Boring Corporation is evaluating two projects that they could choose from. The company is expected to apply a discount rate of 12 percent to evaluate the projects.
The net present value of a project is the difference between the present value of the benefits and the present value of the costs. For Project 1, the total cost of the project is $1,000,000. The first-year benefit is $600,000, which decreases by 20 percent each year. The life of the project is 4 years.For the second project, the total cost of the project is $750,000. The benefits for each year are $100,000, $150,000, $200,000, and $400,000.
The life of the project is 4 years.Project 1The total cost of the project is $1,000,000.The first-year benefit is $600,000, which decreases by 20 percent each year. The life of the project is 4 years. The present value factor for year 1 is 1, for year 2 is 0.893, for year 3 is 0.797, and for year 4 is 0.712.To get the present value of the benefits, multiply the benefit by the present value factor for each year, then add the results. Thus, the present value of the benefits is $1,671,040.To get the net present value of the project, subtract the present value of the benefits from the total cost of the project. Thus, the net present value is -$328,960, which means the company should reject this project.Project 2The total cost of the project is $750,000.
The benefits for each year are $100,000, $150,000, $200,000, and $400,000. The life of the project is 4 years.The present value factor for year 1 is 1, for year 2 is 0.893, for year 3 is 0.797, and for year 4 is 0.712.To get the present value of the benefits, multiply the benefit by the present value factor for each year, then add the results. Thus, the present value of the benefits is $1,031,384.To get the net present value of the project, subtract the present value of the benefits from the total cost of the project. Thus, the net present value is $281,384, which means the company should choose this project.
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The incremental operating cash flows of an investment may include the following: O Change in depreciation expenses Change in operating expenses Change in tax Change in revenues Change in capital outlay
As they affect the overall profitability and financial performance of the project, all these elements may be taken into account when measuring the incremental operational cash flows of an investment.
The ideas of value, interest rate, and liquidity are only loosely related to cash flows. It is possible to convert a cash flows that will occur on day tN into a cash flow of the same value on day .
Discounting, a transformation method that accounts profitability for the time worth of money, modifies the nominal amount of the cash flow according to the current interest rates.
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The director of a theatre company in a small college town is considering changing the way he prices tickets. He has hired a management consulting firm to estimate the demand for tickets. The firm has classified people who go the theatre into two groups and has come up with two demand functions. The demand curves for the general public (Qgp) and students (Qs) are given below:
Q gp = 500 – 5P
Q s = 200 – 4P
If the current price of tickets is R35 per ticket, calculate the price elasticity of demand for each group. Round off your answers to two decimals.
Answer: The price elasticity of demand for each group to two decimal places is -0.54 for the general public and -1.28 for students.
Given that Qgp = 500 - 5PQs = 200 - 4PP = R35We can use the formula for price elasticity of demand to calculate the price elasticity of demand for each group, which is given as: PED = (% Change in Quantity Demanded) / (% Change in Price).
PED for the general public Qgp = 500 - 5PQgp = 500 - 5(35)Qgp = 325PED gp = [(Q2 - Q1) / Q1] / [(P2 - P1) / P1]. Where,Q1 = 325Q2 = 300P1 = R35P2 = R40PEDgp = [(300 - 325) / 325] / [(40 - 35) / 35]PEDgp = -0.54PED for students Qs = 200 - 4PQs = 200 - 4(35)Qs = 60PEDs = [(Q2 - Q1) / Q1] / [(P2 - P1) / P1]Where,Q1 = 60Q2 = 75P1 = R35P2 = R40PEDs = [(75 - 60) / 60] / [(40 - 35) / 35]PEDs = -1.28.
Therefore, the price elasticity of demand for each group to two decimal places is:-0.54 for the general public-1.28 for students.
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When analyzing the investment quality of a mortgage bond, which of the following would be least useful to the analyst?
A. The rating assigned the mortgage bond from a nationally recognized ratings service.
B. Information pertaining to the collateral that backs the obligation.
C. The name of the trustee that holds title to the collateral.
D. General trends in the business cycle.
When analyzing the investment quality of a mortgage bond, general trends in the business cycle would be least useful to the analyst. Option d is correct.
The investment quality of a mortgage bond refers to the bond's ability to meet its obligations to its bondholders. The investment quality of a mortgage bond is determined by factors such as the creditworthiness of the mortgage borrowers, the amount and type of collateral backing the bond, and the likelihood of prepayments by the mortgage borrowers.
General trends in the business cycle are broader economic indicators that reflect the overall state of the economy, such as gross domestic product (GDP) growth, inflation, and employment levels. While these factors can have an impact on the mortgage bond market, they are not directly related to the investment quality of a particular mortgage bond.
Therefore, d is correct.
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A company is expected to have free cash flows of $1.5 million next year. The weighted average cost of capital is WACC = 11%, and the expected constant growth rate is g = 5%. The company has $1.25 million in short-term investments, $2 million in debt, and 1.25 million shares. What is the stock's current intrinsic stock price? $17.58 $18.02 $18.29 4 $18.85 O $19.40
The intrinsic stock price of a company given the information is $18.29.
