The two strands of the DNA share a common ancestor before 60,000 years ago.
Given here that the mutation rate is 1 in every 20,000 years. So it takes 20000 years to take single mutation.
Thus , the third mutation can occur 3×20000 years = 60,000years.
A mutation is a change to an organism’s DNA sequence. Errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens, or viral infection can all cause mutations. Our cells are constantly undergoing mutations, yet very few of these have any negative effects on our health.
There are numerous explanations for why mutations typically don’t have significant effects. The majority of mutations occur in somatic cells, such as muscle or skin cells, and only have an impact on the cell in which they originate and cells that develop from that cell.
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When lava flows from volcanoes that aren't explosive, the lava forms a large, extrusive volcanic feature. What's the name for this extrusive feature?
A. Volcanic plateau
B. Epicenter
C. Lava cap
D. Basalt columns
Miners can extract coal at Earth's surface or underground.Which type of coal mining is likely to cause more environmental damage toland and water? Explain in 3 sentences
The conventional coal fuel cycle is among the most destructive activities on earth, threatening our health, fouling our air and water, harming our land, and contributing to global warming.
There are significant environmental impacts associated with coal mining and use. It could require the removal of massive amounts of top soil, leading to erosion, loss of habitat and pollution. Coal mining causes acid mine drainage, which causes heavy metals to dissolve and seep into ground and surface water.
A plant cell has a water potential of -10 bars and a solute potential of -13 bars. What is the cells pressure potential?
Answer:
So, the correct answer is '-5 bars'.
Why could the hydrosphere never be found above the atmosphere?
Answer:
because of the difference of density
Explanation:
imagine a car being acted on by unbalanced forces what do you know about the motion of the car
When an item is subjected to forces that are out of balance, the resultant force will cause the object to accelerate in that direction.
In other words, a body will alter its velocity in response to an applied force.
This only indicates that acceleration will result from uneven forces.
What occurs when an item is subject to imbalanced forces?When an item is subjected to forces that are out of balance, the resultant force will cause the object to accelerate in that direction. In other words, a body will alter its velocity in response to an applied force. This only indicates that acceleration will result from uneven forces.
The automobile moves when we push it because our push is stronger than the other forces pulling on it. On the other hand, the forces are considered to be balanced if an item is travelling in a straight path at a constant speed.
Unbalanced forces are those operating on a body when the net force acting on the body is greater than zero.
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In your own words,How does this deforestation affect the fertility of the land?
the roots of the trees bind the topsoil altogether and it prevents the wind and water to carry away the soil. When there is deforestation the binding of the soil particles is greatly affected, and the most fertile part of the soil (the top layer) can be carried away by floods for example. This makes the soil infertile eventually leading to desertification.
Which of the following groups of organisms contains a cell wall?I. PlantaeIl. AnimaliaIll. FungiIV. EubacteriaA. Il, IllB. I, Ill, IVC. I, II, Ill, IVD. 1, Il, Ill
The correct answer is B. I, III, IV. Animal cells do not have cell wall in any of their cell types. In contrast, all plants, fungi and several eubacteria have a cell wall, which does not share composition, nor structure, but shares function, protection.
Why does evolution always lead to more advanced species?
General category: Biology.
Sub-category: Evolution.
Topic: natural selection
Introduction:
According to Darwin's theory of evolution, those members of the population with less adapted characteristics (as determined by their environment) are more likely to die. So those members with better-adapted characteristics are more likely to survive.
Explanation:The sentence "species are more advanced due to evolution" or equivalently "evolution always leads to more advanced species" is false.
According to the theory of evolution, organisms that are more adapted to certain environments survive and pass their genes from generation to generation. However, when environmental conditions change, these characteristics may not be advantageous for survival in the space where these species are found, and they may die.
An example of this is polar bears. Their fur is white, which gives them an advantage when hunting their prey since these bears can go unnoticed in the snow, which is white. However, due to global warming, this feature is no longer an advantage in certain regions where the ice has melted excessively and prey can more easily see this great hunter. However, this does not imply that the polar bear is more advanced or less advanced. It implies that the conditions of the environment influence the conditions of survival and that evolution is guided by random or provoked changes in the environment of organisms.
We can conclude that the correct answer is:
Answer:The sentence "evolution always leads to more advanced species" is false since, according to the theory of evolution, organisms that are more adapted to certain environments survive and pass their genes from generation to generation. However, when environmental conditions change, these characteristics may not be advantageous for survival in the space where these species are found, and they may die. this does not imply that the organisms in a population are more advanced or less advanced. It implies that the conditions of the environment influence the conditions of survival and that evolution is guided by random or provoked changes in the environment of organisms.
A student decides to investigate the relationship between atmospheric pressure and weather. For eight days, the student reads
a barometer and observes the weather outside. The student records the data in a table.
