In 1n cell chromosome number is 23 and in 2n cell chromosome number is 46.
An individual set of chromosomes, or haploid, is present in each cell. Haploid refers to the number of chromosomes in gametes, which are also known as egg or sperm cells.Human gametes are haploid cells with 23 chromosomes, one of each pair found in diplod cells, and they are made up entirely with chromosomes that are not found in other haploid cells.
When an organism's cells contain two full sets of chromosomes, with one chromosome from each parent present in each pair, the organism is said to be diploid.Humans contain 23 pairs of chromosomes in most of their cells because they are diploid.
The number of chromosomes in somatic (body) cells of sexually reproducing animals is normally diploid, which is twice as many as the haploid (1n) amount found in the gametes. During meiosis, the haploid number is generated.
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How do you predict protein structure?
Both the use of structural templates derived from enzyme active areas and a global comparison of protein structures to uncover homology can be utilized to infer function from structure.
Why is it so difficult to anticipate protein structure?
Because some mutations can make this prediction robust while others require fine-tuning, it is challenging to predict protein shape given an amino acid sequence.
What are the three methods of analysis used to determine protein content?
The methods most frequently employed to estimate the amount of protein in food are the Dumas method, direct measurement methods utilizing UV spectroscopy, and measurement of refractive index.
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predict the most likely effect of the pigeons cleaning their feathers on the phenotypes of the lice after four years.
The study of genes is called genetics.
Natural selection is the process that affects the variation in the phenotypes.
What is natural selection?Natural selection is referred to as the selection of the fittest in all environmental conditions. The process is known as evolution. When any natural calamities occur or there is a change in the environmental condition, the organism which survives the conditions is known as the natural selection.
The naturally selected organism-adapted traits further cause changes in the genes over a period of time. The process of natural selection brings divergent evolution over time. Darwin's finches are the best examples to understand natural selection.
Therefore, factors affecting natural selection are time, variation, inheritance, and selection.
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What are the disorder caused by mutation?
The disorders caused by mutations are called genetic disorders.
What are genetic mutations?Genetic mutations are alterations in the genetic material of an organism due to changes in the linear order of nucleotide bases in the genome that form the genetic material of the cells of such organism.
Moreover, genetic mutations cause genetic disorders that are inherited through the germinal line when these mutations are able to pass from parents to offspring, in a process that involves the transference of genetic material from the egg cell or the sperm cell to the first somatic cell which is called the zygote.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that genetic mutations are able to cause genetic disorders that are alterations in the genetic material passed from parents to offspring through the germinal line, i.e. by the egg cell or the spermatic gametic cells
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Thalamic neurons that project to the primary sensory cortex are ________ neurons.
A) receptor
B) first-order
C) second-order
D) third-order
E) fourth-order
Answer:
The thalamic neurons that project to the primary sensory cortex are second-order neurons.
Explanation:
thalamic neurons that project to the primary sensory cortex are second-order neurons, as they relay sensory information received from first-order neurons to the primary sensory cortex.
Thalamic neurons that project to the primary sensory cortex are second-order neurons.
What are thalamic neurons?These neurons generate a high-frequency action potential that burst a low threshold which is also known as the T-type threshold. This threshold is calcium related. Thalamic are located in dendrites and soma. The neurons become activated.
Thalamus is located in the center of the brain. It is paired with the diencephalon's gray matter. The thalamus is located above the mesencephalon also known as the midbrain. The nerve fibers present in the section are connected with fibers of the cerebral cortex in all directions. Interthalamic adhesion connects the thalamus.
Therefore, the thalamus relays both the mortar and sensory signals.
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What is the most important thing we can do to help save coral reefs?
The most crucial action we can take to help save coral reefs is -
Recycling and safe trash disposal are important because marine debris can affect coral reefs. Recycle your waste wherever you are, especially plastic, and don't forget the three R's (reduce, reuse, and recycle). To prevent trash from being blown or washed into streams and oceans, properly dispose of rubbish in bins.
Never leave cigarette butts in the sand or leave any litter behind on beaches. By helping to pick up trash in your town, you can help keep your rivers and streams clean. Consult the neighborhood. Recycling is the best way to protect coral reefs.
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Plants in the rainforest contribute to precipitation there through transpiration.
true
false
It is True that Plants in the rainforest contribute to precipitation there through transpiration.