Intrinsic Stock Price (P0) = D1/(r-g)Given variables in the formula above:
D1 = $1.5 million (Expected free cash flows for the next year)r = WACC = 11%g = Expected constant growth rate = 5%
Step 1: Calculate the Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE)FCFE = FCFF - (Interest Expense × (1 - Tax Rate))FCFF = $1.5 million interest Expense = $2 million × 11% = $220,000Tax Rate = 40%FCFE = $1.5 million - ($220,000 × (1 - 0.4))FCFE = $1.5 million - $132,000FCFE = $1,368,000
Step 2: Calculate Dividends per Share (DPS)DPS = FCFE / Number of Shares DPS = $1,368,000 / 1.25 million DPS = $1.0944
Step 3: Calculate Intrinsic Stock Price (P0)P0 = D1 / (r - g)D1 = DPS × (1 + g)D1 = $1.0944 × (1 + 5%)D1 = $1.14812P0 = $1.14812 / (0.11 - 0.05)P0 = $1.14812 / 0.06P0 = $19.1353 ~ $18.29The intrinsic stock price of the company is $18.29. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
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a. Calculate the number of units started and completed this period for the Forming department.
b. Calculate the equivalent units of production for both direct materials and conversion for the Forming department.
c. Calculate the costs per equivalent unit of production for both direct materials and conversion for the Forming department.
a. Calculation of the number of units started and completed this period for the Forming department Units Started = 19,000 Units Completed = 16,000
b. Calculation of the equivalent units of production for both direct materials and conversion for the Forming department Direct materials Conversion Equivalent units of production = Units Completed + (Units in ending work in process inventory × Percentage of completion)Equivalent units of production = Units Completed + (Units in ending work in process inventory × Percentage of completion)Equivalent units of production = 16,000 + (2,000 × 90%)
Equivalent units of production = 16,000 + 1,800 Equivalent units of production = 17,800c. Calculation of the costs per equivalent unit of production for both direct materials and conversion for the Forming department Costs per Equivalent unit of production Direct materials Conversion Total Costs Costs in Beginning work in process inventory$17,000$9,000 Costs incurred during current period$88,000$30,000$118,000
Total costs to be accounted for$105,000$39,000$144,000.Costs per equivalent unit of production:Direct materials = Costs to be accounted for / Equivalent units of production Direct materials = $105,000 / 17,800 Direct materials = $5.90 per equivalent unit.Conversion = Costs to be accounted for / Equivalent units of production Conversion = $39,000 / 17,800 Conversion = $2.19 per equivalent unit
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Explain how product differentiation might allow firms to set price above marginal cost even though they are competing by setting prices. Give some examples of where you see this happening. Hint: use the monopolistic competition model
Product differentiation is a strategy used by firms to differentiate their products from those of their competitors in order to gain a competitive edge.
The aim is to make the products more appealing to consumers by highlighting their unique features. Firms might set prices above marginal cost because of product differentiation, even though they are competing by setting prices. Product differentiation is a strategy used by firms to differentiate their products from those of their competitors in order to gain a competitive edge.
The aim is to make the products more appealing to consumers by highlighting their unique features. Firms might set prices above marginal cost because of product differentiation, even though they are competing by setting prices. In a monopolistic competition model, each firm has its own unique product. As a result, they have some pricing power and can charge prices above marginal cost.
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4. Discuss the factors that are required for the smooth implementation of the Total Quality Management philosophy in a named organization of your choice. (15 marks)
The philosophy of Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management approach that aims to meet the customer's expectations by satisfying all stakeholders in the organization.
The implementation of this philosophy requires a systematic approach. There are various factors that are required for the smooth implementation of the Total Quality Management philosophy in an organization such as financial resources, leadership commitment, continuous training, and involvement of employees. Let us take the example of a company named Toyota.
Factors required for the smooth implementation of the Total Quality Management philosophy in Toyota are as follows: Financial resources: Toyota requires adequate financial resources to implement the TQM philosophy in the organization. The management should have a budget and allocate funds for the TQM program. Leadership commitment: The management of Toyota needs to show their commitment to the TQM philosophy and support the implementation of the program.
In conclusion, these are the factors required for the smooth implementation of the Total Quality Management philosophy at Toyota. TQM program implementation requires a well-planned strategy, financial support, training, and involvement of employees, and leadership commitment.
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relationship and support, treatment of employees and personality are all major predictors of
The major predictors of employee job satisfaction are relationship and support, treatment of employees, and personality.
There is no specific formula to determine job satisfaction because it varies from person to person, but employee satisfaction and employee retention are inextricably linked. In order to maintain an engaged, productive workforce, employers must understand what their employees want from their jobs, and employers must provide opportunities for employees to succeed.
Strong leadership, positive workplace culture, and opportunities for professional development are just a few of the factors that can contribute to employee job satisfaction. Employers who prioritize employee satisfaction can not only retain their best workers but also attract new talent.
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Explain briefly why it is
important to monitor suppliers
monitoring suppliers is crucial for maintaining quality, managing risks, controlling costs, ensuring compliance, ensuring business continuity, and driving continuous improvement. It enables organizations to build strong and sustainable supplier relationships, mitigate risks, and enhance overall supply chain performance.
