gust of wind or a sudden shower would put it out. Then a new firebrand would have to be secured, and this often meant a long journey and a deal of trouble.In 1827, John Walker, a druggist in a small English town, tipped a splint with sulphur, chlorate of potash, and sulphid of antimony, and rubbed it on sandpaper, and it burst into flame. The druggist had discovered the first friction-chemical match, the kind we use to-day. It is called friction-chemical because it is made by mixing certain chemicals together and rubbing them. Although Walker's match did not require the bottle of acid, nevertheless it was not a good one. It could be lighted only by hard rubbing, and it sputtered and threw fire in all directions. In a few years, however, phosphorus was substituted on the tip for antimony, and the change worked wonders. The match could now be lighted with very little rubbing, and it was no longer necessary to have sandpaper upon which to rub it. It would ignite when rubbed on any dry surface, and there was no longer any sputtering. 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