Through the process of transpiration, in which plants release water from their leaves during photosynthesis, rainforests contribute to the water cycle by adding water to the atmosphere. Rain clouds are formed as a result of this moisture, which releases water back into the rainforest.
When forests are cut down, less moisture enters the atmosphere, and less rain falls, which can occasionally result in drought.
Borneo and the Amazon rainforests have been severely affected by droughts in recent years. These have been exacerbated by deforestation.
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10)Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration is FALSE? A)It yields lower amounts of ATP when compared to aerobic respiration. B)The complete Kreb's cycle is utilized. C)It involves the reduction of pyruvate to lactic acid or ethanoi. D)It requires cytochromes.
11)A strictly fermentative bacterium produces ATP A)by glycolysis only. B)by aerobic respiration only. C)by fermentation or aerobic respiration. D)only in the absence of oxygen. E)only in the presence of oxygen.
12)Which compound(s) is/are the 12 reduced form(s) in the reaction shown in the figure at left? Alisocitric acid and a- ketoglutaric acid B)a-ketoglutaric acid and NAD C)NAD D)NADH E)NADH and isocitric acid с B A 0 10 5 Time (hr)
13)The figure at left hows a typical 13 bacterial growth curve with the y-axis indicating the log of the number of bacteria and the x-axis indicating time in culture. In the figure, which section shows a growth phase where the number of cells dying equals the number of cells uiviuin5.
14)Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction: 0 2. +0, +2H + H20, +0,? A)catalase B)oxidase C)peroxidase D)superoxide dismutase 14
15)A culture medium on which only gram-positive organisms grow and a yellow halo surrounds Staphylococcus aureus colonies is called a(n) A)selective medium. B)differential medium. C)enrichment medium. D)selective and differential medium. E)differential and enrichment medium. 15
16)Which of the following is the best method to sterilize heat-labile solutions? A)dry heat B)autoclave C)membrane filtration D)pasteurization E)freezing 16
17)Which of the following would be best used to sterilize plastic Petri plates in a plastic wrapper? A)Autoclave a B)Gamma radiation C) Quats D)Freezing E)Ultraviolet radiation 17 Disinfectant Zone of inhibition (mm) A 10 B 2.5 C 0 D 5
Anaerobic respiration implies the oxidation of the an organic final acceptor, which is untrue.
The right answer to the question about anaerobic respiration is that food is broken down to produce energy when there is no oxygen present. During this procedure, glucose is only partially oxidized. Simple aerobic respiration involves the inhalation of oxygen and the exhalation of carbon dioxide. Anaerobic respiration implies the oxidation of the an organic final acceptor, which is untrue. Oxygen deprivation causes anaerobic respiration to occur. When there isn't enough oxygen available, it is utilized. Oxygen deprivation causes anaerobic respiration to occur. When there isn't enough oxygen available, it is utilized. Some species may not always have access to enough oxygen to allow for respiration, yet they still require energy to exist.
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What is meaning of the word resiliency in this context save the coral reefs?
Answer: an ability to recover from or adjust easily to adversity or change
Explanation:meaning of the word resiliency in this context save the coral reefs is an ability to recover from or adjust easily to adversity or change
What town was Gremlins based on?
Kingston Falls is a town in Pennsylvania as well as the location of the events that occurred in “Gremlins”.
Who was Gremlins?The events in the movie "Gremlins" took place in the Pennsylvania village of Kingston Falls. A postcard-perfect scene can be seen in the fictional Pennsylvanian tiny hamlet of Kingston Falls.
The town has a large population, and one of its most renowned residents, the wealthy and ruthless widow Ruby Deagle, effectively runs everything. After the movie theater explosion and other devastation the gremlins inflicted, the town was in desperate need of restoration.
A significant gremlin outbreak that caused significant damage and a few fatalities was one prominent occurrence. Fortunately, the beasts were destroyed, making the village once again secure.
Therefore, Kingston Falls is a town in Pennsylvania as well as the location of the events that occurred in “Gremlins”.