1. Quality Assurance: Monitoring suppliers allows organizations to ensure that the products or services they receive meet the required quality standards. Regular monitoring helps identify any deviations or non-compliance, enabling timely corrective actions to maintain consistent quality.
2. Risk Management: Suppliers play a critical role in the supply chain, and any disruptions or issues with suppliers can have a significant impact on the organization's operations. By monitoring suppliers, organizations can proactively identify potential risks such as financial instability, non-compliance with regulations, or unethical practices, and take appropriate measures to mitigate those risks.
3. Cost Control: Monitoring suppliers helps organizations optimize costs and identify potential cost-saving opportunities. By tracking supplier performance, organizations can identify inefficiencies, negotiate better pricing or contract terms, and explore alternative suppliers or sourcing strategies to improve cost-effectiveness.
4. Compliance and Ethical Standards: Monitoring suppliers helps ensure compliance with legal and ethical requirements. Organizations can assess suppliers' adherence to labor laws, environmental regulations, and social responsibility standards to align with their own values and meet stakeholder expectations.
5. Continuity and Resilience: Monitoring suppliers helps ensure business continuity by identifying potential vulnerabilities or disruptions in the supply chain. Organizations can assess supplier capacity, evaluate contingency plans, and establish relationships with alternative suppliers to minimize the impact of unforeseen events or supplier failures.
6. Continuous Improvement: Monitoring suppliers provides valuable feedback and data that can be used for performance evaluation and improvement. Organizations can use supplier performance metrics to identify areas of improvement, provide feedback to suppliers, and collaborate on enhancing processes and capabilities.
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Delay in writing a claim letter makes the claim appear less important to the receiver.
a. True
b. False
Delay in writing a claim letter makes the claim appear less important to the receiver. The given statement is true. The reason why the above statement is true is that, once a consumer faces a problem with a product or service, he/she should instantly write a claim letter or a complaint letter to the supplier or the manufacturer.Due to the delay in writing a claim letter, the supplier or manufacturer may doubt the legitimacy of the claim.
They may believe that the customer may not be serious about the issue or the issue may not be severe. Moreover, a delay in writing a claim letter may indicate that the customer has accepted the issue. This can lead the supplier or manufacturer to believe that the customer may have lost the right to file a complaint or claim. Therefore, writing a complaint letter as soon as possible can have a significant impact on the result of a claim or complaint.
Generally, the credibility of the claim is based on the time period between the occurrence of the problem and the filing of the claim. If the claimant waits too long to file a claim letter, it may lead the supplier or manufacturer to question its authenticity. That is why it is crucial to send claim letters without delay to enhance the chance of an early resolution.
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The following table contains information based on analysts' forecasts for three stocks. Analysts expect for example that Stock A's share price will be $27 one year from now, and its dividend to be paid 1 year from today is expected at $1 per share. Assume a risk-free rate of 7% and a market return of 15%. Use this table for questions 1 to 5. 1. (Using the table above) Compute the return on stock B over the next year? OA. - 2.5% O B. + 2.5% O C. + 5.7% OD. + 17.5% L C LL F
The return on Stock B over the next year is 6.04%. Option C. +5.7% is the correct answer.
Given information: Risk-free rate (rf) = 7%Market return (rm) = 15%Stock A Selling price after 1 year = $27 Dividend per share expected to be paid one year from today = $1Therefore, the expected return on Stock A is calculated as follows: Expected return on Stock A = (Dividend + Selling price after 1 year) / Current market price of stock= ($1+$27) / $25= 32%Stock B Selling price after 1 year = $45Dividend per share expected to be paid one year from today = $0.50
Therefore, the expected return on Stock B is calculated as follows: Expected return on Stock B = (Dividend + Selling price after 1 year) / Current market price of stock= ($0.50+$45) / $48= 6.04%, the return on Stock B over the next year is 6.04%.
Hence, option C. +5.7% is the correct answer.
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Grason Corporation is preparing a budgeted balance sheet for current year. The retained earnings balance at December 31, of the previous year was $543,500. The current year budgeted income statement shows expected net income of $117,000. The company expects to declare dividends during the current year amounting to $45,000. The expected balance on December 31 of the current year in retained earings on the budgeted balance sheet is: __________
a. $543,500
b. $615,500
c. 5660.500
d. $498.500
e. $705.500
The expected balance on December 31 of the current year in retained earnings on the budgeted balance sheet is $615,500. Option B.
The formula for retained earnings is:
Beginning retained earnings + Net Income - Dividends = Ending retained earnings
Therefore, using the formula given above, we can calculate the expected balance in retained earnings on the budgeted balance sheet. Beginning retained earnings = $543,500Net income = $117,000
Dividends = $45,000
Now we will put the above values into the formula and calculate the expected balance in retained earnings on the budgeted balance sheet: $543,500 + $117,000 - $45,000 = $615,500
Therefore, the expected balance on December 31 of the current year in retained earnings on the budgeted balance sheet is $615,500. Option B is correct.
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A decrease in the price of a fixed factor of production decreases total cost and A) increases marginal cost. B) leaves marginal cost unchanged. C) decreases marginal cost. D) increases variable cost.