Which two statements does the data best support?
Day
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Monday
Air Pressure (mmHg)
30.0
29.8
29.7
29.4
29.4
29.6
29.8
30.0
Weather
Clear and sunny
Partly cloudy and breezy
Cloudy and light wind
Rain
Scattered rain showers
Partly cloudy and windy
Clear and breezy
Mostly sunny and light wind
A. The weather will be windy when air pressure is
low.
B. The weather will change soon when air pressure
is low.
C. The weather is usually sunny when air pressure
is high.
D. The weather tends to change when air pressure
changes.
The two statements do the data best support the relationship between atmospheric pressure and weather is option C The weather is usually sunny when air pressure is high. and D The weather tends to change when the air pressure changes.
Atmospheric pressure is a trademark of climate. while a low-stress machine moves into a place, it commonly leads to cloudiness, wind, and precipitation. high-pressure structures usually cause a fair, calm climate.
Areas of excessive and occasional strain are due to ascending and descending air. As air warms it ascends, main to low pressure at the surface. As the air cools it descends, main to high strain at the surface. As temperature will increase, the air expands, and consequently the molecules of air own extra electricity. because of this, they exert greater stress on gadgets. therefore air strain will increase with the boom in temperature.
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An illness caused by a certain virus includes fever, rash, joint pain, red eyes, and headache.
The virus is transmitted to people by infected mosquitoes. Symptoms quickly occur within
three to twelve days after contracting the virus. There is no vaccine for this virus.
Which description best explains the reproductive cycle of this virus?
A Lytic, because the virus is transmitted by mosquitoes
B Lysogenic, because there is no way to vaccinate against it
C Lytic, because of the quick incubation time
D Lysogenic, because the virus causes a fever
Lytic, because of the quick incubation time explains the reproductive cycle of the virus.
What is lytic cycle?
One of the two viral reproduction cycles, the other being the lysogenic cycle, applies to bacterial viruses or bacteriophages. The infected cell and its membrane are destroyed as a result of the lytic cycle. Virulent phages are bacteriophages that only utilise the lytic cycle (in contrast to temperate phages).
Although the lytic cycle's final result is the generation of new phage offspring and the death of the host bacterial cell, this is a multistep process that requires careful synchronisation of physical processes and gene transcription. The phage must locate a receptive and appropriate host bacterial cell that it can adhere to. The host genome is destroyed after the introduction of phage genetic material into the cell, and the phage then uses the host cellular machinery to manufacture copies of its own genome and synthesise the structural elements. Before the host cell lyses and the phage progeny is discharged into the surrounding environment to find new target cells, new phage are assembled.
Here we can see that symptoms quickly occur within three to twelve days after contracting the virus.
Hence the correct option is C; Lytic, because of the quick incubation time
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what is the net charge on the protein: glu-ala-ser-lys-val-arg-phe-ile-his at a ph value of 6.5?
The net charge on protein glu-ala-ser-lys-val-arg-phe-ile-his having pH 6.5 is 0
Out of all given amino acids all of them are triprotic except Glutamic acid, Lysine, Arginine and Histidine , hence only these amino acids participate in net charge of protein.
Writing the rest protein chain-
glu-lys-arg-his
Writing the pka value for all,
pKa for NH₃⁺ = 9.62
pKa for COO⁻ =2.34
pKa for glu =4.25
pKa for lys=2.18
pKa for arg=12.45
pKa for his= 6
Given pH= 6.5 which is greater than the pKa of his , glu ,lys and COO⁻, so all of them got deprotonated.
So, charge will be,
-1( COO⁻) +1(NH₃⁺)+1 ( NH₃⁺ of arg) - 1(COO⁻ of glu)
= 0
So, the net charge will be zero for the given sequence of amino acid of the protein.
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Models are useful to scientists, but they can have drawbacks. For example, models can oversimplify a process or show only parts of the structures involved in the process. List two pros and two cons of the model you created in part A.
Two pros of the model of posttranscriptional modification and translation are:
It helps to simplify the process of posttranscriptional modification and translationIt gives a clear mental picture of the processes of posttranscriptional modification and translationTwo cons of the model of posttranscriptional modification and translation are:
it oversimplifies the process of posttranscriptional modification and translationit does not take into account all the processes involved in posttranscriptional modification and translation areWhat are models?Models are representations that are used to describe and explain processes or phenomena.
Models could include:
pictures and graphsobjects and toolsModels can be useful in explaining concepts. But they may oversimplify the concepts they ex[lainm.
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Britain and France had many colonies, why should the Germans try and get some?
Answer: By obtaining colonies, they can restore Germany's position as the most prestigious, important, and influential nation in Europe.
The inside the stratosphere blocks ultraviolet radiation.
Answer here
Answer:
?Explanation:
what do you mean by chromosomes.....?