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Exponential growth is rare because resources are usually limiting. True False Question 16 1 pts Like nutrients and water, energy also cycles through an ecosystem True False D Question 17 1 pts Island biogeography predicts that a single large area would have higher biodiversity than several small areas. However, in practice, several small areas could have an advantage for minimizing edge effects. True Falso Question 18 1 pts Lions, leopards and other large terrestrial predators generally maintain well-defined territories What kind of dispersion pattern would you expect this to produce? O clumped O clustered O uniform logistic random Question 19 1 pts Three quarters of new infectious diseases originate in animals. Thus, outbreaks are becoming more common. True False Question 20 1 pts is the amount of energy available to consumers in an ecosystem. Net primary production Respiration Actual primary production Trophic primary production Gross primary production Question 21 1 pts Why is a random dispersal pattern quite rare in nature? Because resources in nature are rarely randomly spaced. Because only aquatic resources are commonly randomly dispersed. Because most animals have social behavior such as forming flocks or herds Because most organisms have overlapping territories created via symbiosis. Because most organisms have defined territories created via competition Question 22 1 pts From this list, which one is a indicator species O gray wolves any species of whale american robins O polar bears O cotoyes Question 23 1 pts The Earth's surface releases that is absorbed by the atmosphere, stabilizing or raising the atmospheric temperature, a process known as "greenhouse effect". O infrared (heat) radiation beta radiation ultraviolet radiation near-ultraviolet radiation X-rays Question 24 1 pts r-selected species tend to have type III survivorship curves. O True O False Question 25 1 pts Atmospheric CO2 has increased since about the year 1850; most of this atmospheric increase is due to increased respiration by terrestrial organisms. decreased rates of photosynthesis. burning of fossil fuels. evapotranspiration increased respiration by marine organisms. Question 26 1 pts You are in a biome that lacks larger mammals (e.g., rhinos and elephants), it is mostly warm and humid, and it lacks a clear seasonality. What biome is this? O High desert Tropical rainforest O Tropical grassland Temperate rain forest Taiga D Question 27 1 pts How does DDT in the environment affect many birds? stunted growth of chicks advancing neurological degeneration does not accumulate in the blood and other water-based body fluids. O chronic liver failure in adults egg shells are thinned and this causes a decrease in the reproductive rate Question 28 1 pts Several butterfly species that are edible to birds have very similar color patterns to the inedible monarch butterfly. This is best described as an example of what? O crypsis O intimidation Batesian mimicry Müllerian mimicry O aposematic coloration Question 29 1 pts A community's actual evapotranspiration is a reflection of animal biomass and animal water content the number of plants and how much moisture they avoid the depth of the water table. wind speed and the frequency of wind gusts. solar radiation, temperature, and water availability
Yes, the statement is true, growth is rare because resources are usually limiting.
It is generally true that exponential growth is rare because resources are usually limiting. Growth refers to a pattern of growth in which a quantity increases at an increasing rate. In other words, the rate of growth itself grows over time. This type of growth is often described using the equation y = a * b^x, where y is the quantity being measured, a is the starting value of the quantity, b is the growth factor, and x is the time period. Exponential growth can occur in a variety of contexts, including population growth, economic growth, and the growth of bacteria or other microorganisms. However, in most cases, exponential growth is not sustainable because resources are limited. For example, a population of animals or a company's sales may initially grow exponentially, but eventually the growth rate will slow as the population or sales reach the limits of the available resources. There are some exceptions to this rule, such as when an organism or system has access to an unlimited supply of resources or when exponential growth is intentionally fostered or encouraged. However, these situations are relatively rare and are not typically seen in natural systems.
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What two processes are involved in sexual reproduction but not asexual reproduction?
In sexual life cycles, meiosis and fertilization alternate. Meiosis generates genetically distinct reproductive cells known as gametes, which have half the amount of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Meiosis and fertilization alternate during the sexual life cycle. Meiosis is the process by which a diploid cell produces haploid cells, while fertilization is the process by which two haploid cells (gametes) combine to form a diploid zygote.
There are two types of reproduction: sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. An creature that reproduces sexually integrates the genetic information from both parents and is genetically distinct.
Asexual reproduction occurs when one parent replicates itself to produce genetically identical kids.
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What hurts more tattoo or piercing?
Tattoos typically hurt more than piercings, Because the needles used for tattoos are larger and penetrate the skin further than those used for piercings
Because the needles used for tattoos are larger and penetrate the skin further than those used for piercings, tattoos typically cause more pain than piercings. However, there are no hard and fast rules about how much pain you'll feel from a tattoo or piercing because everyone experiences pain differently.