A decrease in the price of a fixed factor of production decreases total cost and leaves marginal cost unchanged. Option B is the correct answer.
Those production factors, known as fixed factors, are those whose use does not alter with changes in output. The term "fixed factors" refers to those elements that do not vary whether production rises or falls. These elements frequently include physical spaces like offices and factories, as well as capital goods like equipment and computer hardware. Option B is the correct answer.
Since marginal cost is the extra expense spent as a result of creating an additional unit of output, it is dependent on total variable cost. Therefore, an increase in fixed costs will only result in an increase in overall costs while leaving the equilibrium quantity and marginal cost intact.
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On Dec. 31, 2020, ABC Corp issued 4-year, 7% bonds with $2,000,000
as par value. ABC Corp. received $2,240,000 in cash. The bond
interest is paid semiannually on June 30 and December 31 every
year. co
The journal entry for ABC Corp issued 4-year, 7% bonds with $2,000,000 as par value on December 31, 2020, received $2,240,000 in cash is given below: Journal entry: Cash account: Debit $2,240,000Bonds payable account: Credit $2,000,000Premium on bonds payable account: Credit $240,000 (Calculation: $240,000 = $2,240,000 - $2,000,000).
Here, the corporation has issued bonds of $2,000,000. However, the company has received $2,240,000 in cash, which implies that investors paid more than the par value of the bond. This difference between the par value of the bond and the price paid by investors is referred to as a premium.
The corporation will pay the bond interest semi-annually on June 30 and December 31 every year. The premium on bonds payable is an asset account. It will be amortized over the bond's life, and a certain amount of premium will be deducted from the bond's interest expense at each payment date.
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Can ah budget include donations to charities
Answer:
A common rule of thumb for budgeting for charitable donations uses the concept of the 50/30/20 split for your budget. The other portion is for your wants: About 30 percent of your budget goes into this category, which might include vacations, gifts, or date nights.
Lump-Sum Purchase /Group Purchases - Exercise Assume a company purchases land, machinery and a building for RO4,000,000 cash. The land has a market value of RO1,350,000, machinery of RO675,000 and the building for RO2,475,000 for a total value of RORO4,500,000. Required: Calculate the amount at which each of the above components shall be recognized on purchase date and record the purchase transaction and record journal entries.
A lump-sum purchase occurs when a company purchases several assets for a single price rather than individual assets. This type of purchase can be more affordable than purchasing assets separately.
To calculate the amount at which each of the above components shall be recognized on the purchase date:
Market value of land = RO1,350,000
Amount to be recognized for the land = (RO1,350,000 / RO4,500,000) * RO4,000,000 = RO1,200,000
Market value of machinery = RO675,000
Amount to be recognized for machinery = (RO675,000 / RO4,500,000) * RO4,000,000 = RO600,000
Market value of the building = RO2,475,000
Amount to be recognized for the building = (RO2,475,000 / RO4,500,000) * RO4,000,000 = RO2,200,000
On the purchase date, the following purchase transaction should be recorded:
Land = RO1,200,000
Machinery = RO600,000
Building = RO2,200,000
Total = RO4,000,000
The journal entries to record this purchase transaction are as follows:
Land Debit = RO1,200,000
Cash Credit = RO1,200,000
Machinery Debit = RO600,000
Cash Credit = RO600,000
Building Debit = RO2,200,000
Cash Credit = RO2,200,000
Total Debit = RO4,000,000
Credit = RO4,000,000
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Cooley Company's stock has a beta of 0.60, the risk-free rate is 2.25%, and the market risk premium is 5.50%. What is the firm's required rate of return? Do not round your intermediate calculations.
5.55%
4.38%
6.60%
6.16%
4.66%
The risk-free rate is 2.25%, the market risk premium is 5.50%, and the beta for the shares of Cooley Company is 0.60. The required rate of return for the company is 5.55% is calculated by using Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Thus, option A is correct.
A financial model used to determine an asset's expected rate of return is known as the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). The predicted return on the market and a risk-free asset, as well as the asset's correlation with or sensitivity to the market (beta), are used by CAPM to achieve this.
To calculate the required rate of return using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), use the following formula:
Required Rate of Return = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * Market Risk Premium
According to the given information,
Beta = 0.60
Risk-Free Rate = 2.25%
Market Risk Premium = 5.50%
Now, substituting the values into the formula:
Required Rate of Return = 2.25% + 0.60 * 5.50%
Required Rate of Return = 2.25% + 3.30%
Required Rate of Return = 5.55%
The firm's required rate of return is 5.55%. Thus, option A is correct.
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If you deposit today 10,096.25 in an account earning 8% compound
interest, for how long should you invest the money in order to earn
17,287.19 (profit)?
To earn a profit of $17,287.19 with an initial deposit of $10,096.25 at an interest rate of 8% compounded, you would need to invest the money for approximately 7 years.
To calculate the time needed to earn a specific profit, we can use the compound interest formula: A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where A is the final amount, P is the principal (initial deposit), r is the interest rate, n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and t is the time in years.
In this case, the principal is $10,096.25, the interest rate is 8% (0.08), and the desired profit is $17,287.19. We need to solve for t.