Answer:
it houses or contains genes while gene is the basic unit of heredity. There are 46 number of chromosomes in human beings and 23 pairs of chromosomes and if you add 23 plus 23 that gives you 46
Answer: Chromosomes are threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell. In plants and animals (including humans), chromosomes reside in the nucleus of cells.
Explanation:
Hank has a very detailed model of the solar system where each planet is made out of granite rock. Since his little sister really liked the model, he spent two weeks in his dad's workshop building her a Styrofoam copy. When he picked up the models to take them back inside the house, which physical property would he immediately notice upon picking them up?
A.
conductivity
B.
color
C.
density
D.
ductility
Hank has a very detailed model of the solar system where each planet is made out of granite rock. Since his little sister really liked the model, he spent two weeks in his dad's workshop building her a Styrofoam copy. When he picked up the models to take them back inside the house, which physical property would he immediately notice upon picking them up?
A.
conductivity
B.
color
C.
density
D.
ductility
Using the graphs below, which group of moths is better adapted to survive the hunting cycle?
a.
Light moths on light trees
b.
Dark moths on light trees
c.
Dark moths on dark trees
d.
Light moths on dark trees
Land Habitats
Lab Assessment
Edge2020
Dark moths on dark trees. we can conclude that the dark moths on the dark trees are the most successful.
What are moths?The survival of moths with different colors in various habitats varies greatly, as shown in the graph above ( light and dark trees). Dark moths have a better rate of survival on dark trees, while light moths are more successful on light trees.
However, the disparity between the survival rates on dark and light trees is higher on the former.
As we can see, the survival rate for dark moths on dark trees is approximately 100%, while it is only about 70% for light moths on light trees.
Therefore, Dark moths on dark trees. we can conclude that the dark moths on the dark trees are the most successful.
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Protein hormones are both too hydrophilic and too large to pass through the plasma
membrane. Their receptors are ------ membrane proteins with an ------ signal-binding domain.
a
peripheral; extracellular
b
peripheral; intracellular
Your answer (It was wrong)
c
integral; intracellular
d
integral; extracellular
As the bright sun shines upon the water the water slowly disappears the sunlight also gives energy to the surrounding plants to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugar in the oxygen gas which changes physical and which changes chemical
Answer:
"As the bright sun shines upon the water, the water slowly dissapears." Since the water has been turned to water vapour, this is an example of a PHYSICAL change.
The second example involves a CHEMICAL change of water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen gas when the same sunshine provides energy to the nearby plants.
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Different model types work best for different situations. When would you use the
following model?
Computer-generated models-
Photograph of a bone-
Plastic Bone-
Dissected Pig-
Since the different model types work best for different situations. The time to use the following model are:
Computer-generated models- to make characters, as well as scenes and also some unique effects in films and games.
Photograph of a bone- to analyze the dislocations as well as fractures in the bone.
Plastic Bone- Used to regrow bones that are damaged in animal trials.
Dissected Pig- It is used on elementary and also in advanced biology classes as a dissection objects.
What are computer models used for?Scientists can run thousands of computer-simulated experiments thanks to computer modeling. The small number of laboratory tests that have the best chance of solving the problem under study are found via millions of computer experiments.
Note that by using an X-ray machine, we may take a picture of a bone and Flexible synthetic or plastic bone known as plastic boning is used in corsets.
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Mosses and lichens that break down rock into the soil for plants to begin growing in an environment examples of what?A. Interspecific competitionB. Secondary successionC. WeatheringD. A pioneer species
the correct opcion is B. Secondary succession
If a person has a scratch on the tough, outer surface of his or her eyeball, it’s most likely a scratch on which of the following parts of the eye?
Question 5 options:
Lens
Cornea
Pupil
Iris
The iris (the colored part of the attention) controls how lots mild the scholar allows. subsequent, mild passes via the lens (a clear inner part of the eye). The lens works collectively with the cornea to recognize light correctly at the retina.
What is the clear lens on your eye known as?
The iris is in part liable for regulating the amount of light authorized to go into the attention. Lens (also referred to as crystalline lens). The obvious shape internal the eye that focuses light rays onto the retina. decrease eyelid. skin that covers the decreased part of the eyeball, inclusive of the cornea, when closed.
Answer:
iris
Explanation:
it is the outer layer of the eye
Allele frequency can change over time since natural selection and other
processes that drive evolution are always in play. This change over time is
called
These various variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. For instance, two alleles may occur at one specific locus, one of which codes for the cytosine base and the other for the thymine base. One copy of the human genome is inherited from each parent. We are hence referred to as diploid organisms.
What is Allele Frequency ?The relative frequency of an allele at a certain locus in a population, represented as a fraction or percentage, is known as gene frequency or allele frequency. The percentage of chromosomes in the population that carry that allele relative to the whole population or sample size is what is being discussed.