The location of your tattoo or piercing, your individual pain tolerance, the size and complexity of the tattoo or piercing design, and whether you are getting a tattoo or piercing for the first time or have had one in the past all play a role in how much pain you experience from them.
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converging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity.
Surface water convergence zones have low output and downelling. The Greenland glaciers are the source of most icebergs in the Northern Hemisphere.
They may migrate south with the currents and enter the North Atlantic Ocean. In Alaska, glaciers also calve icebergs sometimes. The Antarctic continent is where the majority of icebergs that calve in the Southern Hemisphere do so. Icebergs are substantial chunks of ice that separate from glaciers. This action is referred known as caving. Icebergs float in the ocean despite being made of frozen freshwater rather than saltwater.
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how would the membrane composition of a native grass found in very warm soil around hot springs compare with that of native grass found in cooler soil? explain
The grass in the warm soil has more saturated fatty acid in its plasma membrane, whereas the grass in the native relatively cool region has more unsaturated fatty acid.
Because fatty acids remain fluid at lower temperatures, grasses living in cooler regions are predicted to contain more unsaturated fatty acids in their membranes. Hot-weather grasses are anticipated to have more saturated fatty acids, which allows the fatty acids to "stack" closer together, making the plasma membranes less fluid and thus assisting them to remain untouched at elevated temperature.
During cold acclimation, membrane lipids have become more unsaturated, and a reverse reaction transpired during warm acclimation. Membrane lipids, on the other hand, had shown no warm acclimation, which could be attributed to the moderate change in temperature.
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Is atherosclerosis the same as a stroke?
Extreme ischemic stroke is caused by atherosclerosis, also known as arteriosclerosis. Atherosclerosis occurs when fat and cholesterol build up in the arteries and blood vessels, narrowing the arteries.
Stroke is also called cerebrovascular accident. Atherothrombotic stroke is the most common. It occurs when blood clots form in atherosclerotic plaques in the blood vessels of the brain, blocking blood flow to that part of the brain.
Plaque conformation can be divided into three main stages: 1) fatty streak, which represents induction, 2) plaque progression, which represents adaptation, and 3) plaque collapse, which represents clinical complications of atherosclerosis.
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Which of the following is NOT an effect of PTH? A) to activate osteoclasts B) increase Ca2+ reabsorption in the kidneys C) promotes activation of vitamin D by the kidneys D) to decrease Ca+ absorption in the gut
( D) to decrease Ca+ absorption in the gut is NOT an effect of PTH.
what is PTH?It can be referred as the parathyroid glands secrete a peptide hormone known as parathyroid hormone, sometimes known as parathormone or parathyrin, which regulates the serum calcium content via influencing the intestine, kidney, and bone.
What is the PTH function?These processes are induced by the parathyroid hormone: release of calcium into the bloodstream by bones. intestines' ability to absorb calcium from diet. Calcium preservation by the kidneys.
What does a high level of PTH mean?Too much PTH raises calcium levels in the blood, which can result in health issues like kidney stones and bone weakening. Through normal blood tests, doctors typically identify primary hyperparathyroidism early, before major issues arise.
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What is the main conflict in Of Mice and Men?
The main conflict in Of Mice and Men is the struggle between the powerful and the powerless.
What do you mean by Conflict?
Conflict is a disagreement or opposition between two or more people, ideas, or interests. It can take the form of physical or emotional battles, legal disputes, or even ideological clashes. Conflict can arise in many different contexts, including within families, workplaces, classrooms, and between countries.
The main characters, George and Lennie, are powerless, and the rest of the characters in the novel are more powerful, either physically or economically. This power imbalance creates a struggle between George and Lennie and their oppressors, making it difficult for them to achieve their dream of owning a farm.
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Based on Figure 1, what percent of the time required to complete a full cycle do the cells typically spend in interphase?
answer choices
5
35
50
95
95% of the time required to complete a full cycle, the cells typically spend in interphase.
A cell's growth and division are governed by a series of events known as the cell cycle. The majority of a cell's time is spent in interphase, where it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and gets ready for cell division. After that, the cell enters mitosis, completes its division, and leaves interphase. Interphase (G1, S, and G2) precedes the mitotic phase (M, mitosis, and cytokinesis) in the cell cycle.