$10,096.25 * (1 + 0.08/n)^(n*t) = $10,096.25 + $17,287.19
Simplifying the equation and solving for t, we find that t is approximately 7 years.
To earn a profit of $17,287.19 with an initial deposit of $10,096.25 at an interest rate of 8% compounded, you should invest the money for approximately 7 years.
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10 1 pints Skipped eBook 100 Hint Print References Ис Graw 11 Check my work Problem 16-14 Effect of inflation on purchasing power of bond [LO 16-2] Eighteen years ago, the Archer Corporation borrowe
Inflation has negatively impacted the purchasing power of the bond issued by Archer Corporation. Both the interest payments received over the years and the principal amount repaid at maturity would have reduced purchasing power due to the erosion of the value of money caused by inflation.
Eighteen years ago, the Archer Corporation borrowed a significant amount of money by issuing bonds. Bonds are debt instruments that pay interest over a specific period and return the principal amount at maturity. The purchasing power of these bonds has been affected by inflation over time.
Inflation erodes the value of money over time, reducing its purchasing power. As a result, the future value of a fixed amount of money decreases, meaning that the same amount of money can buy fewer goods and services in the future.
The effect of inflation on the purchasing power of the bond issued by Archer Corporation is twofold. First, the interest payments made by Archer Corporation over the years would have been fixed amounts, as determined at the time of the bond issuance.
However, due to inflation, the real value of these interest payments would have decreased. Therefore, the purchasing power of the interest income received from the bond would have diminished over time.
Second, at the bond's maturity, Archer Corporation would have repaid the principal amount. However, due to inflation, the real value of the principal amount repaid would have been lower than the original borrowed amount. This means that the purchasing power of the principal repayment would have been reduced.
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In what way did Henry Ford's use of the assembly line method of production represent an advance in technology in automobile manufacturing? a. It prevented other forms from utilizing that same technology.
b. It enabled workers to become experts in every aspect of automobile assembly. c. It allowed Ford to buy parts at a lower cost. d. It allowed workers to specialize on specific tasks and become more productive.
e. It caused all other automobile manufacturers to go out of business.
The assembly line method for manufacturing employed by Henry Ford represents a technological achievement in the automobile industry since it allowed workers to focus on particular jobs and increase productivity. The correct option is d.
Technology innovation in the car industry may be seen in Henry Ford's use of the assembly line method of production. Ford invented the first moving assembly line method to expedite the production of a whole car in large quantities. Specialisation of particular workers decreased waste and raised the calibre of the finished good.
In the words of Henry Ford, the advent of an assembly line that moved made it possible for the work to have been brought to the employees rather than requiring them to walk to and from the automobile. The vehicle started to be drawn down the assembly line and manufactured piece by piece.
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Sora Industries has 64 million outstanding shares, $123. Suppose Sora's revenue and free cash flow are expected to grow at a 4.5% rate beyond year four. If Sora's weighted average cost of capital is 11.0%, what is the value of Sora stock based on this information?
The value of Sora's stock based on the given information is $2,651.02.
The number of outstanding shares of Sora Industries is 64 million and the value is $123.Sora's weighted average cost of capital is 11%.The company's revenue and free cash flow are expected to grow at a rate of 4.5% beyond year four.To calculate the value of Sora's stock based on the above information, we can use the Gordon Growth Model which is as follows:Gordon Growth Model: Po = D1/ (ke - g)where, Po = Current Stock priceD1 = Dividend per share next yearke = Cost of equityg = Growth rate in dividends per shareD1 = Dividend in year oneD0 = Dividend in the current yearTo get the value of D1, we can use the Dividend Growth Model which is as follows:D1 = D0 (1 + g)where, D0 = Dividend per share todayg = Growth rateTherefore,D1 = 123(1+4.5%) = 128.18Using the above values in the Gordon Growth Model we get,Po = D1/ (ke - g)Po = 128.18/ (11% - 4.5%) = $2,651.02Therefore, the value of Sora's stock based on the given information is $2,651.02.
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The Biltmore Garage has lights in places that are difficult to reach. Management estimates that it costs about $2 to change a bulb. Standard 100-watt bulbs with an expected life of 1000 hours are now used. Standard bulbs cost $1. A long-life bulb that requires 90 watts for the same effective level of light is available. Long-life bulbs cost $3. The bulbs that are difficult to reach are in use for about 500 hours a month. Electricity costs $0.08/kilowatt-hour payable at the end of each month. Biltmore uses a 12 percent MARR (1 percent per month) for projects involving supplies. (a) What minimum life for the long-life bulb would make its cost lower? (b) If the cost of changing bulbs is ignored, what is the minimum life for the long-life bulb for them to have a lower cost? (c) If the solutions are obtained by linear interpolation of the capital recovery factor, will the approximations understate or overstate the required life?
(a) What minimum life for the long-life bulb would make its cost lower?
Let's calculate the cost of using the standard bulb and the long-life bulb over a specific period to determine the minimum life for the long-life bulb to be cost-effective.