The frequency of an allele in a population is referred to as its allele frequency. It is calculated by dividing the number of gene copies by the number of times the allele occurs in the population. All the copies of every gene in a population make up the gene pool of that population.
What is Allele ?Leading textbooks on genetics and evolution define an allele as a different variation of the same sequence of nucleotides at the same location on a long DNA molecule. "The chromosomal or genomic location of a gene or any other genetic element is called a locus and alternative DNA sequences at a locus are called alleles.
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Explain why ecosystem diversity results in species
diversity in a healthy
biosphere
Biodiversity increases the stability of an ecosystem and contributes to the health of the biosphere. As They provide clean air, fresh water, medicines and food security. They also limit disease and stabilize the climate.
Greater biodiversity in ecosystems, species, and individuals leads to greater stability.
Climate has fostered the evolution of a diverse set of ecosystems that are adapted to handle the temperature, humidity, precipitation, and seasonal changes they are in.
Healthy ecosystems regulate the Earth's climate, filter air and water, recycle nutrients and mitigate the impact of natural disasters. Healthy ecosystems also provide a renewable supply of timber, fibre, fish and other valuable resources .
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What are the military benefits of having colonies?
Answer: Militarily colonies could help a country project its power around the world. For example US naval bases in Hawaii and the Philippines were seen as a way that American power could extend into Asia. Ships from those bases could intervene relatively quickly in anything that happened in Asia and the Pacific.
Explanation: Please give me Brainlist Love
The military benefits of having colonies are as follows -
Colonies provide the military proper foods and raw material for there country such as grains, sugar, or tobacco.
Colonies also help the military to provide an outlet for exports of good, which also help in increased jobs. There is also low mortality and increased vaccination against diseases, and also prevents disease.
They also increases economic stabilities, and also solve the human rights violation.
Colonies also help in construction of railways, and all other basic need of population. and hence , it increases the state of living.
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Need an answer please
Negative electrical signal cause signals to move like a wave in the cells i.e., nerve cells thus the first statement is correct.
Nerve cells create an assortment of electrical signals to transmit and store data. As a rule, they deliver a negative potential: resting state potential (-40 to -90 mV). An activity potential transitorily nullifies the negative resting potential making the transmembrane positive.
Two mechanisms have advanced to transmit nerve signals. First, for communication between cells, the electrical signals by and large are changed over into chemical signals passed on by little flag-bearer atoms called neurotransmitters.
Second, inside cells, electrical signals are passed on along the cell layer.
Moment, for communication between cells, the electrical signals for the most part are changed over into chemical signals passed on by little courier particles called neurotransmitters.
The electrical signal transmission inside neurons is based on voltage contrasts (i.e., possibilities) that exist between the interior and the exterior of the cell.
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A plant and an animal are both living things. According to the Cell Theory, what can you conclude about these two very different organisms?
They are both made of one or more cells.
Animal cells have centrosomes and lysosomes but plant cells do not. Plant cells have cell wall chloroplasts other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole, whereas animal cells do not. Cell theory states that cells are the basic building blocks of all living organisms and that all organisms be they plants or animals, consist of one or more cells.
He also states that new cells can only arise from existing cells and that organisms can grow and multiply because cells can divide. Animal cells and plant cells are similar in that both are eukaryotic cells. These cells have a true nucleus that houses the DNA and is separated from other cellular structures by a nuclear membrane. Both cell types have similar reproductive processes including mitosis and meiosis.
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What is the process by which some individuals with certain traits have a greater survival and reproduction than those lacking those traits?A) Survival of the fittestB) Natural selectionC) The weak will dieD) The strong survive
Solution:
Natural selection explains how organisms in a population develop traits that allow them to survive and reproduce. Natural selection means that traits that offer an advantage will most likely be passed on to offspring; individuals with those traits have a better chance of surviving.
Then, we can conclude that the correct answer is:
B) Natural selection
Complete the process of protein synthesis by completing the chart below.Remember you must first do transcription, creating an mRNA strand from the DNA, follow pairing rulesThen you must do translation using your codon chart to decode the mRNA
DNA: ATG TAT CAT GAG CCA GAT
mRNA: UAC AUA GUA CTC GGU CUA
Amino acids: Tyr, Ile, Val, Leu, Gly, Leu
What is the overall impact of harvesting non-renewable resources such as oil and methane.
The harvesting of non-renewable sources can generate impacts such as huge volumes of rock and soil from extractions being dumped in other locations, affecting the local ecosystems. The sites in which land is being mined, the quality of the soil decreases over time, getting really poor and sometimes even polluted by chemicals, polluting nearby water as well. Drilling and extracting natural gas can cause methane to leak, and methane is a potent greenhouse gas, rising temperatures and changing weather patterns. There are many impacts that can be caused by the use of non-renewable resources, and as we can see they start from its harvest and extraction.