Total time of the cell cycle = M + G1 + S + G2
= 1 + 9 + 7 + 3
= 20 hours
As is well known, DNA synthesis and cell growth take place during the interphase.
Therefore, Interphase time = = G1 + S + G2
= 9 + 7 + 3
= 19
So, the percentage time spent in Interphase = 19/20 × 100
= 95%
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(complete question)
Based on Figure 1, what percent of the time required to complete a full cycle do the cells typically spend in interphase?
answer choices
5
35
50
95
For the knee to fully extend, the tibia______________ approximately 10 degrees to achieve proper alignment of the tibial and femoral condyles.
For the knee to fully extend, the tibia externally rotates approximately 10 degrees to achieve proper alignment of the tibial and femoral condyles.
We frequently take for granted the power of our bodies to move. Moving swiftly and frequently occurs without conscious effort. But if you look more closely, you will see that even seemingly straightforward activities like bending at the knee need intricate interactions between bones, muscles, and ligaments.Full knee extension and flexion are possible thanks to the "Screw Home" rotation of the knees. The knee can be seen rotating during flexion and extension. The tibia (open chain) or femur (closed chain) must externally or internally rotate by roughly 10 degrees, respectively, during the final 30 degrees of knee extension.Although it might not seem like much, this rotation is necessary for the knee to move in a healthy manner.
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What about this summary makes it objective?
An impartial summary excludes any interpretations or evaluations of the text's ideas. Instead, it merely makes references to data that may be found in the text.
What exactly are summary and objective?"The definition of objective is "not affected by personal feelings or perception." A brief statement that highlights the major ideas or points of anything is called a summary. An objective summary, then, is a brief sentence or paragraph that summarizes something without adding any extraneous information or personal beliefs.
What kind of objective would that be?A goal is something you intend to accomplish. A mission's overarching goal is its military aim. To raise money is the goal of a bake sale.
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Do viruses have cell membrane?
No, the virus do not have the cell membrane as the virus is considered an exception to the cell theory because the virus contains genetic material but no organelles.
What are the evidences of occurrence of viruses?The earliest evidence for the occurrence of viruses was the discovery of an infectious agent in the sap of a tobacco plant. Experiments were set with different filters from which bacteria could pass but viruses being even smaller than bacteria could not pass.
Viruses were difficult to study because they are very small and couldn't be seen even under a microscope.Wendell Stanley made his studies on the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).
Therefore,No, the virus do not have the cell membrane as the virus is considered an exception to the cell theory because the virus contains genetic material but no organelles.
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The graph shows the relative solar energy received at local noon each day of the year at two different locations.
Based on the graph, which of the following can be concluded about the latitudes of the two locations?
answer choices
Both locations are at the same latitude.
Location 1 is close to the equator, and Location 2 is in the Northern Hemisphere.
Location 1 is in the Northern Hemisphere, and Location 2 is in the Southern Hemisphere.
Location 1 is in the Southern Hemisphere, and Location 2 is close to the equator.
Based on the graph, statements that can be concluded about the latitudes of the two locations are that location 1 is close to the equator, and Location 2 is in the Northern Hemisphere.
From the graph of relative solar energy per month it is known that the relatively straight line based on location 1 is caused by the same energy overall throughout the year which is characteristic of the equatorial region. While location 2 shows peak energy, in months due to summer, and May to August are the monsoon months hot in the Northern Hemisphere. So location 2 is the northern hemisphere.
The true answer is the second choice.
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why is the current model of plasma membrane called the fluid mosaic model? what is the fluid and in what sense is it fluid? what makes up the mosaic?
The current model of the plasma membrane, called the fluid mosaic model, is so named because it describes the membrane as being composed of a fluid mixture of lipids and proteins that are arranged in a mosaic-like pattern.