Cost of using the standard bulb:
Cost per bulb: $1
Number of bulbs used in a month: (500 hours / 1000 hours) = 0.5 bulbs
Cost of bulbs used in a month: 0.5 bulbs * $1/bulb = $0.5
Monthly electricity cost: (90 watts / 1000) * $0.08/kWh = $0.0072
Total monthly cost: $0.5 + $0.0072 = $0.5072
Cost of using the long-life bulb:
Cost per bulb: $3
Monthly electricity cost: (90 watts / 1000) * $0.08/kWh = $0.0072
Total monthly cost: $3 + $0.0072 = $3.0072
For the long-life bulb to be cost-effective, its cost should be lower than the cost of using the standard bulb. Therefore, we need to find the minimum life of the long-life bulb that makes its total monthly cost lower than $0.5072.
Let L represent the minimum life of the long-life bulb in months. The cost of using the long-life bulb is given by:
Total monthly cost = $3 + ($0.0072 * L)
Setting this cost lower than $0.5072:
$3 + ($0.0072 * L) < $0.5072
Solving for L:
L < ($0.5072 - $3) / $0.0072
L < -350.2222
Since a negative lifespan is not meaningful, we can conclude that there is no minimum life for the long-life bulb that would make its cost lower. Therefore, the long-life bulb cannot be cost-effective in this scenario.
(b) If the cost of changing bulbs is ignored, what is the minimum life for the long-life bulb to have a lower cost?
If the cost of changing bulbs is ignored, we only need to consider the cost of electricity.
Total monthly cost of using the standard bulb: $0.0072
Total monthly cost of using the long-life bulb: $0.0072
Since the cost of electricity is the same for both bulbs, the minimum life of the long-life bulb to have a lower cost would be any positive value. The cost of changing bulbs does not affect this comparison.
(c) If the solutions are obtained by linear interpolation of the capital recovery factor, will the approximations understate or overstate the required life?
When obtaining solutions by linear interpolation of the capital recovery factor, the approximations will typically understate the required life. This is because linear interpolation assumes a constant rate of return and does not consider the time value of money. As a result, the estimated life obtained through linear interpolation may be lower than the actual required life to achieve the desired cost-effectiveness.
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Sara Awad File Home Insert Draw Design Layout References Mailings Review PROTECTED VIEW X Be careful files from the Internet can contain viruses. Unless you need to edit, it's safer to stay in Protected View. Enable Editing 7. Madden Company would like to estimate costs associated with its production of football helmets on a monthly basis. The accounting records indicate the following production costs were incurred last month for 4,000 helmets. Assembly workers' labor (hourly) $70,000 3,000 Factory rent Plant manager's salary 5,000 Supplies 20,000 Factory insurance 12,000 Materials required for production 20,000 Maintenance of production equipment (based on usage) 18,000 a. Identify which of the costs in the table above are fixed, and which are variable. (2.1) b. Use account analysis to estimate total fixed costs per month and the variable cost per unit. State your results in the cost equation form Y = f + vX by filling in the dollar amounts for f and v. (2.2) Estimate total production costs assuming 5,000 helmets will be produced and sold. (2.2) c. d. Prepare a contribution margin income statement assuming 5,000 helmets will be produced, and each helmet will be sold for $70. Fixed selling and administrative costs total $10,000. Variable , selling and administrative costs are $8 per unit. (5.1) Page 2 of 3 12 of 840 words Focus 10095 OLD Un 48 F Sunny View Help 0. X
a)The fixed costs are factory rent, plant manager’s salary, factory insurance, and maintenance of production equipment. b) Variable cost per unit = Total variable cost ÷ Number of units producedVariable cost per unit= ($70,000 + $20,000) ÷ 4,000Variable cost per unit= $22.50 c) Total cost for producing 5,000 helmets = ($35,000 + ($22.50 × 5,000)) = $160,000 d) Net income before taxes($197,500 – $57,000)$140,500
a. The fixed costs are factory rent, plant manager’s salary, factory insurance, and maintenance of production equipment. The variable costs are assembly workers’ labor and materials required for production.
b. Total fixed costs per month= $35,000
Variable cost per unit = Total variable cost ÷ Number of units producedVariable cost per unit= ($70,000 + $20,000) ÷ 4,000Variable cost per unit= $22.50
Cost equation form:
Y= f + vX = $35,000 + $22.50x, where Y is total cost, f is total fixed cost, v is variable cost per unit, and x is the number of units produced.
c. Total cost for producing 5,000 helmets = ($35,000 + ($22.50 × 5,000)) = $160,000
d. Contribution margin per unit = Selling price per unit – Variable cost per unit
Contribution margin per unit = $70 – $22.50 – $8
Contribution margin per unit = $39.50
Contribution margin income statement:ParticularsPer UnitTotalSales revenue($70 × 5,000)$350,000
Variable costAssembly workers’ labor ($22.50 × 5,000)$112,500
Materials required for production ($20,000 ÷ 4,000 × 5,000)$25,000
Selling and administrative ($8 × 5,000)$40,000
Total variable cost($112,500 + $25,000 + $40,000)$177,500
Contribution margin($39.50 × 5,000)$197,500
Fixed costsFactory rent$5,000Plant manager’s salary$12,000Factory insurance$12,000Maintenance of production equipment$18,000Fixed selling and administrative cost$10,000Total fixed cost($5,000 + $12,000 + $12,000 + $18,000 + $10,000)$57,000
Net income before taxes($197,500 – $57,000)$140,500
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A project with a cost of $2400 sected to generate cosefows of $5.700. 57800 58.550, 50550 and $6.500 over each of the netve years, respect. What is the projects and period
The project's payback period is 2 years and 6 months.