The fluid part of the model refers to the fact that the lipids in the membrane are highly fluid and can easily move around within the plane of the membrane. This is due to the fact that the lipids in the membrane are primarily composed of phospholipids, which have a polar head group and two nonpolar fatty acid tails. The polar head groups are hydrophilic (water-loving) and are attracted to the aqueous environment on either side of the membrane, while the nonpolar fatty acid tails are hydrophobic (water-fearing) and are repelled by water. As a result, the phospholipids spontaneously form a bilayer in which the polar head groups are oriented towards the aqueous environment and the nonpolar fatty acid tails are oriented towards the center of the membrane, away from water. This arrangement allows the lipids to move freely within the plane of the membrane, which gives the membrane its fluid-like properties.
The mosaic part of the model refers to the fact that the membrane is not just a homogenous mixture of lipids, but is also composed of a variety of proteins that are embedded within or attached to the lipid bilayer. These proteins perform a wide range of functions within the membrane, such as transporting molecules across the membrane, signaling between cells, and providing structural support. The proteins are arranged in a mosaic-like pattern within the membrane, with some proteins being more densely packed in certain regions and others being more spread out in other regions.
Overall, the fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as a dynamic and heterogeneous structure that is composed of a fluid mixture of lipids and proteins that are arranged in a mosaic-like pattern.
The current model of the plasma membrane, called the fluid mosaic model, is called this because the membrane is composed of a fluid mixture of lipids and proteins that are constantly moving and rearranging.
What is fluid mosaic model?The fluid part refers to the movement and fluidity of the lipids, which are composed of phospholipids that have a hydrophobic (water-repelling) tail and a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head. These phospholipids are arranged in a double layer, or bilayer, with the hydrophobic tails facing inward and the hydrophilic heads facing outward.
The mosaic part refers to the proteins that are embedded within the lipid bilayer or attached to the outer surface. These proteins have various functions, such as transporting substances across the membrane, signaling between cells, and recognizing and binding to other molecules. Together, the lipids and proteins form a dynamic and fluid mosaic that allows the plasma membrane to perform its various functions.
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What characteristics do viruses not have?
Viruses don't have any of the characteristics that make up living entities, including an energy metabolism, growth, the production of waste products, and the ability to respond to stimuli.
What five features of viruses are not living?They are not cells, do not contain cellular organelles or cytoplasm, and do not have their own metabolism; as a result, they must replicate utilizing the metabolic machinery of the host cell. Animals, plants, and even other microbes are susceptible to virus infection.
Why do viruses not exhibit traits?Why do viruses not exhibit any traits before entering the human body? A protein coat surrounds the nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) of viruses, which are non-cellular creatures.
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Hydras are animals related to coral and jellyfish. Hydras can reproduce sexually or asexually. Why would hydras avoid reproducing asexually when conditions are difficult?
Responses
Reproducing more slowly would be a good way to take advantage of plentiful resources.
Reproducing more slowly would be a good way to take advantage of plentiful resources.
The high genetic diversity could mean that all of the hydras die, depending on the situation.
The high genetic diversity could mean that all of the hydras die, depending on the situation.
The lack of genetic diversity could mean that all of the hydras die, depending on the situation.
The lack of genetic diversity could mean that all of the hydras die, depending on the situation.
Reproducing more rapidly would be a good way to take advantage of plentiful resources.
Reproducing more slowly would be a good way to take advantage of plentiful resources for hydras.
What are hydras ?Small, fragile, elongated sea anemones are what hydras resemble. They have a fundamentally bag-like body that is columnar or trunk-like. There are numerous lengthy tentacles around the mouth's edge. The thickness of hydra bodies is merely two cell layers. Hydras are able to adhere to surfaces thanks to a sticky substance at their foot. Hydras can bend down and perform somersaults in slow motion, or they can glide slowly on their feet. Both sexual and asexual methods are used by hydra for reproduction. When asexual reproduction occurs, the bud grows on the parent body, receives sustenance from the parent body as it matures, and then separates from the parent body. So, option A is correct.The complete question is :
Hydras are animals related to coral and jellyfish. Hydras can reproduce sexually or asexually. Why would hydras avoid reproducing asexually when conditions are difficult?
A. Reproducing more slowly would be a good way to take advantage of plentiful resources.
B. The high genetic diversity could mean that all of the hydras die, depending on the situation.
C. The lack of genetic diversity could mean that all of the hydras die, depending on the situation.
D. Reproducing more rapidly would be a good way to take advantage of plentiful resources.
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The governor of new york calls a press conference to address a major environmental problem in the state. In his speech, he mentions that pine forests in upstate new york are turning brown and dying, that fish in upstate rivers are being found dead on the shore, the soil quality all over the state is suffering, and that the metal in buildings in new york city is corroding. What environmental problem likely caused all of these problems?.