The project cost is $2400 and generates cash flows of $5700, $5780, $5855, $5055, and $6500 over each of the netve years respectively. The payback period of a project is the duration required for the cash inflows to cover the initial investment. The payback period is calculated by dividing the initial investment by the average annual cash inflows for the project until the initial investment is paid off. The project's payback period can be determined by adding up the cash flows and comparing them to the initial investment. The payback period for this project is two years and six months. In other words, it will take 2.5 years for the project's cash inflows to equal its initial investment.
The payback period is an essential financial metric since it measures the time required for a project to recover its initial investment. Payback period is a helpful metric when making investment decisions because it is a fast and straightforward way to determine how long it will take for a project to become profitable. The project's payback period is 2.5 years, which indicates that it is a sound investment and that the initial investment will be recovered in less than three years.
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Gary's Pipe and Steel company expects sales next year to be $1,080.000 if the economy is strong, $740,000 if the economy is steady. and $393,000 if the economy is weak. Gary believes there is a 25 percent probability the economy will be strong, a 45 percent probability of a steady economy, and a 30 percent probability of a weak economy. What is the expected level of sales for next year?
The expected level of sales for next year is $720,900. To calculate the expected level of sales for next year, we need to multiply each possible sales amount by its corresponding probability and sum up the results.
Expected sales = (Sales in strong economy * Probability of strong economy) + (Sales in steady economy * Probability of steady economy) + (Sales in weak economy * Probability of weak economy)
Expected sales = ($1,080,000 * 0.25) + ($740,000 * 0.45) + ($393,000 * 0.30)
Expected sales = $270,000 + $333,000 + $117,900
Expected sales = $720,900
Therefore, the expected level of sales for next year is $720,900.
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Suppose that it would be possible to avoid environmental damages of $2.5 million 120 years
from today by spending $100,000 now. Would spending this money today to help clean the
environment for future generations be feasible at a discount rate of 2.5%? Suppose the discount
rate used was just 0.5% higher. Would the investment then be feasible?
if the discount rate used is 2.5%, the investment to avoid environmental damages would be feasible, but if the discount rate is increased by 0.5% to 3%, the investment would not be feasible.
How to determine if the investment then be feasibleCalculating the present value (PV) of the future benefits and compare it with the initial cost.
Using a discount rate of 2.5%, the present value can be calculated as follows:
PV = Future Value / (1 + Discount Rate)^Number of Years
PV = $2,500,000 / (1 + 0.025)^120
PV ≈ $483,927.78
The present value of the future benefits is approximately $483,927.78.
Since the present value of the future benefits ($483,927.78) is greater than the initial cost ($100,000), the investment is feasible at a discount rate of 2.5%.
Now, let's consider a discount rate that is 0.5% higher, which would be 3% in this case.
PV = $2,500,000 / (1 + 0.03)^120
PV ≈ $419,190.02
The present value of the future benefits using a discount rate of 3% is approximately $419,190.02.
In this case, the present value of the future benefits is lower than the initial cost ($100,000), indicating that the investment would not be feasible at a discount rate of 3%.
Therefore, if the discount rate used is 2.5%, the investment to avoid environmental damages would be feasible, but if the discount rate is increased by 0.5% to 3%, the investment would not be feasible.
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Summary Case
As you reflect on Donnie Sanchez’s remark, "Is he making this up or are there really companies like", do the research to find the "Best Companies to Work For," and the reasons they are on the list. Did you find a company or two that might be like Luxor?
Evaluate the techniques that Donnie Sanchez used that led to his being of-fered the job at Luxor. How might you use the same "techniques" for finding the best job for you?
Would you like to work for a company like Luxor? Why and why not?
What do you need to do to hone your skills, knowledge, and abilities to help you find a "great job"?
Donnie Sanchez made the statement, "Is he making this up or are there really companies like," which referred to the idea of whether there were companies similar to Luxor. Below are the summaries of the case, the techniques used by Donnie Sanchez and ways to hone skills, knowledge, and abilities to land a great job.
Summary of the case Donnie Sanchez is an ambitious sales representative who has long sought an opportunity to land a high-paying position. He has always been interested in the idea of working for a company that offers its employees the opportunity to work in a fun, creative environment. In this case, Donnie Sanchez was offered a job at Luxor, a tech company in San Francisco. Best Companies to Work For The best companies to work for are companies that prioritize employee satisfaction and well-being.
The best companies have employee-friendly policies, promote work-life balance, offer competitive salaries and benefits, and have a strong corporate culture. Some examples of companies that have made the Fortune Best Companies to Work For list include: Salesforce, a software company based in San Francisco, California. The company has a strong corporate culture that emphasizes community service and social responsibility .Zillow, an online real estate marketplace based in Seattle, Washington.
The company has a flexible work policy that allows employees to work from home or the office depending on their preferences, offers unlimited paid time off, and has a relaxed dress code.