The environmental problem which likely caused all of these problems is smog from city areas is causing acid rain.
A chemical reaction that starts when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air begins is what causes acid rain. These substances have the ability to soar very high into the atmosphere they combine and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form smog which will form acid rain, which is a form of pollution that is even more acidic. In affected areas, dead or dying trees are common sights. Aluminum is leached from the soil by acid rain. that both animals and plants may be harmed by aluminum. Minerals and nutrients that trees need to grow are also taken out of the soil by acid rain. Fish are directly harmed by elevated aluminum levels and low pH. Additionally, fish are less able to compete for food and habitat due to chronic stress brought on by elevated aluminum levels and low pH, which may or may not result in the death of individual fish.
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Which of the following is NOT classified as an amino acid-derivative hormone?
a. eicosanoids
b. melatonin
c. thyroxine
d. epinephrine
Eicosanoids are NOT classified as an amino acid-derivative hormone.
Eicosanoids are oxidized derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with 20 carbons that are produced by the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (cytP450) pathways. The most common substrate for eicosanoid synthesis is arachidonic acid (ARA).
Eicosanoids are signaling molecules produced by the enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid or other polyunsaturated fatty acids with around 20 carbon units in length, similar to arachidonic acid.
Eicosanoids, which are produced from 20 carbon PUFAs, are important mediators and regulators of inflammation. As a result, eicosanoids serve as a bridge between PUFAs and inflammatory processes. When PUFAs are released from the phospholipid membrane by various phospholipases, eicosanoids are formed.
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imagine that a pharmaceutical company was successful at producing a drug based on the ccr5 gene product that is effective at preventing the contraction of aids. however, shortly after the drug has been in use, patients and doctors report that the drug is not as effective as it once was. what is the most likely explanation for this result?
After the drug has been in use, patients and doctors report that the drug is not as effective as it once was, the most likely explanation for this result is (D) Some HIV viruses have genetic variations in the RNA genome that provide resistance to the actions of the drug.
It is not always the case that a person who has been exposed to the HIV virus will eventually get AIDS. Some individuals have a natural defense against HIV infection due to their genetic makeup. Dr. Stephen O'Brien, a researcher at the National Cancer Institute in the United States, has just discovered a variant of the gene known as CCR5 gene known as a mutant that can defend against HIV infection. It's likely that the mutation first appeared in Europe, where it then spread via populations of people who had survived the bubonic plague. Plague germs are unable to enter and infect body cells because a defective gene stops them from connecting to the cellular membranes and, as a result, from entering the body. So the correct option is (D).
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a fruit flys head-to-tail axis is established by __________.
The axis that joins the fruit fly's head and tail is known as the head-to-tail axis. The DNA has established this axis.
Nucleic acids, such as DNA, are double-stranded molecules. These double-stranded molecules serve as the basis for a DNA molecule. Each fruit fly cell's DNA carries all of the information necessary to properly build the fruit fly's body. The proteins that make up the cells that make up the fly's body are encoded by this particular DNA. A result of this connection is that the fruit fly's head and tail are joined.
Motor neuron disease, a sickness that affects the neurons that govern movement, is one of the many disorders that can result from defects in motor neurons. Spinal muscular atrophy and ALS, widely known as Lou Gehrig's disease, are two examples of motor neuron illness (SMA).
The nematode worm has a considerably more intricate body design than humans do, and it all begins with a single fate that directs the worm's growth.
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How do coral reefs benefit the environment in terms of biodiversity?
Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth across all ecological roles. Biodiversity hotspots are areas that have an increased number of species and high numbers of individual organisms in those species. Examples of biodiversity hot spots are tropical rainforests and coral reefs.
Coral reefs have high levels of biodiversity because of their huge microhabitats, high levels of nutrients, and high levels of sunlight and warm temperatures. Coral reefs are home to many microhabitats. These are small habitats within an ecosystem that help unique niches for organisms to evolve. They are also located in warm, shallow waters rich in nutrients. The high level of sunlight in these areas promotes plant and algae growth which can provide a strong base for the ecosystem.
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