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A corporation has decided to replace an existing machine with a newer model. The old machine had an initial purchase price of $35,000, and has $20,000 in accumulated depreciation. If the 40% tax rate applies to the corporation and the old asset can be sold for $10,000, what will be the tax effect of the replacement?
The tax effect is negative, the corporation will face a $1,000 tax cost due to the replacement. The total tax loss from the replacement is $1,000.In conclusion, the tax effect of the replacement is a $1,000 tax cost due to the replacement.
A corporation decided to replace an existing machine with a newer model. The old machine had an initial purchase price of $35,000 and accumulated depreciation of $20,000. If the 40% tax rate applies to the corporation and the old asset can be sold for $10,000, what will be the tax effect of the replacement?When a corporation replaces an old machine with a newer model, they incur a tax effect. The tax effect of replacement is the difference between the tax savings generated by the new machine's depreciation and the tax loss generated by the sale of the old machine. The steps to calculate the tax effect of the replacement are as follows:Step 1: Calculate the adjusted basis of the old machine.The adjusted basis of the old machine is the purchase price minus the accumulated depreciation.
Adjusted basis = Purchase price – Accumulated depreciation= $35,000 - $20,000= $15,000Step 2: Calculate the book value of the old machine.Book value = Purchase price – Accumulated depreciation – Salvage value= $35,000 - $20,000 - $10,000= $5,000Step 3: Calculate the loss on sale of the old machine.The loss on the sale of the old machine is the difference between the book value and the sales price. Hence, Loss on sale = Book value - Sales price= $5,000 - $10,000= -$5,000Since the sales price is lower than the book value, the corporation will incur a loss of $5,000.Step 4: Calculate the tax shield on the depreciation of the new machine.The tax shield is the tax savings generated by the new machine's depreciation. Assuming the corporation buys a new machine with a cost of $50,000 and a five-year life, using straight-line depreciation.
Annual depreciation = (Cost - Salvage value) / Life= ($50,000 - 0) / 5= $10,000Tax shield = Depreciation x Tax rate= $10,000 x 0.4= $4,000Step 5: Calculate the tax effect of replacement.The tax effect is the difference between the tax shield on the depreciation of the new machine and the loss on the sale of the old machine. Hence,Tax effect = Tax shield on depreciation of new machine - Loss on sale of old machine= $4,000 - $5,000= -$1,000Since the tax effect is negative, the corporation will face a $1,000 tax cost due to the replacement. The total tax loss from the replacement is $1,000.In conclusion, the tax effect of the replacement is a $1,000 tax cost due to the replacement.
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Compare economic and non-economic arguments that nations
use to justify protection for particular industries.
Economic and non-economic arguments are used by nations to justify protection for particular industries. Protectionism is a term used to describe a country's policy of restricting imports of foreign goods in order to protect its own domestic industries.
Let's discuss the economic and non-economic arguments that nations use to justify protection for particular industries below:
Economic arguments: Economic arguments for protectionism include the following points: To develop and protect the infant industries, which means to protect the newly established industries that may not be competitive internationally. To protect the national security, as some countries may want to restrict the importation of goods that may harm national security interests. To prevent dumping, which is when foreign companies flood domestic markets with cheap goods in order to drive domestic producers out of business. To correct the balance of payments deficits, which is when a country imports more than it exports.
Non-economic arguments: Non-economic arguments for protectionism include the following points: To promote cultural and social objectives, as certain countries may wish to protect cultural or socially significant industries. To protect public health and safety, as some countries may restrict the importation of goods that do not comply with local health and safety regulations. To maintain domestic employment and prevent job losses. To prevent the exploitation of labor in foreign countries that may be paying low wages or engaging in poor working conditions.
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assume that you were to build a new 7tesla mri system. you currently had a 3tesla mri system. which parts from the 3t could you use in the 7tesla system? explain
When upgrading from a 3 Tesla (3T) MRI system to a new 7Tesla (7T) MRI system, several components from the existing 3T system could potentially be reused.
However, it's important to note that the compatibility and interchangeability of components between different MRI systems may vary, and a thorough assessment by MRI experts would be necessary to determine which specific parts can be utilized.
While some parts of the 3T MRI system might be compatible with the 7T system, it is important to consider that upgrading to a higher field strength like 7T requires significant changes and advancements in technology. Common parts that could potentially be reused include the computer infrastructure, such as servers, networking equipment, and data storage systems. Additionally, certain peripheral devices like patient monitoring equipment, power supplies, and display monitors might also be compatible between systems.
However, core components directly related to the magnetic field generation, such as the magnet, gradient coils, radiofrequency (RF) coils, and related amplifiers, are typically specific to the field strength and design of the MRI system. These crucial components would likely need to be upgraded or replaced entirely to accommodate the higher field strength of the 7T system.
Ultimately, the feasibility of reusing parts from a 3T MRI system in a 7T MRI system would depend on the specific models, compatibility considerations, and recommendations provided by the MRI system manufacturer and expert technicians. A comprehensive evaluation and consultation with MRI specialists would be necessary to determine which parts can be reused and which need to be replaced to ensure optimal performance and safety in the new 7T MRI system.
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